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Disruption of biofilms from sewage pipes under physical and chemical conditioning

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第1期21卷 120-126页

作者： Charbel Mahfoud antoine el samrani Rita Mouawad Walid Hleihel Rim el Khatib Bruno S. Lartiges Nam Ouani Holy Spirit University of Kaslik(USEK) Faculty of Sciences and Computer Engineering Department of Chemistry and Life SciencesWater and Environment Laboratory. P.B. 446JouniehLebanon Nancy University LEM-ENSG/INPL-CNRSPole de l'Eau15Avenue du CharmoisBP 40-F-54501 Vandoeuvre CedexFrance

Biofilms grown inside two sewage collecting pipes located in industrial and residential areas are studied. Bacterial biomass inside three layers of biofilms was evaluated. Biofilm cohesion under different mixing rate and ionic strength was also investigated. Effects of physical and chemical parameters in the biofilms were evaluated by monitoring turbidity, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands. Extracted organic matter from biofilms was partitioned to polar, aromatic and saturated fractions using activated silica column chromatography. Results revealed that bacterial biomass growth depending on biofilm thickness and stratification. The most loaded stratum in bacteria/biomass was the sewage-biofilm interface stratum that represented 51% of the total bacteria/biomass. Stirring rate and ionic strength of mono- and bivalent salts showed a major influence in biofilm disruption. The stirring time enhanced the exchange dynamic and matter capture between biofilm fragments at the critical stirring rate 90 r/min. Sodium chloride showed the dispersing effect on biofilms in suspension, and decreased the BOD5 （biochemical oxygen demand） beyond the physiological salt concentration.

关键词： biofilms, biochemical oxygen demand (BODs) chemical oxygen demand (COD) biomass ionic strength

Effect of Cadmium on <i>Lactuca sativa</i>Grown in Hydroponic Culture Enriched with Phosphate Fertilizer

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第12期6卷 1337-1346页

作者： Valérie S. Azzi Ali Kanso Ahmad Kobeissi Véronique Kazpard Bruno Lartiges antoine el samrani Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST) Faculty of Science Lebanese University Hadat Lebanon Geosciences Environment Toulouse University of Toulouse III Toulouse France Lebanses Agriculture Research Institute Fanar Lebanon

Cadmium (Cd), one of the most toxic heavy metals added to soil after phosphate fertilizer treatment, was investigated. The effects of this metal on morphological and physiological changes of Lactuca sativa were studied in addition to its partitioning in different parts of the crop. In parallel, Lactuca sativa was allowed to grow under hydroponic conditions with modifications of the Hoagland nutrient solution. This solution was submitted to five Cd concentrations, 0, 0.093, 0.186, 0.279 and 0.372 mg Cd/L and three P concentrations, 0, 299 and 1420 mg P/L. The study showed a positive effect of phosphorus on root elongation, surface area while cadmium inhibited plant growth and sometimes the death of the plants. Cadmium was found to be accumulated in roots while zinc was preferably accumulated in the leaves and stems. The increase of performance of Lactuca sativa under hydroponic condition and Hoagland contaminated solution with cadmium was found to be better than the ones grown in Cd amended soil with or without phosphorus.

关键词： Cadmium Fertilizers Hydroponic Lactuca sativa Phosphorus

Releases of phosphate fertilizer industry in the surrounding environment:Investigation on heavy metals and polonium-210 in soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1387-1397页

作者： M.Aoun A.G.el samrani B.S.Lartiges V.Kazpard Z.Saad Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission Lebanese University Faculty of SciencesPlatform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences Nancy University-LEM-ENSG/INPL-CNRS-15 Av.du Charmois

Distribution of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn concentrations and the activity of polonium-210 in the surrounding area of a phosphate fertilizer industry located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea has been determined. Nineteen sampling sites were distributed around the industrial zone on a surface area of about 100,000 m^2. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and Alpha spectroscopy were used to quantify the heavy elements and polonium-210, respectively. Investigation on a particle scale was conducted by TEM and SEM coupled to EDX and X-ray cartography to determine the nature of heavy elements carriers and their distribution. Heavy elements were mainly concentrated inside the particle size fraction 〈 50 μm. Their levels decreased with distance increasing from the industry. According to the reference soil, enrichment factors were about 10, 15, 32 and 100 times for Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cr, respectively inside the particle size fraction 〈 50 μm on the closest sites to the industry. The main contaminant sources were transport and storage of row materials and the free release of phosphogypsum waste. Heavy elements were entrapped inside agglomerates of sulfates, phosphates and iron oxihydroxides in a diffused shape. Polonium-210 with an enrichment factor of about 56, showed the same behavior of the spatial distribution of the trace elements.

关键词： heavy elements phosphogypsum fortilizer industry polonium-210 Alpha spectrometry

Gastric leaks post sleeve gastrectomy:Review of its prevention and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第38期20卷 13904-13910页

作者： antoine Abou Rached Melkart Basile Hicham el Masri Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology DivisionLebanese University Department of General Surgery Lebanese University

Gastric sleeve gastrectomy has become a frequent bariatric procedure. Its apparent simplicity hides a number of serious,sometimes fatal,complications. This is more important in the absence of an internationally adopted algorithm for the management of the leaks complicating this operation. The debates exist even regarding the definition of a leak,with several classification systems that can be used to predict the cause of the leak,and also to determine the treatment plan. Causes of leak are classified as mechanical,technical and ischemic causes. After defining the possible causes,authors went into suggesting a number of preventive measures to decrease the leak rate,including gentle handling of tissues,staple line reinforcement,larger bougie size and routine use of methylene blue test per operatively. In our review,we noticed that the most important clinical sign or symptom in patients with gastric leaks are fever and tachycardia,which mandate the use of an abdominal computed tomography,associated with an upper gastrointrstinal series and/or gastroscopy if no leak was detected. After diagnosis,the management of leak depends mainly on the clinical condition of the patient and the onset time of leak. It varies between prompt surgical intervention in unstable patients and conservative management in stable ones in whom leaks present lately. The management options include also endoscopic interventions with closure techniques or more commonly exclusion techniques with an endoprosthesis. The aim of this review was to highlight the causes and thus the prevention modalities and find a standardized algorithm to deal with gastric leaks post sleeve gastrectomy.

关键词： Gastrectomy Bariatric surgery Obesity Anastomotic leak Gastric fistula Algorithms Laparoscopy

Role of urine studies in asymptomatic febrile neutropenic patients presenting to the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2021年第2期12卷 99-104页

作者： Hady Zgheib Aline el Zakhem Cynthia Wakil Mohamad Ali Cheaito Rola Cheaito antoine Finianos Ralphe Bou Chebl Rima Kaddoura Nader Al Souky Imad el Majzoub Department of Emergency Medicine American University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirut 11-0236Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine American University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirut 11-0236Lebanon

BACKGROUND: The role of urine studies in the detection of urinary tract infection(UTI) in febrile neutropenic patients with urinary symptoms(having a urinary catheter or having a positive urine analysis) is inarguable. However, the evidence is scarce regarding the indication for urine studies in asymptomatic(i.e., without urinary symptoms) patients with febrile neutropenia(FN) presenting to the emergency department(ED). The aim of this study is to evaluate the need for obtaining urine studies in asymptomatic febrile neutropenic ***: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted on adult cancer patients who presented to the ED with FN and had no urinary symptoms. We included all ED presentations of eligible patients between January 2013 and September 2018. Student's t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for continuous data, while Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical data. Participants were divided into two groups based on their urine culture(UC) results: negative and positive UCs. Two cut-offs were used for positive UC results: ≥10~5 cfu/m L and ≥10~4 cfu/m ***: We included 284 patients in our study. The age of our patient population was 48.5±18.5 years. More than two-thirds(68.7%) of patients had severe neutropenia, while only 3.9% and 9.9% of the patients had positive UCs at ≥10~5 cfu/m L and ≥10~4 cfu/m L, respectively. UCs were expectedly positive in most patients with urinalysis(UA) abnormalities. However, 27.3% and 32.1% of patients with positive UCs at ≥10~5 cfu/m L and ≥10~4 cfu/m L respectively had a normal UA. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the incidence of UTI in adult febrile neutropenic cancer patients who present to the ED without urinary symptoms is low. Consequently, routine urine testing may not be warranted in this population, as it adds unnecessary financial burdens on the patients and delays timely management.

关键词： Adult Cancer Emergency department Febrile neutropenia Urine testing

Antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities in commercial and homemade pomegranate molasses in Lebanon

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Food Bioscience 2022年第2期46卷 338-345页

作者： Mira Bou Dargham Jocelyne Matar Boumosleh antoine Farhat Salwa Abdelkhalek elias Bou-Maroun Leina el Hosry Department of Nursing and Health Sciences Notre Dame University-LouaizeZouk MosbehLebanon Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services University of North TexasDentonTexasUSA Department of Health and Medical Sciences Khawarizmi International College Univ.Bourgogne Franche-Comt´e AgroSup DijonUMR A 02.102Proc´ed´es Alimentaires et MicrobiologiquesF-21000DijonFrance

Pomegranate fruit and its derived products are rich sources of bioactive *** have many biological *** molasses(PM)is a thick,traditional Middle Eastern syrup used in many recipes for Lebanese and international *** is a highly nutritious product which makes it of great *** purpose of this study was to assess the phytochemical composition,antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of homemade and commercial PM consumed in Lebanon using samples collected from households in rural areas(n=4)and the market(n=28).The objectives of this study were to determine their total phenolic content using the Follin-Ciocalteu method,their total flavonoid content using aluminum chloride method,their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging as well as ferrous ion chelating assays and their anti-diabetic activity usingα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities with acarbose,a known anti-diabetic drug,used as the standard *** PM samples exhibited a higher antioxidant activity than commercial samples,with the most active homemade PM sample having IC_(50)values of 0.09 mg/mL(DPPH radical scavenging assay)and 46.78%ferrous ion chelating assay).Homemade PM samples also showed higher anti-diabetic activity than commercial samples,with the most active homemade PM sample having an IC_(50)values of 0.63 mg/mL(α-amylase inhibitory activity)and of 0.41 mg/mL(α-glucosidase inhibitory activity)and being almost as active as acarbose with both enzymes(1.5 times).Significant inverse strong/moderate correlations were observed between total phenolic content/total flavonoid content and the IC_(50)value of DPPH radical scavenging assay,indicating positive associations between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant *** addition,significant negative moderate correlations were observed between total phenolic/flavonoid contents andα-amylase inhibitory activity,indicating positive associations between total phenoli

关键词： Pomegranate molasses Antioxidant activity Ferrous ion chelating assay Anti-diabetic activity α-amylase inhibitory assay α-glucosidase inhibitory assay

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis:Approach to diagnosis and management

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2016年第4期7卷 513-523页

作者： antoine Abou Rached Weam el Hajj Division of Gastro-enterology Department of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineLebanese University

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare and benign inflammatory disorder that predominantly affects the stomach and the small intestine. The disease is divided into three subtypes (mucosal, muscular and serosal) according to klein’s classification, and its manifestations are protean, depending on the involved intestinal segments and layers. Hence, accurate diagnosis of EGE poses a significant challenge to clinicians, with evidence of the following three criteria required: Suspicious clinical symptoms, histologic evidence of eosinophilic infiltration in the bowel and exclusion of other pathologies with similar findings. In this review, we designed and applied an algorithm to clarify the steps to follow for diagnosis of EGE in clinical practice. The management of EGE represents another area of debate. Prednisone remains the mainstay of treatment; however the disease is recognized as a chronic disorder and one that most frequently follows a relapsing course that requires maintenance therapy. Since prolonged steroid treatment carries of risk of serious adverse effects, other options with better safety profiles have been proposed; these include budesonide, dietary restrictions and steroid-sparing agents, such as leukotriene inhibitors, azathioprine, anti-histamines and mast-cell stabilizers. Single cases or small case series have been reported in the literature for all of these options, and we provide in this review a summary of these various therapeutic modalities, placing them within the context of our novel algorithm for EGE management according to disease severity upon presentation.

关键词： Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis Diagnosis Management Algorithm Review

Multi-user Motion JPEG2000 over wireless LAN: run-time performance-energy optimization with application-aware cross-layer scheduling

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第Z1期7卷 151-158页

作者： POLLIN Sofie LENOIR Gregory LAFRUIT Gauthier DEJONGHE antoine CATTHOOR Francky Interuniversity Microelectronics Center Kapeldreef 75 Leuven 3001Belgium Department of Electrical EngineeringK.U.LeuvenESAT/INSYSBelgium Interdisciplinary Institute for Broadband TechnologyGent-Ledeberg B-9050 Belgium Interuniversity Microelectronics Center Kapeldreef 75 Leuven 3001Belgium Interdisciplinary Institute for Broadband TechnologyGent-Ledeberg B-9050Belgium Interuniversity Microelectronics Center Kapeldreef 75 Leuven 3001Belgium Interuniversity Microelectronics Center Kapeldreef 75 Leuven 3001Belgium Department of Electrical EngineeringK.U.LeuvenESAT/INSYSBelgium

This paper introduces a video application-aware cross-layer framework for joint performance-energy optimization,considering the scenario of multiple users upstreaming real-time Motion JPEG2000 video streams to the access point of a WiFi wireless local area network and extends the PHY-MAC run-time cross-layer scheduling strategy that we introduced in (Mangharam et al., 2005; Pollin et al., 2005) to also consider congested network situations where video packets have to be dropped. We show that an optimal solution at PHY-MAC level can be highly suboptimal at application level, and then show that making the cross-layer framework application-aware through a prioritized dropping policy capitalizing on the inherent scalability of Motion JPEG2000 video streams leads to drastic average video quality improvements and inter-user quality variation reductions of as much as 10 dB PSNR, without affecting the overall energy consumption requirements.

关键词： Performance-energy optimization, Application-aware scheduling, Motion JPEG2000, WLAN multi-user transmission

Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in hemodialysis patients in Lebanon

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第1期5卷 101-107页

作者： antoine Abou Rached Lara el Khoury Talal el Imad Abdallah S Geara Josette Jreijiry Walid Ammar National Hepatitis Program Ministry of Public HealthBeirut 1106 9800Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyLebanese UniversityBeirut 2903 1308Lebanon Faculty of Medical Sciences Lebanese UniversityBeirut 2903 1308Lebanon School of Medicine West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506-9100United States Ministry of Public Health Beirut 1106 9800Lebanon

AIM： To determine the incidence and the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infections in patients on hemodialysis （HD） across ***： We reviewed the data registry at the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health where records of monthly hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） and hepatitis C virus （HCV） serology are reported from 60 affiliated HD centers across Lebanon. All patients who were on HD or who started HD between October 2010 and July 2012 were included in the study. Patients from seven HD centers were excluded due to inadequate and incomplete results reporting. During the selected period, HBsAg and HCV serology were available for 3769 patients from 53 HD centers distributed at all Lebanese governorates. The prevalence was calculated by dividing the number of patients with positive HBsAg or HCV serology to the total number of patients. The Incidence was calculated by dividing the number of newly acquired infection to number of patients-years （p-y）. Incidence rates at different governorates were compared to each other using two tailed Z test and a P value of 〈 0.05 was considered ***： Sixty out of 3769 HD patients were found to have positive HBS Ag and 177 out of 3769 were positive for HCV Antibodies. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus （HBV） and HCV in HD patients across Lebanon was 1.6%, and 4.7%, respectively. The comparison of prevalence according to geographic distribution could not be done accurately due to the frequent shift of patients between dialysis centers at different governorates. The incidence rate was 0.27 per 100 p-y for HBV and 0.37 per 100 p-y for HCV. There was no signifcant difference concerning the incidence of HBV between HD centers at different governorates （all P values 〉 0.1）, but this difference was highly significant concerning the incidence rates of HCV which occurred predominantly in the southern centers （1.47 per 100 p-y） with a P value of 0.00068 and 0.00374 when compared to Mount Lebanon （0.21 per 100 p-y

关键词： Hemodialysis Prevalence Hepatitis C virus Incidence Hepatitis B virus Lebanon