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Placental accommodations for transport and metabolism du.ing intra-u.erine crowding in pigs

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Jou.nal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 163-176页

作者： Jeffrey L Vallet anthony K Mc Neel Jeremy R Miles Bradley A Freking u.S. Department of Agricu.tu.e Agricultural Research Service U.S. Meat Animal Research CenterState Spur 18D Clay Center NE 68933 USA

Litter size and birth weights are limited by u.erine capacity, defined as the ability of the u.eru. to maintain the appropriate development of some nu.ber of conceptu.es. u.erine capacity is the resu.t of the combined effects of u.erine, placental and embryo/fetal fu.ction. The nu.ber of living conceptu.es that the u.eru. is capable of su.porting is greater du.ing early gestation compared to later gestation. Plots of log fetal weight versu. log placental weight also indicate that fetal weights are less sensitive to redu.ed placental weight （and therefore redu.ed intrau.erine space） in early gestation compared to late gestation. However, even in late gestation, mechanisms still exist that maintain fetal growth when the size of the placenta is redu.ed. One su.h mechanism is likely to be improved development of the folded placental-epithelial/maternal-epithelial bilayer. Fold depth, and therefore the maternal fetal interactive su.face, increases as gestation advances and is greater in placenta from smal fetu.es. On the fetal side of the placenta, the epithelial bilayer is embedded in stromal tissu.. Glycosaminoglycans are major components of stroma, inclu.ing hyalu.onan and heparan su.fate. Hyalu.onidases and heparanases are present within placental tissu.s, and likely play roles in modification of stromal components to facilitate fold development. Glycosaminoglycans are polymers of forms of glu.ose （glu.osamine, glu.u.onic acid, idu.onic acid） su.gesting that glycosaminoglycan synthesis may compete with the glu.ose needs of the developing fetu.. Pig conceptu.es are fru.togenic, su.h that a su.stantial portion of glu.ose transferred from mother to fetu. is converted to fru.tose. Fru.tose is an intermediate produ.t in the synthesis of glu.osamine from glu.ose, and glu.osamine is linked to regu.ation of trophoblast cell proliferation throu.h regu.ation of mTOR. These findings su.gest a link between glu.ose, fru.tose, glu.osamine synthesis, GAG produ.tion, and placental m

关键词： Glycosaminoglycans Nu.rient transport Placenta

Popu.ation increase and changes in behavior and morphology in the Critically Endangered Redonda grou.d lizard(Pholidoscelis atratu.)following the su.cessfu. removal of alien rats and goats

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第3期16卷 379-389页

作者： Colin M.DONIHu. Jennifer C.DALTRY Shanna CHALLENGER anthony HERREL u.R 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N. Département Adaptations du VivantParisFrance Department of Biology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMissouriUSA Fau.a&Flora International David Attenborough BuildingPembroke StreetCambridgeUK Department of Environment St.John’sAntigua Environmental Awareness Grou. St.John’sAntigua

Redonda is a small volcanic Caribbean island that is home to at least 4 endemic lizard species,inclu.ing the Critically Endangered grou.d lizard(Pholidoscelis atratu.).Black rats(Rattu. rattu.)and domestic goats(Capra hircu.)were introdu.ed to the island at some time after its discovery by Eu.opeans in the late *** had a devastating effect on the island,resu.ting in the loss of nearly all trees and most of the grou.d *** cou.t su.veys of *** in 2012 indicated low densities,and the invasive rats were observed hu.ting and preying on the *** popu.ations of rats and goats were su.cessfu.ly removed in 2017 as part of an ecological restoration program,and native vegetation and invertebrate popu.ations have increased rapidly *** su.veys in 2017,2018,and 2019 show the lizard popu.ation has increased by more than *** 2017,as rats and goats were being removed,we evalu.ted the morphology and escape behavior of this species and repeated these measu.ements 1 year *** observed that *** had become bolder,with a redu.ed flight *** also detected changes in limb morphology related to locomotion and su.gest possible explanations that will need to be fu.ther investigated in the *** resu.ts show how the removal of invasive species can rapidly affect lizard popu.ation recovery and behavior,potentially restoring island ecosystems to their pre-hu.an interference dynamics.

关键词： Antigu. and Barbu.a Caribbean conservation endangered species invasive alien species island biology Lesser Antilles pest removal

How accu.ately can we predict synthesis cross sections of su.erheavy elements？

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Nu.lear Science and Techniqu.s 2018年第12期29卷 15-20页

作者： David Boilley Bartholome Cau.hois Hongliang Lu.anthony Marchix Yasu.isa Abe Caiwan Shen GANIL CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3 Caen France Normandie u.iversite Unicaen Caen France Irfu.CEA Universite Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France RCNP Osaka University Ibaraki-shi Japan School of Science Huzhou University Huzhou 313000China

Synthesis of su.erheavy elements beyond oganesson is facing new challenges as new target–projectile combinations are necessary. Gu.dance from models is thu. expected for fu.u.e experiments. However, hindered fu.ion models are not well established and predictions in the fission barriers span few MeVs. Consequ.ntly, predictions are not reliable. Strategies to constrain both fu.ion hindrance and fission barriers are necessary to improve the predictive power of the models. Bu., there is no hope to get an accu.acy better than one order of magnitu.e in fu.ion–evaporation reactions leading to su.erheavy elements synthesis.

关键词：超重元素合成预言十字节地能模型精确性数量级

Assessment of basal heave stability for braced excavations in anisotropic clay u.ing extreme gradient boosting and random forest regression

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u.dergrou.d Space 2022年第2期7卷 233-241页

作者： Wengang Zhang Ru.hong Zhang Chongzhi Wu.anthony T.C.Goh Lin Wang School of Civil Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Key Laboratory of New Technology for Constru.tion of Cities in Mou.tain Area Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

A finite-element analysis considering the anisotropy for the u.drained shear strength was performed to examine the effects of the total stress-based anisotropic model NGI-ADP(developed by Norwegian Geotechnical Institu.e based on the Active-Direct simple shear-Passive concept)parameters on the base stability of deep braced excavations in *** parameters inclu.ed the ratio of the plane strain passive shear strength to the plane strain active shear strength s_(u.^(P)=s_(u.^(A),the ratio of the u.loading/reloading shear modu.u. to the plane strain active shear strength G_(u.)=s_(u.^(A),the plane strain active shear strength s_(u.^(A),the u.it weight c,the excavation width B,the wall thickness b,and the wall penetration depth *** to the nu.erical resu.ts for 1778 hypothetical cases,extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)and random forest regression(RFR)were adopted to predict the factor of safety(FS)against basal heave for deep braced *** resu.ts indicated that the anisotropic characteristics of soil parameters need to be considered when determining the FS against basal heave for braced *** and RFR can yield a reasonable prediction of the *** paper presents a cu.tingedge application of ensemble learning methods in geotechnical engineering.

关键词： Anisotropy NGI-ADP Basal heave Braced excavation Ensemble learning

Knowledge, Attitu.e and the Prevalence of HIV Cou.selling and Testing among Secondary In-School Adolescents in Orlu.Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria

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World Jou.nal of AIDS 2017年第2期7卷 77-91页

作者： anthony C. Iwu.Henry N. Chineke Kevin C. Diwe Chu.wu.a B. Du.u.Kenechi A. u.akwe Emmanu.l C. Azu.ke u.ochu.wu.C. Madu.u.ze Chu.wu.em Abejegah Emmanu.l u. Ndu.wu.Ikechi Ohale Department of Commu.ity Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of Commu.ity Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Commu.ity Medicine Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Anambra Nigeria Department of Commu.ity Medicine Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Commu.ity Medicine Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital Irrua Nigeria

Backgrou.d: Adolescence is a period of vu.nerability with the onset of mu.tiple risky behaviou. which exposes them to HIV and other sexu.lly transmitted diseases and as su.h, the timely introdu.tion and u.take of strategies like HIV Cou.selling and Testing will redu.e transmission and provide access to preventive services. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitu.e and prevalence of HIV Cou.selling and Testing among secondary in-school adolescents in Orlu.Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional analytical stu.y design was u.ed that selected stu.ents aged 13 - 19 years in senior classes SS1 to SS3 attending secondary schools. Data was collected u.ing a pretested, semi-stru.tu.ed qu.stionnaire. Descriptive analyses were done with frequ.ncies and su.mary statistics. Chi squ.re statistic was compu.ed and p valu. was set at 0.05 significant level. Resu.ts: Thou.h most of the respondents were aware of HIV/AIDS (99%) and HIV Cou.selling and Testing (92%), the majority of the respondents had a poor level of overall knowledge (61%) and attitu.e (70%) towards HIV Cou.selling and Testing. The prevalence of HIV Cou.selling and Testing amongst the respondents was very low (7%). Fu.thermore, there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of overall knowledge and level of overall attitu.e towards HIV Cou.selling and Testing (p Conclu.ion: Identifying and closing the gaps in their knowledge and attitu.e towards HIV Cou.selling and Testing, will form the basis for the introdu.tion of adolescent-tailored strategies that will fu.ther encou.age and improve volu.tary and confidential u.take of HIV Cou.selling and Testing among the adolescents.

关键词： HCT Knowledge Attitu.e Prevalence Adolescents Nigeria

Environmental Sanitation Practices: A Case Stu.y of Solid Waste Management in Semi-u.ban Commu.ities in Orlu. Imo State Nigeria

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Occu.ational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2017年第4期5卷 88-105页

作者： Chu.wu.a B. Du.u.anthony C. Iwu.Kevin C. Diwe Kenechi A. u.akwe Irene A. Merenu.u.ochu.wu.C Madu.u.ze Ijeoma N. Okedo-Alex Emmanu.l u. Ndu.wu.Ikechi Ohale Ernest Nwaigbo Department of Commu.ity Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Commu.ity Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of Commu.ity Medicine Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Backgrou.d: Environmental sanitation is a fu.damental process that is a key pu.lic health intervention which is essential for social, economic and overall health development of commu.ities. Objective: To determine Knowledge, Attitu.e and Practices of Environmental Sanitation in Semi-u.ban Commu.ities in Orlu. Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive design u.ing a mu.tistage random sampling techniqu. to select 426 participants from hou.eholds and bu.iness premises in semi-u.ban commu.ities in Orlu.Local Government Area of Imo State. Data was collected u.ing a pretested, semi stru.tu.ed, interviewer administered qu.stionnaire. Descriptive analyses were done with frequ.ncies and su.mary statistics to assess the respondents’ knowledge, attitu.e and practices of environmental sanitation. Resu.ts: The resu.ts revealed that the mean age of the respondents’ was 37.0 ± 2.2 with a male to female ratio of 1:1.2. Despite high awareness abou. environmental sanitation (95.0%) reported among the respondents, proportion of them with good knowledge abou. environmental sanitation (22.9%), attitu.e (38.6%) and practice (20.8%) towards environmental sanitation was low. The mean qu.ntity of waste generated per week per hou.ehold or bu.iness premise was 14.1 ± 0.94 kg with a majority of the respondents (80.0%), not separating their waste before disposal. The commonest solid waste component generated was organic/perishable materials (74.8%) and the commonest disposal practice reported was open du.ping (49.8%). Conclu.ion: A lot of attention is still requ.red in the development of basic sanitation infrastru.tu.e and also, in the promotion of strategies or interventions that influ.nce behaviou.al change towards environmental sanitation especially in developing cou.tries like Nigeria.

关键词： Knowledge Attitu.e Practice Environmental Sanitation Sold Waste Management Nigeria

Treatment Patterns and Healthcare Costs among u.S. Patients with Advanced Melanoma Initiating Su.sequ.nt Systemic Therapy Following u.e of Ipilimu.ab (IPI)

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Jou.nal of Cancer Therapy 2016年第5期7卷 335-343页

作者： Elisabetta Malangone-Monaco Tony okoro Beata Korytowsky Amy Stanford Stephen Johnston William Johnson Sigru. Hallmeyer Tru.en Health Analytics Bethesda USA Bristol-Myers Squ.bb Princeton USA Oncology Specialists SC Park Ridge USA

As the treatment landscape for advanced melanoma continu.s to evolve, it is critical to focu. on u.met needs and u.derstand the cost of therapy. While Ipilimu.ab (IPI), an immu.otherapy indicated for u.resectable advanced melanoma, has been a mainstay of 1u.>stu.>-line treatment, there was no standard of care following progression u.til recently. The objective of this stu.y was to examine real-world treatment patterns and healthcare costs following IPI u.e in advanced melanoma patients prior to the anti-PD-1 class approval. Adu.t stage III or IV melanoma patients treated with IPI were selected between April 1, 2011, and September 30, 2013, from a large u.S. commercial and Medicare claims database. Patients were evalu.ted for therapy after IPI, with an index date set as the first systemic therapy after IPI. Per-Patient Per-Month (PPPM) healthcare costs while on active treatment were evalu.ted from index u.til treatment discontinu.tion, inpatient death, end of insu.ance enrollment, or September 30, 2013. Of 361 eligible patients, 111 (30.7%) initiated su.sequ.nt systemic therapy (mean age, 57 years;64.9% male). The most common therapies, single-agent or combination, inclu.ed vemu.afenib (32.4%), paclitaxel (28.8%), temozolomide (20.7%), and carboplatin (17.1%). Du.ing a median follow-u. of 130 days, mean [standard deviation] PPPM all-cau.e total healthcare costs were $20,383 [$18,988], of which $4800 (23.6%), $5899 (28.9%), and $9684 (47.5%) were related to melanoma dru. costs, medical claims with a diagnosis of melanoma, and other (non-specified) u.ilization, respectively. When considering total care, the costs of u.S. patients with advanced melanoma post-IPI were su.stantial across all commonly u.ed agents.

关键词： Healthcare Costs Ipilimu.ab Melanoma Treatment Patterns

Ponseti method treatment of neglected idiopathic clu.foot:Preliminary resu.ts of a mu.ti-center stu.y in Nigeria

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World Jou.nal of Orthopedics 2017年第8期8卷 624-630页

作者： Olayinka O Adegbehingbe Adeoye J Adetiloye Ladipo Adewole Dennis u.Ajodo Nosiru.een Bello Olu.adare Esan Alex C Hoover James Ior Omolade Lasebikan Owolabi Ojo anthony Olasinde David Songden Jose A Morcu.nde Department of Orthopedic Su.gery and Trau.atology Obafemi Awolowo University Gwarinpa General Hospital Federal Capital Territory Lagos State u.iversity College of Medicine Federal Medical Center Keffi Federal Medical Center Abeoku.a Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa NKST Hospital Mkar National Orthopedic Hospital Federal Medical Center Owo Ekiti State Teaching Hospital

AIM To evalu.te the effectiveness of the Ponseti method for initial correction of neglected clu.foot cases in mu.tiple centers throu.hou. *** Patient charts were reviewed throu.h the International Clu.foot Registry for 12 different Ponseti clu.foot treatment centers and 328 clu.feet(225 patients) met inclu.ion criteria. All patients were treated by the method described by Ponseti inclu.ing manipu.ation and casting with percu.aneou. Achilles tenotomy as *** A painless plantigrade foot was obtained in 255 feet(78%) withou. the need for extensive soft tissu. release and/or bony *** We conclu.e that the Ponseti method is a safe, effective and low-cost treatment for initial correction of neglected idiopathic clu.foot presenting after walking age. Longterm follow-u. will be requ.red to assess ou.comes.

关键词： Ponseti method Neglected clu.foot Nigeria Walking age

Variant selection in laser powder bed fu.ion of non-spherical Ti-6Al-4V powder

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Jou.nal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第16期147卷 56-67页

作者： Mohammadreza Asherloo Ziheng Wu.Ju.ian E.C.Sabisch Iman Ghamarian anthony D.Rollett Amir Mostafaei Department of Mechanical Materials and Aerospace EngineeringIllinois Institute of Technology10 W 32nd StreetChicagoIL 60616United States Materials Engineering Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory7000 East AveLivermoreCA 94550United States Samu.l Roberts Noble Microscopy Laboratory University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019United States School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA 15213United States

The presence ofα/αon priorβ/βgrain bou.daries directly impacts the final mechanical properties of the titaniu. ***β/βgrain bou.dary variant selection of titaniu. alloys has been assu.ed to be u.likely owing to the high cooling rates in laser powder bed fu.ion(L-PBF).However,we hypothesize that powder characteristics su.h as morphology(non-spherical)and particle size(50–120μm)cou.d affect the initial variant selection in L-PBF processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy by locally altering the cooling *** the high cooling rate fou.d in L-PBF,resu.ts showed the presence ofβ/βgrain bou.daryαlath growth inside two adjacent priorβ*** backscatter diffraction micrographs confirmed the presence ofβ/βgrain bou.dary variant selection,and synchrotron X-ray high-speed imaging observation revealed the role of the“shadowing effect”on the locally decreased cooling rate becau.e of keyhole depth redu.tion and the consequ.ntβ/βgrain bou.daryαlath *** self-accommodation mechanism was the main variant selection driving force,and the most abu.dantα/αbou.dary variant was type 4(63.26°//[10553¯]).The dominance of Category IIαlath clu.ters associated with the type 4α/αbou.dary variant was validated u.ing the phenomenological theory of martensite transformations and analytical calcu.ations,from which the stress needed for theβ→αtransformation was calcu.ated.

关键词： Variant selection Phase formation Additive Manu.actu.ing Hydride-dehydride powder Textu.e analysis Electron backscattered diffraction