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Assessment of groundwater quantity, quality, and associated health risk of the Tano river basin, Ghana

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 325-353页

作者： Adwoba Kua-Manza Edjah bruce Banoeng-Yakubo anthony Ewusi Enoch Sakyi-Yeboah David Saka Clara Turetta Giulio Cozzi David Atta-Peters Larry Pax Chegbeleh Water Resources Research Centre Ghana Atomic Energy CommissionAccraGhana Earth Science Department University of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Geological Engineering Department University of Mines and TechnologyTarkwaGhana Department of Statistics University of GhanaAccraLegonGhana Institute of Polar Sciences National Research Council of ItalyVeniceItaly

In the Tano River Basin,groundwater serves as a crucial resource;however,its quantity and quality with regard to trace elements and microbiological loadings remain poorly understood due to the lack of groundwater logs and limited water *** study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Tano River Basin,focusing on three key ***,it investigated the aquifer hydraulic parameters and the results showed signiﬁcant spatial variations in borehole depths,yields,transmissivity,hydraulic conductivity,and speciﬁc *** boreholes were concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern zones,while geological formations,particu-larly the Apollonian Formation,exhibit a strong inﬂuence on borehole *** study identiﬁed areas with high transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity in the southern and eastern regions,suggesting good groundwater avail-ability and suitability for sustainable water ***-ondly,the research investigated the groundwater quality and observed that the majority of borehole samples fall within WHO(Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality,Environmental Health Criteria,Geneva,2011,***://***)***,some samples have pH levels below the standards,although the groundwater generally qualiﬁes as *** study further explores hydrochemical facies and health risk assessment,highlighting the dominance of Ca–HCO3 water *** element analysis reveals minimal health risks from most elements,with chromium(Cr)as the primary contributor to chronic health ***,this study has provided a key insights into the Tano River Basin’s hydrogeology and associated health *** outcome of this research has contributed to the broader understanding of hydrogeologi-cal dynamics and the importance of managing groundwater resources sustainably in complex geological environments.

关键词： Groundwater Unsupervised machine learning technique Hydrochemistry Aquifer hydraulic parameter Health risk

Glucose metabolic phenotype of pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第12期22卷 3471-3485页

作者： anthony KC Chan Jason IE bruce Ajith K Siriwardena Regional Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Unit Manchester Royal Infirmary Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester

AIM: To construct a global "metabolic phenotype" of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) reflecting tumour-related metabolic enzyme ***: A systematic review of the literature was performed using Ovid SP and Pub Med databases using keywords "pancreatic cancer" and individual glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(MOP) enzymes. Both human and animal studies investigating the oncological effect of enzyme expression changes and inhibitors in both an in vitro and in vivo setting were included in the review. Data reporting changes in enzyme expression and the effects on PDAC cells, such as survival and metastatic potential, were extracted to construct a metabolic phenotype. RESULTS: Seven hundred and ten papers were initially retrieved, and were screened to meet the review inclusion criteria. 107 unique articles were identified as reporting data involving glycolytic enzymes, and 28 articles involving MOP enzymes in PDAC. Data extraction followed a pre-defined protocol. There is consistent over-expression of glycolytic enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase in keeping with the Warburg effect to facilitate rapid adenosine-triphosphate production from glycolysis. Certain isoforms of these enzymes were over-expressed specifically in PDAC. Altering expression levels of HK, PGI, FBA, enolase, PK-M2 and LDA-A with metabolic inhibitors have shown a favourable effect on PDAC, thus identifying these as potential therapeutic targets. However, the Warburg effect on MOP enzymes is less clear, with different expression levels at different points in the Krebs cycle resulting in a fundamental change of metabolite levels, suggesting that other essential anabolic pathways are being stimulated. CONCLUSION: Further characterisation of the PDAC metabolic phenotype is necessary as currently there are few clinical studies and no successful clinical trials targeting metabolic enzymes.

关键词： Metabolism Pancreatic cancer Warburg effect Metabolic inhibitor Glycolysis Krebs cycle

An improved culturing method for opiine fruit fly parasitoids and its application to parasitoid monitoring in the field

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 99-108页

作者： Ayad Masry Michael J. Furlong anthony R. Clarke John Paul Cunningham School of Earth Environmental and Biological Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Queensland Australia School of Biological Sciences the University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre Bruce ACT Australia Department of Economic Development Jobs Transport and Resources AgriBio Centre La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia

Good culturing methods play an important role in the study of insect behavior and its application to pest management. Here, we describe and validate a new method for rearing the parasitoid wasp, Diachasmirnorpha kraussii, which attacks some of the world＇s worst fruit fly pests and is an internationally used biological control agent. Our method differs from standard culturing approaches by presenting adult wasps with host- infested artificial media within a ＂culturing bag,＂ which mimics a natural （fruit） oviposition substrate. In laboratory trials using wild collected D. kraussii, the culturing bag method was compared to the use of host-infested nectarines, and a commonly used laboratory method of presenting host-infested artificial media within Petri dishes. The culturing bag method proved to be a significant improvement on both methods, combining the advantages of high host survival in artificial media with parasitism levels that were the equivalent to those recorded using host-infested fruits. In our field study, culturing bags infested with the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, and hung in a mixed peach and nectarine orchard proved to be effective ＂artificial fruits＂ attracting wild D. kraussii for oviposition. Significantly more adult wasps were reared from the culturing bags compared to field collected fruits. This was shown to be due to higher fruit fly larval density in the bags, as similar percentage parasitism rates were found between the culturing bags and ripe fruits. We discuss how this cheap, time-efficient method could be applied to collecting and monitoring wild D. kraussii populations in orchards, and assist in maintaining genetic variability in parasitoid laboratory cultures.

关键词： Bactrocera biological control fruit fly mass rearing natural enemies Tephritidae wasp

Correlation of Urinary Engrailed-2 Levels to Tumour Volume and Pathological Stage in Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第3期4卷 726-733页

作者： Hardev Pandha Saqib Javed Prasanna Sooriakumaran Simon Bott bruce Montgomery anthony Hutton Christopher Eden Christopher Eden Stephen E. Langley Richard Morgan Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Portsmouth Road Frimley UK Oncology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK Royal Surrey County Hospital Guildford UK St. Georges Hospital London UK

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between pre-prostatectomy urinary Engrailed-2 (EN2), a transcription factor secreted by prostate cancer cells, with tumour volume and pathological characteristics in resected prostate specimens. First pass urine samples (10 ml) without prior prostatic massage were collected and stored at –80°C. EN2 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Tumour volume in the prostatectomy specimens was determined histologically. 57 men undergoing RP in one urological cancer network were evaluated. EN2 was detected in 85% of RP patients. EN2 correlated with tumour volume (but not total prostatic volume) in a linear regression analysis, with increasing pathological T stage and margin positivity. Using three “cutoff levels” of tumour volume (0.5 ml, 1.3 ml and 2.5 ml) to define “significant disease”, men with “significant disease” had markedly higher levels of urinary EN2 (p Levels of urinary EN2 may be useful in predicting tumour volume in men with prostate cancer by potentially identifying men with small volume “insignificant” disease. This study justifies a larger multicentre evaluation of urinary EN2 levels as a biomarker of PC significance using cancer volume, pathological and PSA criteria.

关键词： Biomarker Prostate Cancer Urine

Bovine immunoglobulin protein isolates for the nutritional management of enteropathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11713-11726页

作者： Bryon W Petschow anthony T Blikslager Eric M Weaver Joy M Campbell Javier Polo Audrey L Shaw bruce P Burnett Gerald L Klein J Marc Rhoads Entera Health Inc. NC 27518 United States College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 United States APC Inc. Ankeny IA 50021 United States APC Europe S.A. Barcelona E-08403 Spain University of Texas Health Sciences Center Houston TX 77030 United States

The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for a multitude of digestive and immune functions which depend upon the balanced interaction of the intestinal microbiota, diet, gut barrier function, and mucosal immune response. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to intestinal disorders or enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation, increased gut permeability, and reduced capacity to absorb nutrients. Enteropathy is frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune enteropathy, radiation enteritis, and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), where pathologic changes in the intestinal tract lead to abdominal discomfort, bloating, abnormal bowel function(e.g., diarrhea, urgency, constipation and malabsorption). Unfortunately, effective therapies for the management ofenteropathy and restoring intestinal health are still not available. An accumulating body of preclinical studies has demonstrated that oral administration of plasmaor serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animal models. Recent studies in humans, using serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate, demonstrate that such protein preparations are safe and improve symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy. Benefits have been shown in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant IBS. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies with plasma/serum protein concentrates and describes the effects on host nutrition, intestinal function, and markers of intestinal inflammation. It supports the concept that immunoglobulin-containing protein preparations may offer a new strategy for restoring functional homeostasis in the intestinal tract of patients with enteropathy.

关键词： Immunoglobulins Plasma proteins Inflam-mation Gut

The mating system of the true fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni and its sister species, Bactrocera neohumeralis

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 478-490页

作者： Wasala M. T. D. Ekanayake Mudalige S. H. Jayasundara Thelma Peek anthony R. Clarke Mark K. Schutze School of Earth Environmental and Biological Sciences Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology (QUT)Bdsbane Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Ecosciences Precinct Dutton Park Queensland Plant Biosecudty Cooperative Research Centre Bruce ACT Australia

The frugivorous ＂true＂ fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni （Queensland fruit fly）, is presumed to have a nonresourced-based lek mating system. This is largely untested, and contrary data exists to suggest Bactrocera tryoni may have a resource-based mating system focused on fruiting host plants. We tested the mating system ofBactrocera tryoni, and its close sibling Bactrocera neohumeralis, in large field cages using laboratory reared flies. We used observational experiments that allowed us to determine if：（i） mating pairs were aggregated or nonaggregated; （ii） mating system was resource or nonresource based; （iii） flies utilized possible landmarks （tall trees over short） as mate-rendezvous sites; and （iv） males called females from male-dominated leks. We recorded nearly 250 Bactrocera tryoni mating pairs across all experiments, revealing that：（i） mating pairs were aggregated; （ii） mating nearly always occurred in tall trees over short; （iii） mating was nonresource based; and （iv） that males and females arrived at the mate-rendezvous site together with no evidence that males preceded females. Bactrocera neohumeralis copulations were much more infrequent （only 30 mating pairs in total）, but for those pairs there was a similar preference for tall trees and no evidence of a resource-based mating system. Some aspects of Bactrocera tryoni mating behavior align with theoretical expectations of a lekking system, but others do not. Until evidence for unequivocal female choice can be provided （as predicted under a true lek）, the mating system ofBactrocera tryoni is best described as a nonresource based, aggregation system for which we also have evidence that land-marking may be involved.

关键词： aggregation Bactrocera tryoni Dacinae leks nonresourced mating system Tephritidae

Development of internal COI primers to improve and extend barcoding of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini)

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 143-158页

作者： Matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Mark J.Blacket Jana Batovska Melissa Starkie anthony R.Clarke Stephen L.Cameron Mark K.Schutze School of Earth Environmental&Biological SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Plant Biosecurity Co-operative Research Centre BruceAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Entomology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Department of Agriculture&Fisheries Queensland Primary Industries Insect Collection(QDPC)Dutton ParkQueenslandAustralia

Accurate species-level identifications underpin many aspects of basic and applied biology;however,identifications can be hampered by a lack of discriminating morphological characters,taxonomic expertise or *** approaches,such as DNA"barcoding"of the cytochrome c oxidase(COI)gene,are argued to overcome these ***,nuclear encoding of mitochondrial genes(numts)and poor amplification success of suboptimally preserved specimens can lead to erroneous *** insect group for which these molecular and morphological problems are significant are the dacine fruit flies(Diptera:Tephritidae:Dacini).We addressed these issues associated with COI barcoding in the dacines by first assessing several"universal"COI primers against public mitochondrial genome and numt sequences for dacine *** then modified a set of four primers that more closely matched true dacine COI sequence and amplified two overlapping portions of the COI barcode *** new primers were tested alongside universal primers on a selection of dacine species,including both fresh preserved and decades-old dry ***,Bactrocera tiyoni mitochondrial and nuclear genomes were compared to identify putative *** numt clades were identified,three of which were amplified using existing universal *** contrast,our new primers preferentially amplified the"true"mitochondrial COI barcode in all dacine species *** new primers also successfully amplified partial barcodes from dry specimens for which full length barcodes were *** we recommend these new primers be incorporated into the suites of primers used by diagnosticians and quarantine labs for the accurate identification of dacine species.

关键词： Bactrocera biosecurity Dacus\minibarcodes pseudogene Zeugodacus

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基于Medipix的谱微CT(英文)

CT理论与应用研究（中英文） 2012年第4期21卷 583-596页

作者： James Bennett Raja Amir bruce Dobbs 牟轩沁魏彪 anthony Butler Phillip Butler Biomedical Imaging Division VT-WFU School of Biomedical Engineering and SciencesVirginia Tech Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Canterbury Department of Surgery and Gastroenterology University of Otago 西安交通大学图像处理与识别研究所西安7100495 重庆大学光电技术及系统教育部重点实验室重庆400044 Department of Radiology University of Otago European Organization for Nuclear Research(CERN)

自从几十年前豪斯菲尔德因其突破性工作而赢得诺贝尔奖以来,X线CT已经被广泛的应用到了临床前以及临床应用,并产生了海量的灰度断层图像。由于其固有的光子计数问题涉及到较高的辐射剂量,这些灰度断层图像的软组织对比度差,经常难以提... 详细信息

自从几十年前豪斯菲尔德因其突破性工作而赢得诺贝尔奖以来,X线CT已经被广泛的应用到了临床前以及临床应用,并产生了海量的灰度断层图像。由于其固有的光子计数问题涉及到较高的辐射剂量,这些灰度断层图像的软组织对比度差,经常难以提供一些关键性的细节而满足诊断的需要。从物理的角度来看,X线的谱是多能的,获得多能CT(亦被称为谱CT,真彩色CT)图像是可行的。这种谱图像提供了强有力的新诊断信息。近年来,新兴的Medipix技术提供了一种准确而快速的高分辨率能量选择的X线检测技术。本文将以我们小组的研究结果为重点来综述基于Medipix的谱微CT的研究进展。主要内容包括:先进的MediPix检测器,商业化MARS谱微CT的系统与方法,以及混合谱微CT的设计以及彩色扩散现象。

关键词：多能的谱成像 Medipix检测器 Medipix全分辨率系统混合谱微CT 统计迭代重建主成分分析

颈动脉粥样硬化疾病的处理美国血管外科学会临床实践指南

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国际脑血管病杂志 2008年第12期16卷 881-887页

作者： Robert W. Hobson, Ⅱ William C. Mackey Enrico Ascher M. Hassan Murad Keith D. Calligaro anthony J. Comerota Victor M. Montori Mark K. Eskandari Douglas W. Massop Ruth L. Bush Brajesh K. Lal bruce A. Perler 刘德志(译) 徐格林(译) 刘新峰(译) University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Newark New England Medical Center Boston Maimonides Medical Center Brooklyn Mayo Clinic Rochester University of Pennsylvania school of Medicine Philadelphia Jobst Vascular Center Toledo Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago The Iowa Clinic Des Moines University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Newark Texas A & M University Health Science Center College Station Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore 南京军区南京总医院神经内科 210002

美国血管外科学会（SVS）任命了一个专家委员会制定颈动脉狭窄处理的循证临床指南。在制定临床实践推荐意见过程中，该委员会使用系统评价对当前最件的证据进行了总结，采用GRADE标准对推荐意见的强度（强烈推荐为GRADEI级，一般推荐为G... 详细信息

美国血管外科学会（SVS）任命了一个专家委员会制定颈动脉狭窄处理的循证临床指南。在制定临床实践推荐意见过程中，该委员会使用系统评价对当前最件的证据进行了总结，采用GRADE标准对推荐意见的强度（强烈推荐为GRADEI级，一般推荐为GRADEⅡ级）和证据的质量（高、中、低和极低）进行了分级。对于轻度颈动脉狭窄患者（有症状患者狭窄程度〈50％和无症状患者狭窄程度〈60％），推荐进行最佳的内科治疗而非血管重建术（I级推荐，高质量证据）。对于有症状中到重度狭窄患者（狭窄程度≥50％），推荐行颈动脉内膜切除术（CEA）＋最佳的内科治疗（I级推荐，高质量证据）。对于围手术期风险高的有症状巾到重度狭窄患者（狭窄程度≥50％），建议采用颈动脉支架置入术作为其替代治疗手段（Ⅱ级推荐，低质量证据）。对于中到重度狭窄的无症状患者（狭窄程度≥60％），只要围手术期风险较低，就推荐行CEA＋内科治疗（I级推荐，高质量证据）。对于中到重度狭窄的尢症状患者（狭窄稗度≥60％），不推荐行颈动脉支架置入术（I级推荐，低质量证据）。颈动脉狭窄≥80％但存在CEA高危解剖学风险的患者可能是一个例外。

关键词：临床实践指南动脉粥样硬化疾病血管外科学会美国颈动脉支架置入术颈动脉狭窄颈动脉内膜切除术