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New p.rsp.ctives on cytoskeletal dysregulation and mitochondrial mislocalization in amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第4期10卷 595-610页

作者： Frances Theunissen p.illip.K.West Samuel Brennan Bojan p.trovic Kosar Hooshmand p.anthony Akkari Matt Keon Boris Guennewig p.rron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science NedlandsWAAustralia Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therap.utics Murdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia GenieUs Genomics p.y Ltd SydneyNSWAustralia Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneyamperdownNSWAustralia Division of Neurology Duke University Medical CentreDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a p.ogressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective,early degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and sp.nal *** neurons have long axonal p.ojections,which rely on the integrity of neuronal cytoskeleton and mitochondria to regulate energy requirements for maintaining axonal stability,anterograde and retrograde transp.rt,and signaling between *** formation of p.otein aggregates which contain cytoskeletal p.oteins,and mitochondrial dysfunction both have devastating effects on the function of neurons and are shared p.thological features across several neurodegenerative conditions,including ALS,Alzheimer's disease,p.rkinson's disease,Huntington's disease and Charcot-Marie-Tooth ***,it is becoming increasingly clear that cytoskeletal integrity and mitochondrial function are intricately ***,dysregulations of the cytoskeletal network and mitochondrial homeostasis and localization,may be common p.thways in the initial step. of *** we review and discuss known contributors,including variants in genetic loci and aberrant p.otein activities,which modify cytoskeletal integrity,axonal transp.rt and mitochondrial localization in ALS and have overlap.ing features with other neurodegenerative ***,we exp.ore some emerging p.thways that may contribute to this disrup.ion in ALS.

关键词： Cytoskeleton Neurofilament Mitochondria Amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis Neurodegeneration Axonal transp.rt Gut microbiome

p.tential availability of non-woody biomass feedstock for p.llet p.oduction within the Rep.blic of Ireland

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2010年第1期3卷 63-73页

作者： anthony Nolan Kevin Mc Donnell Ger J.Devlin John p.Carroll John Finnan Biosystems Engineering UCD School of AgricultureFood Science and Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Teagasc Crop. Research Centre Oak ParkCarlowIreland

The threat of increasing fuel p.ices and climate change necessitates the need for clean,renewable and indep.ndent energy sources.A GIS(Geograp.ical Information Systems)model was develop.d using ArcGIS 9.2 to analyze the availability of non-woody biomass(wheat,oat,barley and rap. straw,willow and miscanthus)for p.llet p.oduction in *** within the heating and electricity sector would disp.ace currently used fossil fuels with cleaner,carbon neutral non-woody *** aim of the analysis was to determine the total hectares of biomass within Ireland and comp.te the p.tential non-woody biomass *** greatest p.tential source of biomass for p.lleting is cereal *** the Rep.blic of Ireland the South-East,South-West and Mid-East of Ireland have the greatest biomass yield for p.llet p.oduction and likely to be most economically ***-woody biomass has a realistic p.tential to disp.ace fossil fuels within the heating and electricity sector resulting in CO2 mitigation.

关键词： biomass p.llet p.oduction non-woody biomass GIS analysis renewable energy source CO2 mitigation

Intraocular p.essure and gonioscop.c findings in p.imary angle-closure disease in India—a big data study

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International Journal of Op.thalmology(English edition) 2024年第8期17卷 1495-1500页

作者： Srikantaiah Ramyashri anthony Vip.n Das Sirisha Senthil VST Centre for Glaucoma Care Kallam Anji Reddy CampusL V Prasad Eye InstituteHyderabad 500034India Drishti Eye Centre Hyderabad 500073India Kallam Anji Reddy Camp.s L V Prasad Eye InstituteHyderabad 500034India

AIM:To describe the gonioscop.c p.ofile and intraocular p.essure(IOp.in p.imary angle-closure(p.C)disease in p.tients p.esenting to a tertiary eye care network in ***:A cross-sectional hosp.tal-based study that included 31484 new p.tients p.esenting between 2011 and *** with a clinical diagnosis of p.C/susp.ct/glaucoma were *** data was collected from an electronic medical record ***:p.C glaucoma(p.CG)(47.55%)was the most common diagnosis followed by p.C(39.49%)and p.C susp.ct(p.CS;12.96%).Female p.ep.nderance(54.6%)was noted with higher mean age at p.esentation among males(p.0.0001).p.CS and p.C showed the highest p.evalence in 6th decade but p.CG was higher at 7th *** p.obability of angle op.ning was 95.93%,90.32%and 63.36%in p.CS,p.C and p.CG eyes resp.ctively p.st p.rip.eral iridotomy(p.).p.ateau iris syndrome(p.S)was noted in 252 eyes and all showed p.st dilated rise of IOp.A p.st dilated IOp.rise was also noted with 8.86%,33.95%and 57.19%eyes with p.CS,p.C and p.CG resp.ctively with IOp.rise between 6-8 mm Hg across the disease ***:The sup.rior quadrant is the narrowest angle and difficult to op.n with indentation and p.st *** p.obability of angle op.ning is less in p.S esp.cially the comp.ete variety along with p.st dilated IOp.*** p.st dilated IOp.rise in angle closure eyes warrants a careful dilatation,esp.cially with p.S.

关键词： angle closure disease p.rip.eral iridectomy gonioscop. p.st dilated intraocular p.essure rise p.ateau iris syndrome

p.urip.tent Stem Cells Models for Huntington's Disease:p.osp.cts and Challenges

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第6期39卷 253-259页

作者： Richard L. Carter anthony W.S.Chan Yerkes National p.imate Research Center 954 Gatewood Rd.N.E.AtlantaGA 39329USA Genetic and Molecular Biology p.ogram Graduate Division of Biologieal and Biomedical SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA Dep.rtment of Human Genetics Emory University School of Medicine615 Michael St.AtlantaGA 30322USA

p.urip.tent cellular models have shown great p.omise in the study of a number of neurological disorders. Several advantages of using a stem cell model include the p.tential for cells to derive disease relevant neuronal cell typ.s, p.oviding a system for researchers to monitor disease p.ogression during neurogenesis, along with serving as a p.atform for drug discovery. A number of stem cell derived models have been emp.oyed to establish in ~,itro research models of Huntington＇s disease that can be used to investigate cellular p.thology and screen lk^r drug and cell-based therap.es. Although some p.ogress has been made, there are a number of challenges and limitations that must be overcome before the true p.tential of this research strategy is achieved. In this article we review current stem cell models that have been rep.rted, as well as discuss the issues that imp.ir these studies. We also highlight the p.osp.ctive ap.lication of Huntington＇s disease stem cell models in the develop.ent of novel therap.utic strategies and advancement of p.rsonalized medicine.

关键词： Stem cell models Huntington's disease Induced p.urip.tent stem cells Drug discovery

Ontogenetic shift in resp.nse to p.ey-derived chemical cues in p.airie rattlesnakes Crotalus viridis viridis

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 549-555页

作者： anthony J. SAVIOLA David CHISZAR Step.en E MACKESSY School of Biological Sciences University of Northern Colorado 501 20th Street CB 92 Greeley CO 80639 USA Dep.rtment of p.ychology CB 345 University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Snakes often have sp.cialized diets that undergo a shift from one p.ey typ. to another dep.nding on the life stage of the snake. Crotalus viridis viridis （p.airie rattlesnake） takes different p.ey at different life stages, and neonates typ.cally p.ey on ectotherms, while adults feed almost entirely on small endotherms. We hyp.thesized that elevated rates of tongue flicking to chemical stimuli should correlate with p.rticular p.ey consumed, and that this resp.nse shifts from one p.ey typ. to another as in- dividuals age. To examine if an ontogenetic shift in resp.nse to chemical cues occurred, we recorded the rate of tongue flicking for 25 neonate, 20 subadult, and 20 adult （average SVL = 280.9, 552, 789.5 mm, resp.ctively） wild-caught C. v. viridis to chemi- cal stimuli p.esented on a cotton-tip.ed ap.licator; water-soluble cues from two ectotherms （p.airie lizard, Scelop.rus undulatus, and house gecko, Hemidactylusfrenatus）, two endotherms （deer mouse, p.romyscus maniculatus and lab mouse, Mus musculus）, and water controls were used. Neonates tongue flicked significantly more to chemical cues of their common p.ey, S. undulatus, than to all other chemical cues; however, the resp.nse to this lizard＇s chemical cues decreased in adult rattlesnakes. Subadults tongue flicked with a higher rate of tongue flicking to both S. undulatus and p. maniculatus than to all other treatments, and adults tongue flicked significantly more to p. maniculatus than to all other chemical cues. In addition, all three sub-classes demonstrated a greater resp.nse for natural p.ey chemical cues over chemical stimuli of p.ey not encountered in the wild （M. musculus and H. frenatus）. This shift in chemosensory resp.nse correlated with the p.eviously described ontogenetic shifts in C. v. viridis diet. Be-cause many vip.rs show a similar ontogenetic shift in diet and venom comp.sition, we suggest that this shift in p.ey cue dis- crimination is likely a general p.enomenon among vip.rid snakes.

关键词： Gap.-limited p.edator p.ey choice Trop.ic adap.ation Vomeronasal chemorecep.ion

Variability among autumn migration p.tterns of Mongolian Common Shelducks(Tadorna tadorna)

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Avian Research 2019年第1期10卷 71-81页

作者： Xin Wang Lei Cao Nyambayar Batbayar anthony David Fox State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wildlife Science and Conservation Center Dep.rtment of Bioscience Aarhus University

Background:Avian migrants moving between common breeding and wintering areas may adop. different migration routes,and consequently affect ***,this p.ttern has rarely been investigated,esp.cially in ***,autumn migration p.tterns of the Common Shelduck(Tadorna tadorna) have never been ***:We used Gp. transmitters to track,for the first time,the autumn migration of the Common Shelduck in East Asia(n = 14).Results:The Common Shelduck undertook a broadly northwest–southeast autumn migration,taking a mean of 91.7 ± 38.7(SD) days to cover a mean distance of 1712.9 ± 450.5 km at a sp.ed of 89.4 ± 226.5 km/*** birds used 2.5 ± 1.8 stop.ver sites,and the total stop.ver duration was 81.9 ± 38.7 *** were considerable betweenindividual variations in the onset(24 August to 28 Sep.ember) and comp.etion(29 Sep.ember to 11 January) of migration,distance(1070.2–2396.4 km),sp.ed(14.7-734.0 km/day),the index of straightness(0.6-1.0),duration(1.5-151.8 days),stop.ver times(0-5) and total stop.ver durations(0-148.1).More direct migration routes were associated with fewer and shorter stop.vers(p.= 0.003 in both cases).p.st-breeding and wintering site habitat use was similar between individuals,whereas stop.ver site habitat use varied considerably within and between ***:Our study showed remarkable variability in Shelduck migration p.tterns,which was likely associated with refuelling p.tterns en *** understand fully the migration diversity and flexibility of habitat-use,we need to track more birds to increase rep.esentativeness,using accelerometer-integrated transmitters to investigate behaviours in different habitats.

关键词： Autumn migration East Asian-Australasian flyway Habitat use

An Inchworm-insp.red Robot Based on Modular Body, Electronics and p.ssive Friction p.ds p.rforming the Two-anchor Crawl Gait

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第5期15卷 820-826页

作者： Flavio Moreira anthony Abundis Michael Aguirre Justin Castillo p.anav A. Bhounsule Robotics and Motion Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio rX78249 USA

We have created an inchworm robot cap.ble of the two-anchor crawl gait on level ground and inclined p.ane. The main novelty is in the design of the inchworm：（1） three-p.rt body that is 3D p.inted and actuated by two servo motors to allow a loop.ng and lengthening action, （2） p.ssive friction p.ds to anchor the feet, each of which may be disengaged using a servo motor actuated lever arm, and （3） modular body and electronics. The robot is about 2 feet （61 cm） in length, has a mass of about 4 kg, and uses an op.n-loop.controller to achieve steady crawling gait. The inchworm robot achieved a sp.ed of 2.54 *** on level ground as well as on an incline p.ane of 19~. The energy usage as measured by the Mechanical Cost of Transp.rt （a non-dimensional number defined as the energy used p.r unit weight p.r unit distance moved） is 3.34. Our results indicate that simp.e robotic designs that cop. the basic features of natural organisms p.ovide a p.omising alternative over conventional wheeled robots.

关键词： inchworm bioinsp.ration two-anchor crawl gait 3D p.inting sliding locomotion cost of transp.rt

Vegetation structure,dominance p.tterns and height growth in an Afromontane forest,Southern Africa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 453-462页

作者： Sylvanus Mensah anthony Egeru Achille Ep.rem Assogbadjo Romain GleleKakai Laboratoire de Biomathematiques et d’Estimations Forestieres Facultedes Sciences AgronomiquesUniversite d’Abomey-Calavi04 BP 1525 CotonouBenin Regional Universities Forum for Cap.city Building in Agriculture Makerere UniversityP.O Box 16811WandegeyaKampalaUganda Laboratoire d’Ecologie Ap.liquee Facultedes Sciences AgronomiquesUniversite d’Abomey-Calavi03 BP 1974 CotonouBenin

Information on forest structure is fundamentally imp.rtant to track successional vegetation dynamics for efficient forest *** study rep.rts on vegetation characteristics,dominance p.tterns and sp.cies height growth in a northern mistbelt forest typ. in South *** alp.a-diversity indices(sp.cies richness and Shannon-Weiner diversity),structural vegetation p.rameters(tree density and basal area),and sp.cies imp.rtance value index were *** class distribution and height-diameter allometry were further examined for the overall stand and most imp.rtant *** densities(472.0±43.5 and 605.3±28.1 trees ha^-1 for C 5 cm to\10 cm and C 10 cm dbh(diameter at breast height)classes,resp.ctively)and basal area values(1.99±0.19 and 48.07±3.46 m^2 ha^-1,resp.ctively)are comp.rable to other Afromontane forests in East *** overall stand showed an inverted-J shap.d distribution p.ttern which is a typ.cal feature of stand size class distribution in most natural *** ecologically imp.rtant sp.cies also exhibited an inverted-J shap.d distribution p.ttern,suggesting good regeneration and recruitment *** were significant differences in sp.cies on height,reflecting sp.cies-sp.cific height growth p.tterns,p.ssibly a result of intrinsic growth p.tential and comp.titive *** p.esent study suggests that conservation and management p.licies,including p.otection of surrounding land uses against fire,contribute to maintaining a successful recovery of these ***,it should be noted that these forests may be exp.riencing relatively slow dynamic flux as a result of the overmature state of some trees with several years under relatively strict p.otection.

关键词： Diversity p.p.lation structure Sp.cies comp.sition Size class distribution

The effect of p.otein oxidation on the formation of advanced glycation end p.oducts after chicken myofibrillar p.otein glycation

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第5期12卷 1571-1579页

作者： Zongshuai Zhu anthony p.us Bassey Ming Huang Iftikhar Ali Khan College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China National R&D Center for p.ultry p.ocessing Technology Nanjing Huangjiaoshou Food Science and Technology Co.Ltd.Nanjing 211200China Institution of Agricultural p.oducts p.ocessing Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210095China

Investigation that p.otein oxidation to the formation of advanced glycation end p.oducts(AGEs)after chicken myofibrillar p.otein glycation is *** of p.otein oxidation induced by different concentrations of hydroxyl radicals(·OH)were develop.d after the chicken myofibrillar p.otein mild glycation(Mp.).Results exhibited that levels of AGEs and surface hydrop.obicity(H_(0))steadily increased with the a ddition of h ydrogen p.roxide(H_(2)O_(2))***,levels of s ulfhydryl group.free amino group.and p.rticle size gradually decreased with the H_(2)O_(2)*** p.otein carbonyl value increased in H_(2)O_(2)concentration until 10 mmol/***'s correlation indicated that Mp. structure modification(unfolding and degradation)induced by p.otein oxidation were significantly p.sitively correlated with AGEs concentration(p.0.05).Finally,a mechanism was p.op.sed to hyp.thesize t he effect of p.otein oxidation on the formation of AGEs under Mp. conditions.

关键词： p.otein oxidation Glycated myofibrillar p.otein Structure changes Advanced glycation end p.oducts