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Hepatitis C virus control among persons who inject drugs requires overcoming barriers to care

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第44期19卷 7846-7851页

作者： Marija Zeremski Jon E Zibbell anthony d Martinez Steven Kritz Bryce d Smith Andrew H Talal division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell Medical College New YorkNY 10065 United States division of Viral Hepatitis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333United States division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14203 United States Addiction Research and Treatment Corporation Brooklyn NY 11201 United States

despite a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection,the vast majority of persons who inject drugs(PWId)have not engaged in HCV care due to a large number of *** about the infection among both PWId and providers remains an important challenge as does discrimination faced by PWId in conventional health care *** providers also remain hesitant to prescribe antiviral therapy due to concerns about adherence and relapse to drug use resulting in ***,however,as a result of improvements in treatment efficacy combined with professional society and government endorsement of HCV treatment for PWId,a pressing need exists to develop strategies to engage these individuals into HCV *** this article,we propose several strategies that can be pursued in an attempt to engage PWId into HCV *** advocate that multidisciplinary approaches that utilize health care practitioners from a wide range of specialties,as well as co-localization of medical services,are strategies likely to result in increased numbers of PWId entering into HCV *** of HCV therapy after stabilization through drug treatment is an additional strategy likely to increase PWId engagement into HCV *** full impact of direct acting antivirals for HCV will only be realized if innovative approaches are pursued to engage all HCV infected individuals into treatment.

关键词： Treatment of hepatitis C Viral infection Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis C virus coinfection Persons who inject drugs Obstacles to treatment

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Wintering Swan Geese maximize energy intake through substrate foraging depth when feeding on buried Vallisneria natans tubers

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Avian Research 2019年第2期10卷 163-170页

作者： Yan Chen Yong Zhang Lei Cao Willem F.de Boer anthony d.Fox School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academic of Sciences18 Shuangqing RoadBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Resource Ecology Group Wageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg3a6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityKalφGrenavej 148410 RφndeDenmark

Background: Foraging theory predicts that animals select patches that offer the highest net rate of energy gain. Hence, prey distribution patterns and spatiotemporal heterogeneity play important roles in determining animal feeding patch selection. For waterfowl foraging on buried aquatic plant tubers, the distribution and biomass of these plant organs vary with depth in the substrate. Since excavation costs also increase with depth, the energy intake of the animals foraging on these plants is highly sediment depth dependent. Methods: Here, using observations of Swan Geese (Anser cygnoides) foraging on Vallisneria natans tubers, we test our hypothesis that geese feeding on tubers buried at intermediate sediment depth maximize their daily energy intake because of the interaction between tuber size and abundance with depth. To do this, we measured the distribution patterns of buried Vallisneria tubers under both undisturbed conditions and post-exploitation by geese (i.e. giving-up conditions). We investigated the relationship between tuber size and burial depth, and total tuber biomass within each sediment layer in undisturbed and exploited plots. Finally, we compared modelled Swan Goose daily energy intake feeding on Vallisneria tubers buried at different sediment layers (1–10, 11–20 and 21–30 cm below the surface). Results: dry weight of Vallisneria tubers linearly increased with burial depth, while average total dry weight density of tubers showed a unimodal relationship, peaking at intermediate levels. Not surprisingly, Swan Geese foraged most intensively on tubers buried at intermediate sediment depths, where they maximize their daily energy intake. Our results support our hypothesis that Swan Geese feeding on tubers at intermediate depths maximize their daily energy intake. Conclusions: Our study is the first to quantify foraging strategies of Swan Geese during the wintering period, emphasizing the importance of plant traits on foraging selection of belowground f

关键词： Energetic trade-off Optimal foraging Shengjin Lake Substrate Tuber burial depth Yangtze River

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Ampullary cancer of intestinal origin and duodenal cancer-A logical clinical and therapeutic subgroup in periampullary cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第10期9卷 407-415页

作者： Manju d Chandrasegaram anthony J Gill Jas Samra Tim Price John Chen Jonathan Fawcett Neil d Merrett the Prince Charles Hospital School of Medicine University of Queensland Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Cancer diagnosis and Pathology Group Kolling Institute of Medical Research Royal North Shore Hospital department of Surgery Royal North Shore Hospital Queen Elizabeth Hospital University of Adelaide Flinders Medical Centre Royal Adelaide Hospital Princess Alexandra Hospital department of Upper GI Surgery Bankstown Hospital discipline of Surgery Western Sydney University

Periampullary cancers include pancreatic, ampullary, biliary and duodenal cancers. At presentation, the majority of periampullary tumours have grown to involve the pancreas, bile duct, ampulla and duodenum. This can result in difficulty in defining the primary site of origin in all but the smallest tumors due to anatomical proximity and architectural distortion. This has led to variation in the reported proportions of resected periampullary cancers. Pancreatic cancer is the most common cancer resected with a pancreaticoduodenectomy followed by ampullary(16%-50%), bile duct(5%-39%), and duodenal cancer(3%-17%). Patients with resected duodenal and ampullary cancers have a better reported median survival(29-47 mo and 22-54 mo) compared to pancreatic cancer(13-19 mo). The poorer survival with pancreatic cancer relates to differences in tumour characteristics such as a higher incidence of nodal, neural and vascular invasion. While small ampullary cancers can present early with biliary obstruction, pancreatic cancers need to reach a certain size before biliary obstruction ensues. This larger size at presentation contributes to a higher incidence of resection margin involvement in pancreatic cancer. Ampullary cancers can be subdivided into intestinal or pancreatobiliary subtype cancers with histomolecular staining. This avoids relying on histomorphology alone, as even some poorly differentiated cancers preserve the histomolecular profile of their mucosa of origin. Histomolecular profiling is superior to anatomic location in prognosticating survival. Ampullary cancers of intestinal subtype and duodenal cancers are similar in their intestinal origin and form a logical clinical and therapeutic subgroup of periampullary cancers. They respond to 5-FU based chemotherapeutic regimens such as capecitabine-oxaliplatin. Unlike pancreatic cancers, KRAS mutation occurs in only approximately a third of ampullary and duodenal cancers. Future clinical trials should group ampullary cancer

关键词： Periampullary cancer Pancreatobiliary subtype Intestinal subtype Ampullary cancer duodenal cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor Pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy Pancreaticoduodenectomy KRAS

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Ethical challenges in mass drug administration for reducing childhood mortality:a qualitative study

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2022年第5期11卷 93-94页

作者： Ahmed Alasmar Alex C.Kong anthony d.So Matthew deCamp 不详 division of General Internal Medicine and Center for Bioethics and Humanities Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus13080 E.19th AveMail Stop B137AuroraCO 80045USA

Background:Mass drug administration(MdA)of medications to entire at-risk communities or populations has shown promise in the control and elimination of global infectious *** of the broad-spectrum antibiotic azithromycin has demonstrated the potential to reduce childhood mortality in children at risk of premature death in some global ***,MdA of antibiotics raises complex ethical challenges,including weighing near-term benefts against longer-term risks—particularly the development of antimicrobial resistance that could diminish antibiotic efectiveness for current or future *** aim of this study was to understand how key actors involved in MdA perceive the ethical challenges of ***:We conducted 35 semi-structured interviews from december 2020–February 2022 with investigators,funders,bioethicists,research ethics committee members,industry representatives,and others from both highincome countries(HICs)and low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).Interview participants were identifed via one of seven MdA studies purposively chosen to represent diversity in terms of use of the antibiotic azithromycin;use of a primary mortality endpoint;and whether the study occurred in a high child mortality *** were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory ***:The most frequently discussed ethical challenges related to meaningful community engagement,how to weigh risks and benefts,and the need to target MdA We developed a concept map of how participants considered ethical issues in MdA for child mortality;it emphasizes MdA’s place alongside other public health interventions,empowerment,and *** over an ethical double standard in weighing risks and benefts emerged as a unifying theme,albeit one that participants interpreted in radically diferent *** thought MdA for reducing child mortality was ethically obligatory;others suggested it was ***:Ethical challenges raised by MdA of antib

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance decolonizing global health Mass drug administration Child mortality Ethics Global health equity

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Transanal total mesorectal excision:Towards standardization of technique

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第44期21卷 12686-12695页

作者： Albert M Wolthuis Gabriele Bislenghi anthony de Buck van Overstraeten André d'Hoore department of Abdominal Surgery University Hospital Leuven

AIM: To describe the role of Transanal total mesorectal excision(Ta TME) in minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery, to examine the differences in patient selection and in reported surgical techniques and their impactson postoperative outcomes and to discuss the future of Ta TME. METHOdS: MEdLINE(Pub Med), EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched through the 1st of March 2015 using a predefined search strategy. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies with 323 patients were included. Most studies were single-arm prospective studies with fewer than 100 patients. Multiple transanal access platforms were used, and the laparoscopic approach was either multi- or single port. The procedure was initiated transanally or transabdominally. If a simultaneous approach with 2 operating surgeons was chosen, the operative time was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: Ta TME was also associated with better TME specimens and a longer distal resection margin. Ta TME is thus feasible in expert hands, but the learning curve and safety profile are not well defined. Longterm follow-up regarding anal function and oncological outcomes should be performed in the future.

关键词： Laparoscopy Colorectal surgery Rectal cancer Total

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Effects of Andrade and Burgers rheologies on glacial isostatic adjustment modeling in Antarctica

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第5期15卷 429-440页

作者： Alexandre Boughanemi anthony Mémin UniversitéCôte d'Azur CNRSObservatoire de la Côte d'AzurIRDGéoazur250 rue Albert EinsteinSophia Antipolis 06560 ValbonneFrance

Variations in ice mass deform the Earth and modify its gravity field,a process known as Glacial Isostatic Adjustment(GIA).GIA in Antarctica remains poorly constrained due to the cumulative effect of past and present ice-mass changes,the unknown history of the past ice-mass change,and the uncertainties on the mechanical properties of the *** paper investigates the effect of using Andrade and Burgers viscoelastic rheologies,rather than the commonly used Maxwell rheology,to model GIA-induced deformation in *** Love number and Green's function formalism are used to compute the radial surface displacements and the gravity changes induced by the past and present ice-mass *** consider an Earth model whose elastic properties and radial structure are averaged from the Preliminary Reference Earth Model and two viscosity profiles to account for the recently published results on the present ice-mass *** the three rheological laws affects the temporal response of the Earth differently,leading to smaller discrepancies than those induced by the two viscosity *** differences are the largest between Maxwell and Burgers rheologies during the 100-1000 years following the beginning of the surface-mass *** show that using the Andrade and Burgers rheologies allows the Earth to respond on decennial to centennial time scales,up to 10 m more than *** only the recent ice-mass changes,the deformation rates derived from Burgers and Andrade rheologies are several times larger than those estimated by Maxwell rheology.

关键词： GIA Antarctica Modeling Rheology displacement Viscosity GNSS

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Bowel endometriosis: Colorectal surgeon's perspective in a multidisciplinary surgical team

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15616-15623页

作者： Albert M Wolthuis Christel Meuleman Carla Tomassetti Thomas d'Hooghe anthony de Buck van Overstraeten André d'Hoore department of Abdominal Surgery University Hospital Leuven Leuven University Fertility Centre department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Leuven

Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that presents as endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus and induces a chronic inflammatory reaction. Up to 15% of women in their reproductive period are affected by this condition. deep endometriosis is defined as endometriosis located more than 5 mm beneath the peritoneal surface. This type of endometriosis is mostly found on the uterosacral ligaments, inside the rectovaginal septum or vagina, in the rectosigmoid area, ovarian fossa, pelvic peritoneum, ureters, and bladder, causing a distortion of the pelvic anatomy. The frequency of bowel endometriosis is unknown, but in cases of bowel infiltration, about 90% are localized on the sigmoid colon or the rectum. Colorectal involvement results in alterations of bowel habits such as constipation, diarrhea, tenesmus, dyschezia, and, rarely, rectal *** diagnosis must be made in case of irritable bowel syndrome,solitary rectal ulcer syndrome,and a rectal tumor.A precise diagnosis about the presence,location,and extent of endometriosis is necessary to plan surgical *** laparoscopic treatment has become the standard of *** on the size of the lesion and site of involvement,fullthickness disc excision or bowel resection needs to be performed by an experienced colorectal *** outcomes,following bowel resection for severe endometriosis,regarding pain and recurrence rate are good with a pregnancy rate of 50%.

关键词： Endometriosis Colorectal endometriosis deeply infiltrative endometriosis Laparoscopy diagno-sis Treatment

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Vapors in the ambient-A complication in tribological studies or an engineering solution of tribological problems?

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Friction 2015年第2期3卷 85-114页

作者： Ala ALAZIZI anthony J.BARTHEL Nicholas d.SURdYKA Jiawei LUO Seong H.KIM department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Tribology involves not only two-body contacts of two solid materials-a substrate and a counter-surface;it often involves three-body contacts whether the third body is intentionally introduced or inevitably added during the sliding or *** intentionally added third body could be lubricant oil or engineered nano-material used to mitigate the friction and wear of the sliding *** inevitably added third body could be wear debris created from the substrate or the counter surface during *** in the absence of any solid third-body between the sliding surfaces,molecular adsorption of water or organic vapors from the surrounding environment can dramatically alter the friction and wear behavior of solid surfaces tested in the absence of lubricant *** review article covers the last case:the effects of molecular adsorption on sliding solid surfaces both inevitably occurring due to the ambient test and intentionally introduced as a solution for engineering *** will review how adsorbed molecules can change the course of wear and friction,as well as the mechanical and chemical behavior,of a wide range of materials under sliding conditions.

关键词： vapor phase lubrication environmental effect

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Paths to low-cost hydrogen energy at a scale for transportation applications in the USA and China via liquid-hydrogen distribution networks

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Clean Energy 2020年第1期4卷 26-47页

作者： Xianming Jimmy Li Jeffrey d.Allen Jerad A.Stager anthony Y.Ku NICE America Research 2091 Stierlin CtMountain ViewCA 94043USA National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy PO Box 001Future Science&Technology CityChangping DistrictBeijing 102209P.R.China

The cost of delivered H2 using the liquid-distribution pathway will approach$4.3-8.0/kg in the USA and 26-52 RMB/kg in China by around 2030,assuming large-scale ***,hydrogen as an industrial gas and a chemical feedstock has enjoyed a long and successful ***,it has been slow to take off as an energy carrier for transportation,despite its benefits in energy diversity,security and environmental stewardship.A key reason for this lack of progress is that the cost is currently too high to displace petroleum-based *** paper reviews the prospects for hydrogen as an energy carrier for transportation,clarifies the current drivers for cost in the USA and China,and shows the potential for a liquid-hydrogen supply chain to reduce the costs of delivered *** and economic trade-offs between individual steps in the supply chain(***,transportation,refuelling)are examined and used to show that liquid-H2(LH2)distribution approaches offer a path to reducing the delivery cost of H2 to the point at which it could be competitive with gasoline and diesel fuel.

关键词： fuel hydrogen liquid transportation infrastructure refuelling hydrogen-distribution pathway

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24-Hour movement behaviours and COVId-19 among children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:A repeat cross-sectional study

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第3期4卷 177-182页

作者： Yazeed A.Alanazi Anne-Maree Parrish anthony d.Okely Early Start and School of Health&Society University of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia College of Sport Science and Physical Activity King Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute WollongongNSW2522Australia

This study investigated how children's 24-hour(24-h)movement behaviours were affected by SARS-CoV-2(COVId-19)in the Kingdom of Saudi *** research examined 24-h movement behaviours in Saudi Arabia seven months after the World Health Organization(WHO)declared COVId-19 a global *** repeat cross-sectional study examined changes in 24-h movement behaviours 12 months after the WHO *** Time 2 survey repeated five months(1 March–15 May 2021)after Time 1 survey(1 October–11 November 2020).The survey was distributed to parents of children aged 6–12 years across Saudi Arabia via an online *** were classified as meeting 24-h movement guidelines if they reported uninterrupted sleep for 9–11 h per night,2 h of recreational sedentary screen time(RST)per day and-60 min of moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)per day.A total of 1045 parents from all regions of Saudi Arabia responded(42.4%).Only 1.8%of children met all components of the guidelines,compared to 3.4%in Time *** the present study,girls spent more days per week in MVPA-60 min duration than boys(3.0 vs 2.6;p=0.025),while boys had spent more days per week engaged in activities that strengthened muscle and bone than girls(3.0 vs 2.8;p=0.019).Healthy levels of physical activity(PA),sedentary behaviour(SB)and sleep further declined in Saudi children five months after the Time 1 *** challenges require urgent intervention to ensure children's movement behaviours improve as Saudi Arabia moves out of the COVId-19 pandemic.

关键词： Sleep Sedentary behaviour Physical activity Children COVId-19

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