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Complementary Methods to Acquire the Kinematics of Swimming Snakes:A Basis to design Bio-inspired Robots

Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第2期20卷 668-682页

作者： Elie Gautreau Xavier Bonnet Tom fox Guillaume Fosseries Valéry Valle anthony Herrel Med Amine Laribi department of GMSC University of PoitiersISAE-ENSMACNRSPPRIME UPR 3346PoitiersFrance CEBC Center for Biological Studies of Chizé CNRS and University of la RochelleVilliers en BoisFrance MNHN National Museum of Natural History CNRSParisFrance

The vast diversity of morphologies,body size,and lifestyles of snakes represents an important source of information that can be used to derive bio-inspired robots through a biology-push and pull *** understanding of the detailed kinematics of swimming snakes is a fundamental prerequisite to conceive and design bio-inspired aquatic snake ***,only limited information is available on the kinematics of swimming *** and accurate methods are needed to fill this knowledge *** the present paper,three existing methods were compared to test their capacity to characterize the kinematics of swimming snakes.(1)Marker tracking(deftac),(2)Markerless pose estimation(deepLabCut),and(3)Motion capture were considered.(4)We also designed and tested an automatic video processing *** methods provided different albeit complementary data sets;they also involved different technical issues in terms of experimental conditions,snake manipulation,or processing *** tracking provided accurate data that can be used to calibrate other *** capture posed technical difficulties but can provide limited 3d *** pose estimation required deep learning(thus time)but was efficient to extract the data under various experimental ***,automatic video processing was particularly efficient to extract a wide range of data useful for both biology and robotics but required a specific experimental setting.

关键词： Locomotion Image processing Motion capture Kinematic analysis Snake robot Biomimicry deepLabCut

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Combining spatial modelling and radar to identify and protect avian migratory hot-spots

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 680-691页

作者： Mark dESHOLM Rashpal GILL Thomas BOVITH anthony d. fox department of Bioscience Aarhus University Kalo Grenavej 14 8410 Ronde Denmark BirdLife denmark Vesterbrogade 140 1620 Copenhagen V Denmark Research department Danish Meteorological Institute Lyngbyvej 100 2100 Copenhagen O Denmark

Migrating landbirds are known to follow coast lines and concentrate on peninsulas prior to crossing water bodies, especially during daylight but also at night, creating enhanced potential collision hazards with man-made objects. Knowing where these avian migration “hot-spots” occur in time and space is vital to improve flight safety and inform the spatial planning process (e.g. environmental assessments for offshore windfarms). We developed a simple spatial model to identify avian migration hot-spots in coastal areas based on prevailing migration orientation and coastline features known, from visual and radar observations, to concentrate migrating landbirds around land masses. Regional scale model validation was achieved by combining nocturnal passerine movement data gathered from two tier radar coverage (long-range dual-polarization doppler weather radar and short-range marine surveillance radar) and standardised bird ringing. Applied on a national scale, the model correctly identified the ten most important danish coastal hot-spots for spring migrants and predicted the relative numbers of birds that concentrated at each site. These bird numbers corresponded well with historical observational data. Here, we provide a potential framework for the establishment of the first three-dimensional avian airspace sanctuaries, which could contribute to more effective conservation of long-distance migratory birds.

关键词：鸟类保护区雷达识别迁徙空间建模多普勒天气雷达空间模型沿海地区海上风电场

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Wintering Swan Geese maximize energy intake through substrate foraging depth when feeding on buried Vallisneria natans tubers

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Avian Research 2019年第2期10卷 163-170页

作者： Yan Chen Yong Zhang Lei Cao Willem F.de Boer anthony d.fox School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academic of Sciences18 Shuangqing RoadBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Resource Ecology Group Wageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg3a6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityKalφGrenavej 148410 RφndeDenmark

Background: Foraging theory predicts that animals select patches that offer the highest net rate of energy gain. Hence, prey distribution patterns and spatiotemporal heterogeneity play important roles in determining animal feeding patch selection. For waterfowl foraging on buried aquatic plant tubers, the distribution and biomass of these plant organs vary with depth in the substrate. Since excavation costs also increase with depth, the energy intake of the animals foraging on these plants is highly sediment depth dependent. Methods: Here, using observations of Swan Geese (Anser cygnoides) foraging on Vallisneria natans tubers, we test our hypothesis that geese feeding on tubers buried at intermediate sediment depth maximize their daily energy intake because of the interaction between tuber size and abundance with depth. To do this, we measured the distribution patterns of buried Vallisneria tubers under both undisturbed conditions and post-exploitation by geese (i.e. giving-up conditions). We investigated the relationship between tuber size and burial depth, and total tuber biomass within each sediment layer in undisturbed and exploited plots. Finally, we compared modelled Swan Goose daily energy intake feeding on Vallisneria tubers buried at different sediment layers (1–10, 11–20 and 21–30 cm below the surface). Results: dry weight of Vallisneria tubers linearly increased with burial depth, while average total dry weight density of tubers showed a unimodal relationship, peaking at intermediate levels. Not surprisingly, Swan Geese foraged most intensively on tubers buried at intermediate sediment depths, where they maximize their daily energy intake. Our results support our hypothesis that Swan Geese feeding on tubers at intermediate depths maximize their daily energy intake. Conclusions: Our study is the first to quantify foraging strategies of Swan Geese during the wintering period, emphasizing the importance of plant traits on foraging selection of belowground f

关键词： Energetic trade-off Optimal foraging Shengjin Lake Substrate Tuber burial depth Yangtze River

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Climate change and contrasting plasticity in timing of a two-step migration episode of an Arctic-nesting avian herbivore

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Current Zoology 2014年第2期60卷 233-242页

作者： anthony d.vid.fox Mitch d.WEEGMAN Stuart BEARHOP GeoffM.HILTON Larry GRIFFIN david A.STROUd Alyn WALSH department of Bioscience Aarhus University Kalo Grenavej 14 DK-8410 Ronde Denmark Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Cornwall CampusTR10 9EZ UK Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust Slimbridge Gloucester GL2 7BT UK Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust Eastpark Farm Caerlaverock Dumfriesshire DGI 4RS UK Greenland White-fronted Goose Study c/o Spring Meadows Taylors Green Warmington Peterborough PE8 6TG UK National Parks and Wildlife Service Wexford Wildfowl Reserve North Slob Wexford Ireland

Greenland white-fronted geeseAnser albifrons flavirostriswintering in Britain and Ireland migrate over the sea for 700–1200 km to stage 3–5 weeks in Iceland in spring, continuing a similar distance over the sea and Greenland Ice Cap to West Greenland breeding grounds. during 1969 to 2012, the geese advanced the mean departure date from Ireland by 15 days, during which time also they attained threshold fat stores earlier as well as departing in fatter condition. Over that period, Iceland spring-staging geese shifted from consuming underground plant storage organs to grazing managed hayfields, which provide fresh grass growth despite sub-zero temperatures, when traditional natural foods are inaccessible in frozen substrates. In 2012 and 2013, geese arrived three weeks earlier to Iceland, in fatter condition and accumulated fat significantly slower than in 1997–1999 and 2007. Although geese accumulated sufficient fat stores earlier in Iceland in 2007, 2012 and 2013, they departed around the same date as in 1997–1999, prolonging spring staging by three weeks. Plasticity in winter departure dates is likely due to improved winter feeding conditions (enabling earlier departure in better condition) and a novel predictable food resource in Iceland. Greenland white-fronted geese attained threshold fat stores in Iceland earlier, but remained rather than departing earlier to Greenland. despite arriving earlier in Iceland, arrival dates on the breeding areas have not changed since the 1880s, presumably because of relatively constant cool springs and heavy snowfall in West Greenland during recent years.

关键词：可塑性草食动物气候变化迁移格陵兰岛鸟类筑巢北极

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Using accelerometry to compare costs of extended migration in an arctic herbivore

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 667-674页

作者： Mitch d. WEEGMAN Stuart BEARHOP Geoff M. HILTON Alyn J. WALSH Larry GRIFFIN Yehezkel S. RESHEFF Ran NATHAN anthony d.vid.fox Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Cornwall Campus Penryn TR109EZ UK Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Slimbridge Gloucester GL2 7BT UK National Parks and Wildlife Service Wexford Wildfowl Reserve North Slob Wexford Ireland Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Caerlaverock Wetland Centre Eastpark Farm Caerlaverock Durnfriesshire DG1 4RS UK department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel department of Bioscience Aarhus University Kale Grenavej 14 RФnde DK-8410 Denmark Present address: School of Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA.

Understanding how individuals manage costs during the migration period is challenging because individuals are difficult to follow between sites; the advent of hybrid Global Positioning System-acceleration (ACC) tracking devices enables researchers to link spatial and temporal attributes of avian migration with behavior for the first time ever. We fitted these devices on male Greenland white-fronted geese wintering at 2 sites (Loch Ken, Scotland and Wexford, Ireland) to understand whether birds migrating further during spring fed more on wintering and staging areas in advance of migration episodes. Although Irish birds flew significantly further (ca. 300 km) than Scottish birds during spring, their cumulative hours of migratory flight, flight speed during migration, and overall dynamic body ACC (i.e., a proxy for energy expenditure) were not significantly different. Further, Irish birds did not feed significantly more or expend significantly more energy in advance of migration episodes. These results suggest broad individual plasticity in this species, although Scottish birds arriving on breeding areas in Greenland with greater energy stores (because they migrated less) may be better prepared for food scarcity, which might increase their reproductive success.

关键词： Greenland white-fronted geese avian migration cost energy expenditure global positioning system–acceleration tracking devices individual decision-making proportion of time feeding

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Consistent habitat preference underpins the geographically divergent autumn migration of individual Mongolian common shelducks

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 355-362页

作者： Fanjuan MENG Xin WANG Nyambayar BATBAYAR Tseveenmyadag NATSAGdORJ Batmunkh dAVAASUREN Iderbat dAMB Lei CAo anthony dfox State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBejing 10085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejing 10049China Wildife Science and Conservation Center of Mongolia Undram Plaza 404 tootUlaanbaatar 210351Mongolia department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityKalsRande8410Denmark

While many avian populations follow narrow,well-defined"migratory corridors,"individuals from other populations undertake highly divergent individual migration routes,using widely dispersed stopover sites en route between breeding and wintering areas,although the reasons for these differences are rarely *** combined individual GPS-tracked migration data from Mongolian-breeding common shelduck Tadorna tadorna and remote sensing datasets,to in-vestigate habitat selection at inland stopover sites used by these birds during dispersed autumn migration,to explain their divergent migration *** used generalized linear mixed models to investigate population-level resource selection,and generalized linear models to investigate stopover-sit-level resource *** population-level model showed that water recurrence had the strongest positive effect on determining birds'occupancy at staging sites,while cultivated land and grassland land cover type had strongest negative effects;effects of other land cover types were negative but weaker,particularly effects of wwater seasonality and presence of a human foot-print,which were positive but weak or non-significant,*** stopover-site-level models showed variable resource selection patterns,the variance partitioning and cross-prediction AUC scores corroborated high inter-individual consistency in habitat selection at inland stopover sites during the dispersed autumn *** results suggest that the geographically wide-spread distribution(and generally rarity)of suitable habitats explained the spatially divergent autumn migrations of Mongolian breeding common shelduck,rather than the species showing flexible autumn staging habitat occupancy.

关键词： common shelducks habitat selection individual variation resource selection function

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在中国越冬的豆雁躲避与白额雁种间竞争所采取的策略

在中国越冬的豆雁躲避与白额雁种间竞争所采取的策略

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第十二届全国鸟类学术研讨会暨第十届海峡两岸鸟类学术研讨...

作者：赵美娟曹垒 fox anthony d. 中国科学技术大学生命学院奥胡斯大学生命科学学院

生态位相近的物种之间可能存在竞争关系,理解竞争的机制及其影响对预测种群动态和制定保护策略至关重要。近年来,在中国升金湖越冬的白额雁和豆雁的数量迅速增长,为了监测这两个物种之间是否存在竞争及两个物种可能采用的逃避策略,我们... 详细信息

生态位相近的物种之间可能存在竞争关系,理解竞争的机制及其影响对预测种群动态和制定保护策略至关重要。近年来,在中国升金湖越冬的白额雁和豆雁的数量迅速增长,为了监测这两个物种之间是否存在竞争及两个物种可能采用的逃避策略,我们对以下内容进行了研究:1)豆雁和白额雁数量的季节性变化;2)栖息地的利用;3)在两个物种共同利用的苔草滩涂上,比较两个物种在混群和不混群的情况觅食行为和食性组成的差别。研究结果显示,在大批豆雁和白额雁到达升金湖之后及大批雁群北迁之前期间,两个物种的数量呈相互"牵制"的趋势,表明种内竞争存在的可能性。豆雁和白额雁都主要利用苔草滩涂,在这种

关键词：数量变化重叠食物组成觅食

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大身材的优势:体型大小对三种越冬雁类能量平衡的影响

大身材的优势:体型大小对三种越冬雁类能量平衡的影响

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第十二届全国鸟类学术研讨会暨第十届海峡两岸鸟类学术研讨...

作者：王鑫张永赵美娟曹垒 anthony d.fox 中国科学技术大学生命学院奥胡斯大学生命科学学院

食草动物体型大小的差异,会影响其代谢需求、能量摄入和消化的能力。与小体型食草物种相比,大体型物种需要更大量的食物,但能忍受更低的食物质量。因此,食物需求的差异可能解释近缘物种分布和栖息地分配的差异。本研究通过观察日活动时... 详细信息

食草动物体型大小的差异,会影响其代谢需求、能量摄入和消化的能力。与小体型食草物种相比,大体型物种需要更大量的食物,但能忍受更低的食物质量。因此,食物需求的差异可能解释近缘物种分布和栖息地分配的差异。本研究通过观察日活动时间分配,以及分析食物和粪便中的化学成分,估算并比较了三种越冬食草雁类在自然条件下取食苔草的日能量消耗和日能量摄入。在整个越冬期,大体型的豆雁(Anser fabalis serrirostris)和白额雁(Anser

关键词：长江中下游湿地东洞庭湖能量平衡升金湖越冬雁类

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Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov d. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames d. Amidei S.P. Amor dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.d. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos d. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos d. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio d. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron d.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING

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Sperm kinematic, head morphometric and kinetic- morphometric subpopulations in the blue fox （Alopex lagopus）

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第2期19卷 154-159页

作者： Caries Soler Jesus Contell Lorena Bori Maria Sancho Almudena Garcia-Molina anthony Valverde Jan Segarvall department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology University of Valencia 46100 Burjassot Spain R+d department Proiser R+D Scientific Park University of Valencia 46980 Paterna Spain Technological Institute of Costa Rica San Carlos Campus School of Agronomy 223-21001 Alajuela Costa Rica Finnish Fur Breeders Association ProFur 65101 Vaasa Finland

This work provides information on the blue fox ejaculated sperm quality needed for seminal dose calculations. Twenty semen samples, obtained by masturbation, were analyzed for kinematic and morphometric parameters by using CASA-Mot and CASA-Morph system and principal component （PC） analysis. For motility, eight kinematic parameters were evaluated, which were reduced to PC1, related to linear variables, and PC2, related to oscillatory movement. The whole population was divided into three independent subpopulations： SP1, fast cells with linear movement; SP2, slow cells and nonoscillatory motility; and SP3, medium speed cells and oscillatory movement. In almost all cases, the subpopulation distribution by animal was significantly different. Head morphology analysis generated four size and four shape parameters, which were reduced to PC 1, related to size, and PC2, related to shape of the cells. Three morphometric subpopulations existed. SPI： large oval cells; SP2： medium size elongated cells; and SP3. small and short cells. The subpopulation distribution differed between animals. Combining the kinematic and morphometric datasets produced PC1, related to morphometric parameters, and PC2, related to kinematics, which generated four sperm subpopulations - SPI.. high oscillatory motility, large and short heads; SP2; medium velocity with small and short heads; SP3. slow motion small and elongated cells; and SP4. high linear speed and large elongated cells. Subpopulation distribution was different in all animals. The establishment of sperm subpopulations from kinematic, morphometric, and combined variables not only improves the well-defined fox semen characteristics and offers a good conceptual basis for fertility and sperm preservation techniques in this species, but also opens the door to use this approach in other species, included humans.

关键词： integration of motility and morphology principal component analysis sperm morphometry subpopulation

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