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changes in reproductive investment with altitude in an alpine plant

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第3期2卷 125-134页

作者： Yann Hautier christophe F.Randin Jurg Stocklin antoine Guisan Department of Ecology and Evolution University of LausanneBaˆtiment BiophoreCH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland Institute of Botany University of BaselSchoenbeinstrasse 6CH-4056 BaselSwitzerland Present address:Institute of environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims In perennial species,the allocation of resources to reproduction results in a reduction of allocation to vegetative growth and,therefore,impacts future reproductive *** a consequence,variation in this trade-off is among the most important driving forces in the life-history evolution of perennial plants and can lead to locally adapted *** addition to genetic variation,phenotypic plasticity might also contribute to local adaptation of plants to local conditions by mediating changes in reproductive *** on the importance of genetic and environmental effects on the tradeoff between reproduction and vegetative growth is therefore essential to understand how plants may respond to environmental *** We conducted a transplant experiment along an altitudinal gradient from 425to1921 min the frontrange of the Western Alps of Switzerland to assess the influence of both altitudinal origin of populations and altitude of growing site on growth,reproductive investment and local adaptation in Poa *** findings In our study,the investment in reproduction increased with plant *** growth and the relative importance of reproductive investment decreased in populations originating from higher altitudes compared to populations originating from lower *** changes in reproductive investment were mainly explained by differences in plant *** contrast to genetic effects,phenotypic plasticity of all traits measured was low and not related to *** a result,the population from the lowest altitude of origin performed best at all *** results indicate that in *** genetic differences in growth and reproductive investment are related to local conditions affecting growth,*** competition and soil moisture content.

关键词： Poa alpina transplantation altitudinal gradient genetic diversity phenotypic plasticity

tuning the properties of confined water in standard and lybrid nanotubes： An infrared spectroscopic study

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Nano Research 2018年第9期11卷 4759-4773页

作者： Yuanyuan Liao Pierre Picot Maxime Laine Jean-Blaise Brubach Pascale Roy antoine Thill Sophie Le Caer LIONS NIMBE UMR 3685 CEA CNRS Universite Paris-Saclay CEA Saclay Bt. 546 F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France Synchrotron SOLEIL AILES Beamline L'Orme des Mefisier Saint-Aubin BP 48 F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France

Imogolite is a natural nanotubular aluminum silicate clay mineral found in volcanic soils. Its well-defined, tunable structure makes it a good candidate for studying water confinement in a one-dimensional （1D） structure. Water confinement in self-sustaining imogolite thin films was studied using infrared spectroscopy. Two types of synthetic imogolites were investigated： pristine imogolite （IMO-OH） with a hydrophilic inner surface covered with Si-OH groups and hybrid imogolite （IMO-ch3） with a hydrophobic inner surface covered with Si-ch3 groups. Both imogolites have an outer surface that is covered with Al-OH groups. Infrared spectra were recorded in the 20-4,000 cm^-1 spectral range as a function of relative humidity. Analysis of the O-H stretching band provides information on the H bonding of confined water molecules inside and outside the IMO-OH tubes. The scenario for water filling as a function of relative humidity is determined for both systems. Adsorption begins in the IMO-OH tubes at the lowest relative humidity （〈 10%）. The inner surface of the tubes is first covered with water molecules; then, the central part of the tubes is filled, leading to very strong H bonds and a structured spectrum. In contrast, the H bonds of water adsorbed on the outer surfaces of these tubes are weaker. A different scenario is observed for water inside IMO-ch3： Weakly H-bonded water molecules are present, similar to that observed in carbon nanotubes. Water confinement in imogolites is governed by the hydrophilicity of the inner walls. At similar partial pressures, the degree of H bonding depends on the interactions between water and the nanotube wall.

关键词： imogolite nanotubes confinement infrared spectroscopy water isotherms hydrophilic hydrophobic

Plant functional and phylogenetic turnover correlate with climate and land use in the Western Swiss Alps

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第5期7卷 439-450页

作者： charlotte Ndiribe Loïc Pellissier Anne Dubuis Pascal Vittoz Nicolas Salamin antoine Guisan Department of Ecology and Evolution University of LausanneBiophore BuildingUnil-SorgeVaudLausanne CH-1015Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics GenopodeLausanne CH-1015Switzerland The Arctic Research Centre Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics GeopolisUniversity of LausanneLausanne CH-1015Switzerland

Aims Understanding the relative importance of historical and environ-mental processes in the structure and composition of communities is one of the longest quests in ecological ***,researchers are relying on the functional and phylogeneticβ-diversity of natural communities to provide concise explanations on the mechanistic basis of community assembly and the drivers of trait variation among *** present study investigated how plant functional and phylogeneticβ-diversity change along key environmental and spatial gradients in the Western Swiss *** Using the quadratic diversity measure based on six functional traits-specific leaf area,leaf dry matter content,plant height,leaf carbon content,leaf nitrogen content and leaf carbon to nitrogen content alongside a species-resolved phylogenetic tree-we relate variations in climate,spatial geographic,land use and soil gradients to plant functional and phylogenetic turnover in mountain commu-nities of the Western Swiss *** Findings Our study highlights two main ***,climate and land-use factors play an important role in mountain plant community ***,the overlap between plant functional and phy-logenetic turnover along these gradients correlates with the low phylogenetic signal in traits,suggesting that in mountain land-scapes,trait lability is likely an important factor in driving plant community ***,we demonstrate the importance of climate and land-use factors in plant functional and phyloge-netic community turnover and provide valuable complementary insights into understanding patterns ofβ-diversity along several ecological gradients.

关键词： ecological gradients functional and phylogeneticβ-diversity plant community turnover Rao’s quadratic entropy index(Q) Western Swiss Alps

Volumetric helical additive manufacturing

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2023年第2期4卷 48-56页

作者： antoine Boniface Florian Mattre Jorge Madrid-Wolff christophe Moser Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland

3D printing has revolutionized the manufacturing of volumetric components and structures for various *** to the advent of photocurable resins,several fully volumetric light-based techniques have been recently developed to push further the current limitations of 3D *** fast,this new generation of printers cannot fabricate objects whose typical size exceeds the centimeter without severely affecting the final *** on tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing,we propose a method for volumetric helical additive manufacturing(VHAM)multi-cm scale structures without magnifying the projected *** consists of illuminating the photoresist while the latter follows a helical *** movement allows to increase the printable object’s ***,we off-center the modulator used for projecting the light patterns to double the object’s lateral *** demonstrate experimentally the interest of using these two tricks for printing larger objects(up to 3 cm×3 cm×5 cm)with fine details(650μm)and short print time(<10 min).

关键词： Volumetric additive manufacturing Photolithography Light-based 3D printing Tomography

Amenability and the Extension Property

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第19期5卷 2945-2951页

作者： antoine Derighetti EPFL SB-DO MA A1 354 Station 8 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Let G be a locally compact group, H a closed amenable subgroup and u an element of the Herz Figà-Talamanca algebra of H with compact support, we prove the existence of an extension of u to G, with a good control of t... 详细信息

关键词： Convolution Operators Locally Compact Groups Abstract Harmonic Analysis Amenable Groups

Assessment of ch4 and C 2 surface emissions from Polesgo’s landfill(Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso) based on static chamber method

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Advances in Climate change Research 2019年第3期10卷 181-191页

作者： Kayaba HARO Issoufou OUARMA Bernard NANA antoine BERE Guy christian TUBREOUMYA Sie Zacharie KAM Patricia LAVILLE Benjamin LOUBET Jean KOULIDIATI Laboratoire de Physique et de chimie de I'Environnement Universite Joseph Kl-ZERBOOuagadougou03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso INRA AgroParisTech VMR ECOSYSThiverval-GrignonF-78850France Institut des Sciences Ouagadougou01 BP 1757 Ouagadougou 01Burkina Faso

Methane (ch4) and carbon dioxide (C02) surface emissions from Polesgo's landfill (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso) were measured using the static chamber technique in 2017 and 2018. The Polesgo's landfill was composed of four zones: Phase I, II, Phase III, and SP. The surface of Phase I was fully covered and its conditions are better for surface emission measurements. As results concerning the Phase I zone, the geospatial means flux rates of ch4 (657 mg m-2 h l in 2017 and 1210 mg m 2 h_, in 2018, respectively) are measured higher than the tolerable value reported in literature. The emitted ch4 or C 02 have permitted to locate higher surface emissions which are related to the cover state. The calculated gas collection efficiency (27.4% in 2017 and 23.0% in 2018) is low compared to those reported for landfills integrating landfill gas (LFG) extraction system. The carbon footprint calculations (24,966 tC02-eq 2017 and 40,025 tC02-eq in 2018, respectively) shown that Polesgo's landfill is a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHG) and its important potential for organic recovery can contribute to reduce the carbon footprint.

关键词： Municipal solid waste landfilling ch4 C 02 Collection efficiency Static chamber method Carbon footprint

Estimation of Landfill Gas and Its Renewable Energy Potential from the Polesgo Controlled Landfill Using First-Order Decay (FOD) Models

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第10期15卷 975-993页

作者： Haro Kayaba Ouarma Issoufou Dabilgou Téré Compaore Abdoulaye Sanogo Oumar Bere antoine Koulidiati Jean Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies Laboratoire des Systmes dEnergies Renouvelable et Environnement-Gnie Mcanique et Industriel (CNRST/IRSAT/LASERE-GMI) Ouagadougou Le Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et de chimie de LEnvironnement Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Le Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Banfora Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Le Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Ziniar Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Le Burkina Faso

Methane generation in landfills and its inadequate management represent the major avoidable source of anthropogenic methane today. This paper models methane production and the potential resources expected (electrical energy production and potential carbon credits from avoided ch4 emissions) from its proper management in a municipal solid waste landfill located in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The modeling was carried out using two first-order decay (FOD) models (LandGEM V3.02 and SWANA) using parameters evaluated on the basis of the characteristics of the waste admitted to the landfill and weather data for the site. At the same time, production data have been collected since 2016 in order to compare them with the model results. The results obtained from these models were compared to experimental one. For the simulation of methane production, the SWANA model showed better consistency with experimental data, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.59 compared with the LandGEM model, which obtained a coefficient of 0.006. Thus, despite the low correlation values linked to the poor consistency of experimental data, the SWANA model models methane production much better than the LandGEM model. Thus, despite the low correlation values linked to the poor consistency of the experimental data, the SWANA model models methane production much better than the LandGEM V3.02 model. It was noted that the poor consistency of the experimental data justifies these low coefficients, and that they can be improved in the future thanks to ongoing in situ measurements. According to the SWANA model prediction, in 27 years of operation a biogas plant with 33% electrical efficiency using biogas from the Polesgo landfill would avoid 1,340 GgCO2e. Also, the evaluation of revenues due to electricity and carbon credit gave a total revenue derived from methane production of US$27.38 million at a cost of US$10.5/tonne CO2e.

关键词： First-Order Decay Methane Modeling Landfill Renewable Energy

Relationship between clinical remission of perianal fistulas in Crohn’s disease and serum adalimumab concentrations:A multicenter cross-sectional study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第9期28卷 961-972页

作者： Laura Sirmai Anne-Laure Pelletier Nathalie Gault Camille Zallot Guillaume Bouguen Dominique Bouchard Pascale Roland Nicaise Marine Peyneau Sandrine Sironneau Marcelo De Carvalho Bittencourt antoine Petitcollin Pedro Fernandez Xavier Roblin Laurent Siproudhis Laurent Abramowitz Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Bichat Claude Bernard University HospitalParis 75018France Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology Hospital Croix Saint SimonParis 75020France Division of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital Center BichatParis 75018France National Institute of Health and Medical Research CIC-EC1425 University Hospital Center BichatParis 75018France Division of Gastroenterology Nancy Regional and University Hospital CenterNancy 54035France Imphy CIC 1414 Group and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of RennesPontchaillouRennes 35033France Division of Proctology Hospital BagatelleTalence 33400France Division of Immunology University Hospital Center BichatParis 75018France Inflammation Microbiome and ImmunosurveillanceFaculty of PharmacyUniversitéParis-SaclayChâtenay-Malabry 92290France Division of Radiology Bagatelle Hospital CenterTalence 33400France Division of Immunology Nancy Regional and University Hospital CenterNancy 54000France University of Lorraine CNRS UMR 7365IMoPANancy 54000France Antoine Petitcol Department of Clinical and Biological Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Information CenterRennes University HospitalRennes 35700France Division of Radiology University Hospital Center BichatParis 75018France Orangerie Center Le Perreux-sur-Marne 94170France Division of Gastroenterology CHU Saint EtienneSaint-Priest-en-Jarez 42270France Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Proctology University Hospital Center BichatParis 75018France Ramsay GDS Clinique Blomet Paris 75018France

BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)is complicated by perianal fistulas in approximately 20%of *** permanent fistula closure remains a challenge for *** association between serum anti-tumor necrosis factor-αconcentrations and clinical outcomes in patients with CD has been demonstrated;however,little information is available on serum adalimumab(ADA)concentrations and remission of perianal fistulas in such *** To study the relationship between serum ADA concentrations and clinical remission of CDassociated perianal *** This cross-sectional study of patients with CD-associated perianal fistulas treated with ADA was performed at four French hospitals between December 2013 and March *** the time of each serum ADA concentration measurement,we collected information about the patients and their *** primary study endpoint was clinical remission of fistulas defined as the absence of drainage(in accordance with Present’s criteria),with a PDAI≤4,absence of a seton and assessment of the overall evaluation as favorable by the proctologist at the relevant *** also assessed fistula healing[defined as being in clinical and radiological(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)remission]and adverse *** The study cohort comprised 34 patients who underwent 56 evaluations(patients had between one and four evaluations).Fifteen patients had clinical remissions(44%),four of whom had healed fistulas on *** ADA concentrations were significantly higher at evaluations in which clinical remission was identified than at evaluations in which it was not[14(10-16)vs 10(2-15)μg/mL,P=0.01].Serum ADA concentrations were comparable at the times of evaluation of patients with and without healed fistulas[11(7-14)vs 10(4-16)μg/mL,P=0.69].The adverse event rate did not differ between different serum ADA *** We found a significant association between high serum ADA concentrations and clinical remission of CD-associated

关键词： Crohn’s disease Clinical pharmacology Peri-anal disorders Adalimumab