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Deciphering the mechanobiology of microglia in traumatic brain injury with advanced microsystems

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第8期20卷 2304-2306页

作者： anthony Procès Sylvain Gabriele Univ.Grenoble Alpes InsermU1216Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance Mechanobiology&Biomaterials Group CIRMAPResearch Institute for BiosciencesUniversity of MonsMonsBelgium

Advanced microsystems in traumatic brain injury research:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)results from a mechanical insult to the brain,leading to neuronal and axonal damage and subsequently causing a secondary *** minutes ... 详细信息

关键词： traumatic injury damage

What we have learned from randomized trials of prostate cancer screening

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 369-373,510页

作者： richard M Hoffman anthony Y Smith Medicine Service New Mexico VA Health Care System Albuquerque NM 87108 USA Department of Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM 87108 USA Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM 87108 USA

The introduction of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） for prostate cancer screening in the late 1980s led to an epidemic of prostate cancer, particularly in developed countries. However, the first valid reports from randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of screening were not published until 2009. Men in the screening group in the European randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer were 20% less likely than those in the control group to die from prostate cancer. The absolute difference was only 0.7/1000, implying that over 1400 men needed to be screened to prevent one prostate cancer death. Screening was also associated with a 70% increased risk for being diagnosed with prostate cancer. The American Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial found no survival benefit for screening. results were not conclusive because a substantial proportion of study subjects had previously undergone PSA testing, over half of the control group had PSA testing, follow-up was relatively short, and fewer than 100 subjects died from prostate cancer. Balancing the potential survival benefit from screening is the risk of overdiagnosis--finding cancers that would not otherwise cause clinical problems^and the risk of treatment complications, including urinary, sexual and bowel dysfunction. Prostate cancer screening efforts would benefit from improved biomarkers, which more readily identify clinically important cancers. Cancer control efforts might also need to include chemoprevention, though currently available agents are controversial. In the meantime, oatients need to be supoorted in achievine informed decisions on whether to be screened for orostate cancer.

关键词： cancer screening prostate-specific antigen prostatic neoplasms randomized controlled trials as topic

Treatability aspects of urban stormwater stressors

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第5期6卷 631-637页

作者： anthony N. TAFUrI richard FIELD National risk Management research Laboratory Water Supply and Water Resources Division Urban Watershed Management Branch U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Edison NJ 08837-3679 USA

Pollution from diffuse sources （pollution from contaminants picked up and carried into surface waters by stormwater runoff） has been identified as a significant source of water quality problems in the U.S. scientists and engineers continue to seek solutions that will allow them to optimize existing technologies and develop new ones that will provide the best possible protection to people, wildlife, and the environment. This paper addresses the various pollutants or stressors in urban stormwater, including flow （shear force）, pathogens, suspended solids/sediment, toxicants （organic and metals）, nutrients, oxygen demanding substances, and coarse solids. A broad overview of the pollutants removed and the removal mechanisms by and of conventional best management practices （BMPs） is also presented. The principal treatment mechanisms of conventional wet ponds, vegetative swales/ buffer strips, and wetlands are sedimentation and filtration. These mechanisms have the capability to remove sig- nificant amounts of suspended solids or particulate matter and are a vital component of strategies to reduce pollutant loads to receiving waters. In addition, because most of the nation＇s receiving water violations are caused by pathogen indicator bacteria, it is of utmost importance that research efforts address this problem. Further research is also needed on the treatment of emerging contaminants in BMPs and on the costs and affects of maintenance and maintenance schedules on the long-term performance of BMPs.

关键词： stormwater wet weather flow urban runoff

Profile of anthony Trewavas

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Molecular Plant 2015年第3期8卷 345-351页

作者： anthony Trewavas Institute of Molecular Plant Science University of Edinburgh Mayfield Road Edinburgh EH9 3 JH UK

When asked to write on my experience in science and give some background, it sounded remarkably easy at first. In fact, it has proved very difficult. Apart from the short introduction below, I decided to write on four topics to which I have made a minor contribution. These are used to illustrate how I often fumbled my way through research and the ideas that I found fascinating. Investigation is never a direct path but a road full of obstacles.

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Pluripotent Stem Cells Models for Huntington's Disease:Prospects and Challenges

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第6期39卷 253-259页

作者： richard L. Carter anthony W.S.Chan Yerkes National Primate research Center 954 Gatewood Rd.N.E.AtlantaGA 39329USA Genetic and Molecular Biology Program Graduate Division of Biologieal and Biomedical SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA Department of Human Genetics Emory University School of Medicine615 Michael St.AtlantaGA 30322USA

Pluripotent cellular models have shown great promise in the study of a number of neurological disorders. Several advantages of using a stem cell model include the potential for cells to derive disease relevant neuronal cell types, providing a system for researchers to monitor disease progression during neurogenesis, along with serving as a platform for drug discovery. A number of stem cell derived models have been employed to establish in ~,itro research models of Huntington＇s disease that can be used to investigate cellular pathology and screen lk^r drug and cell-based therapies. Although some progress has been made, there are a number of challenges and limitations that must be overcome before the true potential of this research strategy is achieved. In this article we review current stem cell models that have been reported, as well as discuss the issues that impair these studies. We also highlight the prospective application of Huntington＇s disease stem cell models in the development of novel therapeutic strategies and advancement of personalized medicine.

关键词： Stem cell models Huntington's disease Induced pluripotent stem cells Drug discovery

The “sequential cues hypothesis”: a conceptual model to explain host location and ranking by polyphagous herbivores

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1136-1147页

作者： rehan Silva anthony r.Clarke School of Earth.Environmental and Biological Sciences Queensland University of Technology(QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

Successfully locating a host plant is crucial for an insect herbivore to feed and/or ***,locating a host within a complex environment that may contain an array of different plant species is a difficult *** is particularly the case for polyphagous herbivores,which must locate a host within environments that may simultaneously contain multiple suitable and unsuitable *** we review the mechanisms of host selection used by polyphagous herbivores,as well as exploring how prior experience may modify a generalist's response to host *** show that recent research demonstrates that polyphagous herbivores have the capacity to detect both common cues from multiple host species,as well as specific cues from individual host *** creates a paradox in that generalists invariably rank hosts when given a choice,a finding at odds with the“neural limitations”hypothesis that says generalist insect herbivores should not have the neural capacity to identify cues specific to every possible *** explain this paradox we propose a model,akin to parasitoid host location,that postulates that generalist herbivores use different cues sequentially in host *** propose that initially common host cues,associated with all potential hosts,are used to place the herbivore within the host habitat and that,in the absence of any other host cues,these cues are sufficient in themselves to lead to host *** such they are true “generalist”***,once within the host habitat,we propose that the presence of a smaller group of cues may lead to further host searching and the location of preferred hosts:these are“specialist”*** model explains the current conflict in the literature where generalists can respond to both common and specific host-plant cues,while also exhibiting specialist and generalist host use behavior under different conditions.

关键词： diet breadth foraging insect behavior insect-plant relationship learning neural constraints visual cues volatile cues

Patient-specific monocyte-derived microglia as a screening tool for neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural regeneration research 2023年第5期18卷 955-958页

作者： Hazel Quek anthony r.White Mental Health and Neuroscience QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute School of Biomedical Science The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Microglia, the main driver of neuroinflammation, play a central role in the initiation and exacerbation of various neurodegenerative diseases and are now considered a promising therapeutic target. Previous studies on in vitro human microglia and in vivo rodent models lacked scalability, consistency, or physiological relevance, which deterred successful therapeutic outcomes for the past decade. Here we review human blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells as a robust and consistent approach to generate a patient-specific microglia-like model that can be used in extensive cohort studies for drug testing. We will highlight the strength and applicability of human blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells to increase translational outcomes by reviewing the advantages of human blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells in addressing patient heterogeneity and stratification, the basis of personalized medicine.

关键词： human in vitro microglia models neurodegeneration neuroinflammation patient heterogeneity patient stratification peripheral blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells therapeutic target transdifferentiation translational outcomes

Ferroptosis drives immune-mediated neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第1期20卷 112-113页

作者： anthony r.White Mental Health and Neuroscience QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQld4006Australia

One of the leading issues in multiple sclerosis(MS)research is the lack of understanding regarding the triggers of *** demyelination is a major feature in MS,the degeneration of gray matter neurons contributes to major changes in patient function,but the mechanisms driving this neuronal loss are *** exciting research published by Luoqian et al.[1]in the December issue of Cellular and Molecular Immunology,new insights have shown an important contribution of ferroptosis to T-cell-mediated neurodegeneration in the common animal model of MS,‘experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis’(EAE).Although a relationship between ferroptosis and T-cell activation has been reported in other disorders,this is the first discovery of a link between abnormal iron homeostasis and T-cell infiltration in *** addition,the authors found that unlike other studies on ferroptosis-T-cell interactions[2,3],ferroptotic activation of T cells in EAE,and potentially MS,involved the infiltration and activation of CD4+T cells,rather than CD8+***,in this study,ferroptosis was a key driver of T-cell activation rather than the opposite interaction where CD8+cells drive ferroptosis[3].The research also mapped a key role for Acsl4 in the early stages of ferroptosis-T-cell-mediated ***4 converts free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters and has been identified as a central contributor to ferroptotic processes[4].This study has mapped a major new pathway potentially leading to neurodegeneration in MS,and this opens the possibility of new therapeutic approaches to treat MS based on iron targeting as the authors describe in their final experiments.

关键词： neurodegeneration degeneration homeostasis

Field test of best management practice pollutant removal efficiencies in Shenzhen,China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第3期3卷 354-363页

作者： ru ZHANG Wenbin ZHOU richard FIELD anthony TAFUrI Shaw LYU Keli JIN Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Ecology and Bio-resource Utilization Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330047China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China National risk Management research Laboratory US Environmental Protection AgencyEdisonNJ 08837USA Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904USA Shenzhen Guanlanhe Water Diversion Management Department Shenzhen 518110China

This paper presents a study on the use of best management practices(BMPs)for controlling nonpoint pollution in the Xikeng reservoir watershed located in Shenzhen,China.A BMP treatment train design,including a pond,a wetland,and a buffer strip placed in series was implemented at the reservoir location.A separate grass swale was also constructed at the *** impact development(LID)BMPs,namely a planter box and bioboxes,were used at the parking lot of the reservoir’s Administration *** were collected during storm events and were analyzed for total suspended solids(TSS),biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5),ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),and total phosphorus(TP).The removal efficiencies of both BMP systems were evaluated using the Efficiency ratio(Er)method based on the event mean concentration(EMC)*** summary,the pond/wetland treatment train removed 70%–90%of TSS,20%–50%of BOD5,and 30%–70%of TP and *** swale removed 50%–90%of TSS,30%–55%of BOD5,–10%–35%of NH3-N,and 25%–70%of *** the planter box and biobox,the ranges of removal rates were 70%–90%,20%–50%,and 30%–70%for TSS,BOD5,and ammonia and phosphorus,respectively.

关键词： nonpoint source(NPS)pollution control best management practices(BMPs) Xikeng reservoir Shenzhen China BMP treatment train