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Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)of China:the challenge of complexity in research

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第2期1卷 1-11页

作者： anthony m.fuller Qingwen min Wenjun Jiao Yanying Bai Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 China College of Humanities and Development Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China School of Environmental Design and Rural Development University of GuelphGuelphOntario N1H2W1 Canada

The challenge of researching Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)as complex systems forms the subject matter of this *** adaptive systems are those that combine natural ecological processes with human interactions to produce a mutually supportive agro-ecological *** China,these highly varied systems have the added dimension of long historical time,in that they have evolved over many centuries and thus add a historical dimension to the natural and human dimensions of *** preparing research on GIAHS,it is clear that seeing GIAHS sites as whole systems is an essential starting and ending *** the adaptive capacity of a GIAHS with its multiple scales and complex interdependencies is a major challenge for researchers accustomed to specialized disciplinary thinking.A GIAHS represents a mature agro-ecological system with human agency as a central component that has been honed over many centuries,and has already adapted to many perturbations and *** beauty of the GIAHS is in the integration of custom,knowledge,and practice,and it should be studied for its"wholeness"as well as for its resilience and capacity for"self organization."The agro-ecological approach opens the possibility of researching a system as a whole and of taking its complexity *** study reviews the essential features of the GIAHS as a complex adaptive system where uncertainty is normal and surprise is welcome and,in a case study of Qingtian rice–fish culture system,focuses on new perturbations,namely loss of young people and the introduction of tourism.

关键词： agro-ecology complex adaptive system Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS) Qingtian County,China rice–fish culture system self-organizing system tourism traditional ecological knowledge uncertainty

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Standards of Ecological Compensation for Traditional Ecoagriculture:Taking Rice-Fish System in Hani Terrace as an Example

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Journal of mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 1049-1059页

作者： LIU mou-cheng XIONG Yin YUAN Zheng mIN Qing-wen SUN Ye-hong anthony m.fuller Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of China Institute of Tourism Beijing Union University

Traditional eco-agriculture provides many ecosystem services which are important for the local environment, especially in mountain areas. In order to encourage the farmers to engage in coo-agriculture, it is necessary to establish an eco-compensation mechanism for them. As the compensation standard is one of key issues in establishing eeo-compensation mechanism, this paper calculated the standard based on the farmers＇ willingness to accept （WTA） and the input-output analysis of eco-compensation. We took the traditional rice-fish eco-agriculture as the research object, conducting field surveys in Hani Terrace of Honghe County. Through the questionnaires in 2o11, we obtained the farmers＇ willingness to accept government compensation and market compensation. Then, the research evaluated the output of eco-compensation, the economic value of rice-fish paddy ecosystem services. Finally, under different market compensation standards, we compared the input and output of government compensation. The results show that, in 2011 the government should to pay farmers 7462 ***^-1·a^-1 to meet their willingness, but the output （ecological benefit） was only 7393 ***^-1·a^-1. However, whenthe rice price increases 1 yuan·kg-1 because of the limited use of chemicals in the next year, the government just has to pay farmers 4062 ***^-1·a^-1 and the surplus will be 3331 ***^-1·a^-1.

关键词： Eco-compensation Eco-agriculture Ecosystem services Cultivation system Hani Terrace.

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Agricultural Heritage Systems Tourism： definition,characteristics and development framework

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Journal of mountain Science 2016年第3期13卷 440-454页

作者： TIAN mi mIN Qing-wen JIAO Wen-jun YUAN Zheng anthony m.fuller YANG Lun ZHANG Yong-xun ZHOU Jie CHENG Bing Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China School of Environmental Design and Rural Development University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1H2W1 Canada Administration of World Heritage in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture Mengzi 661100 China School of International Education and Exchange Guilin Tourism University Guilin 541000 China

Architectural heritage comprises one o the most important elements of mountain settlements in Greece. It holds high cultural value, represents the tangible continuation of the past and forms the unique character and identity of each mountain region. Yet, controversy regarding funding for its preservation often arises. In this paper, we used two Contingent Valuation surveys to estimate the socia benefit deriving from protecting the traditiona architecture in the mountainous village of Sirako and through it, to examine perceptions and attitudes o local residents and visitors. Research findings revealed a strong social will in favor of the good＇s protection followed by high percentages of positive willingness to pay（WTP）. However, WTP is significantly higher among residents. Cultura heritage value, of the good, appears to prevail, along with the environmental one. However, both residents and visitors pointed out that local heritage, if wellpreserved, will boost tourism development. Residents appeared to better recognize the true level o architectural decay, expressed higher apprehension for its protection and were willing to pay higher amount of money. Tourists, on the other side expressed high satisfaction for their visit, appreciated the beauty and serenity emerging from local built and natural environment and spent several days visiting the surrounding area. The longer they stayed and gotfamiliar with the village, the more willing they were to contribute to local heritage＇s protection. Percentages reflecting indifference for protecting architecture were extremely low. Yet, they were higher among tourists. Traditional architecture is considered as public good; an opinion resulting in an important percentage of visitors stating that national government should provide the necessary funding. In addition, the architecture appears to hold a high level of topicality. Those descending from Sirako or emotionally connected to it, of both social groups,turned out to be more co

关键词： Agricultural Heritage Systems Tourism Tourism perceptions Tourism characteristics Development framework Artisan farmers

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基于ESEF的水生态承载力:理论、模型与应用

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应用生态学报 2015年第4期26卷 1041-1048页

作者：焦雯珺闵庆文李文华 anthony m.fuller 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101

以流域综合管理为核心的水环境管理理念要求人们从更高的角度认识水生态系统相对于人类的承载能力.水生态承载力将水资源和水环境问题统一考虑,将社会经济发展与水生态系统联系起来,为实现流域综合管理提供了有力支撑.本文以基于生态系... 详细信息

以流域综合管理为核心的水环境管理理念要求人们从更高的角度认识水生态系统相对于人类的承载能力.水生态承载力将水资源和水环境问题统一考虑,将社会经济发展与水生态系统联系起来,为实现流域综合管理提供了有力支撑.本文以基于生态系统服务的生态足迹(ESEF)方法为基础,提出了基于ESEF的水生态承载力评估方法,构建了基于ESEF的水生态足迹与承载力模型,实现了足迹方法对水生态系统承载能力的有效表征;并建立了太湖流域水生态足迹与承载力模型,以流域上游城市常州市为例,评估了现状发展水平下水生态系统所能承载的人口与经济规模.结果表明:常州市对水生态系统服务的消费需求超出了水生态系统的供给能力,需求与供给的显著差距对水生态系统的可持续性造成影响;综合考虑水产品供给、水量支撑和水质保障3方面因素,常州市水生态系统可承载的人口与经济规模仅为现状水平的54%.

关键词：水生态承载力水生态足迹基于生态系统服务的生态足迹(ESEF) 太湖流域

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基于生态系统服务的生态足迹模型构建与应用

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资源科学 2014年第11期36卷 2392-2400页

作者：焦雯珺闵庆文李文华 anthony m.fuller 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101

生态足迹(EF)自提出以来得到了世界各国学者的广泛关注。然而,核算内容的不完整导致其无法全面衡量人类活动对生态系统造成的各种影响。本文完善了基于生态系统服务的生态足迹(ESEF)概念与通用模型,并拓展出基于资源供给和废弃物吸纳两... 详细信息

生态足迹(EF)自提出以来得到了世界各国学者的广泛关注。然而,核算内容的不完整导致其无法全面衡量人类活动对生态系统造成的各种影响。本文完善了基于生态系统服务的生态足迹(ESEF)概念与通用模型,并拓展出基于资源供给和废弃物吸纳两大类服务的足迹模型。案例研究则利用基于废弃物吸纳的足迹模型,对太湖流域上游常州市和湖州市水污染物排放的环境影响进行评估。研究表明,就水污染物吸纳而言,当地水环境处于不可持续状态;氮磷营养盐的累积对当地水环境造成的压力远远大于有机物。这些信息能够为当地水环境管理政策的制定提供参考。ESEF概念的提出与模型的建立,有助于实现足迹方法对人类活动影响的全面衡量,并推动足迹理论的进一步发展与完善。

关键词：基于生态系统服务的生态足迹(ESEF) 生态足迹(EF) 生态系统服务拓展模型基于废弃物吸纳的生态足迹水污染太湖流域

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基于ESEF的水生态承载力评估——以太湖流域湖州市为例

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长江流域资源与环境 2016年第1期25卷 147-155页

作者：焦雯珺闵庆文李文华 anthony m.fuller 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101

以基于生态系统服务的生态足迹(ESEF)为基础的水生态承载力评估方法,综合考虑了水量支撑、水质限定和水生态稳定三方面特征,从而实现了足迹方法对水生态系统承载能力的有效表征。然而,如何界定水产品、水资源和水污染足迹以及承载力之... 详细信息

以基于生态系统服务的生态足迹(ESEF)为基础的水生态承载力评估方法,综合考虑了水量支撑、水质限定和水生态稳定三方面特征,从而实现了足迹方法对水生态系统承载能力的有效表征。然而,如何界定水产品、水资源和水污染足迹以及承载力之间的关系,是目前研究的重点和难点。以太湖流域上游湖州市为例,探讨了在考虑或不考虑水质标准与环境功能分类的情况下,如何利用求并集法或求平均值法进行基于ESEF的水生态承载力评估。研究表明,两种方法均反映出湖州市人们对水生态系统服务的消费需求超出了当地水生态系统的供给能力,需求与供给之间的差距对当地水生态系统的可持续性造成影响。综合考虑水产品供给、水量支撑和水质保障三方面因素,湖州市水生态系统可承载的人口与经济规模为现状水平的95%;如果增加对水质标准和环境功能分类的考虑,则湖州市水生态系统的承载能力仅为现状水平的79%。虽然求并集法的计算结果更有说服力,但是求平均值法则提供了在更小尺度上研究的可能。

关键词：水生态承载力水生态足迹基于生态系统服务的生态足迹(ESEF) 水质标准与环境功能求平均法求并集法太湖流域

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Analyzing Environmental Stress Counter-measures in Agricultural Heritage Sites in China

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2014年第4期5卷 328-334页

作者：孙雪萍闵庆文白艳莹 anthony m.fuller 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049 圭尔夫大学环境设计与乡村发展学院

In recent years, with climate change, many agricultural systems are facing severe environmental stress, which are seriously threatening the food security and sustainable development of agricultural system. Although mainstream agro-system can effectively reduce the adverse agro-production effect rapidly by using modern technology, but many of them bring serious ecological crisis at the same time. For the sustainable development of agro-systems, the stress mitigation options must give full consideration to ecological protection. The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） sites, relying on its unique land use, water conservancy facilities, traditional crops, etc., form unique production system creating a better match with local natural conditions. Based on disaster mitigation system theory and practice, this paper analyzes environmental stress counter-measures of several GIAHS sites in China. The water requirement of milet, a drought-tolerant crop in Aohan Dryland Farming System （recognized as a GIAHS pilot site in 2012）, has a better match with local water conditions. By reducing vulnerability of crops, agriculture survived healthily in semi-arid regions. Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System （recognized as a GIAHS pilot site in 2010）, relying on the unique land and water use patterns, has successfully reshape disaster inducing environment, and effectively reduce the risk/effects of droughts. Besides, due to the high price, rich crop diversity and variety of income channel, the Agricultural Heritage sites can ensure the economic income and agro-system health when facing environmental stress. Stress counter-measures of traditional agricultural systems make full use of the regulation and spontaneity ability of the natural system, which is an important way to achieve sustainable development of ecological agriculture.

关键词： traditional agricultural systems environmental stress stress counter-measures ecological protection sustainable development GIAHS

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Typical Water-land Utilization GIAHS in Low-lying Areas:The Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem Example in China

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2014年第4期5卷 320-327页

作者：白艳莹孙雪萍田密 anthony m.fuller 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 圭尔夫大学环境设计与乡村发展学院

Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem is a raised ifeld agriculture system with typical water-land utilization. It was identiifed as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） site by FAO in April 2014. Based on a literature review and ifeld investigations, we analyzed the history and development, structure and characteristics, functions and values of the Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem in this research. The system has a long history, rich biodiversity, important ecosystem services, traditional adapted agricultural technologies and a folk culture. Altogether, these features form an attractive landscape created by its special water-land utilization. It also has great importance for the livelihood maintenance of the local people. However, the inheritance and conservation effort of Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem is facing great threats from modern agriculture, urbanization and labor loss. This paper wil provide insight into the Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem, and provide scientiifc support for the conservation and development of this special system. It will also provide a good example for similar areas in China and worldwide.

关键词： water-land utilization wetland agriculture raised ifeld GIAHS Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem

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Traditional Agroforestry Systems: One Type of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2014年第4期5卷 306-313页

作者：刘伟玮李文华刘某承 anthony m.fuller 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049 圭尔夫大学环境设计与乡村发展学院

As one kind of land use practice, traditional agroforestry systems already have a long history of hundreds of years in practice and still play a significant role in the world today, especially in tropical and sub-tropical areas. In this era of globalization and food in security, more and more governments and non-governmental organizations are paying attention to traditional agroforestry systems because of their economic, ecological and socio-culture beneifts. These beneifts are also in accord with the characteristics of Globaly Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS）. So far, four typical traditional agroforestry systems from five countries have been designated as GIAHS. These traditional agroforestry systems have rich agricultural and associated biodiversity, multiple ecosystem services and precious socio-culture values at a regional and global level. Although traditional agroforestry systems are confronted with many threats and challenges, such as population growth, migration, market impact, climate change and so on, as long as governments and non-governmental organizations, local communities and smallholders can cooperate with each other, traditional agroforestry systems will be effectively protected and wil remain in the future a sustainable global land use practice.

关键词： traditional agroforestry systems GIAHS agro-biological diversity ecosystem services socio-culture

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Effects of Andrade and Burgers rheologies on glacial isostatic adjustment modeling in Antarctica

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第5期15卷 429-440页

作者： Alexandre Boughanemi anthony mémin UniversitéCôte d'Azur CNRSObservatoire de la Côte d'AzurIRDGéoazur250 rue Albert EinsteinSophia Antipolis 06560 ValbonneFrance

Variations in ice mass deform the Earth and modify its gravity field,a process known as Glacial Isostatic Adjustment(GIA).GIA in Antarctica remains poorly constrained due to the cumulative effect of past and present ice-mass changes,the unknown history of the past ice-mass change,and the uncertainties on the mechanical properties of the *** paper investigates the effect of using Andrade and Burgers viscoelastic rheologies,rather than the commonly used maxwell rheology,to model GIA-induced deformation in *** Love number and Green's function formalism are used to compute the radial surface displacements and the gravity changes induced by the past and present ice-mass *** consider an Earth model whose elastic properties and radial structure are averaged from the Preliminary Reference Earth model and two viscosity profiles to account for the recently published results on the present ice-mass *** the three rheological laws affects the temporal response of the Earth differently,leading to smaller discrepancies than those induced by the two viscosity *** differences are the largest between maxwell and Burgers rheologies during the 100-1000 years following the beginning of the surface-mass *** show that using the Andrade and Burgers rheologies allows the Earth to respond on decennial to centennial time scales,up to 10 m more than *** only the recent ice-mass changes,the deformation rates derived from Burgers and Andrade rheologies are several times larger than those estimated by maxwell rheology.

关键词： GIA Antarctica modeling Rheology Displacement Viscosity GNSS

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