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Lymphoproliferative disorders in inflammatory bowel disease patients on immunosuppression: Lessons from other inflammatory disorders

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2015年第4期6卷 181-192页

作者： Grace Y Lam Brendan P Halloran anthea c peters Richard N Fedorak Department of Medicine Division of Internal Medicine University of Alberta Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of Alberta Department of Medicine Division of HematologyUniversity of Alberta

Immunosuppressive agents, such as thiopurines, methotrexate, and biologics, have revolutionized the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). However, a number of case reports, case control studies and retrospective studies over the last decade have identified a concerning link between immunosuppression and lymphoproliferative disorders(LPDs), the oncological phenomenon whereby lymphocytes divide uncontrollably. These LPDs have been associated with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection in which the virus provides the impetus for malignant transformation while immunosuppression hampers the immune system's ability to detect and clear these malignant cells. As such, the use of immunosuppressive agents may come at the cost of increased risk of developing LPD. While little is known about the LPD risk in IBD, more is known about immunosuppression in the post-transplantation setting and the development of EBV associated posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders(PTLD). In review of the PTLD literature, evidence is available to demonstrate that certain immune suppressants such as cyclosporine and T-lymphocyte modulators in particular are associated with an increased risk of PTLD development. As well, high doses of immunosuppressive agents and multiple immunosuppressive agent use are also linked to increased PTLD development. Here,we discuss these findings in context of IBD and what future studies can be taken to understand and reduce the risk of EBV-associated LPD development from immunosuppression use in IBD.

关键词： Epstein-Barr virus Immunosuppression Post-transpla

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Real-time solution of nonlinear potential flow equations for lifting rotors

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chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第3期30卷 871-880页

作者： Jianzhe HUANG David peters Department of Energy and Power Engineering Harbin Engineering University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington University in St.Louis

Analysis of rotorcraft dynamics requires solution of the rotor induced flow ***,the appropriate model to be used for induced flow is nonlinear potential flow theory（which is the basis of vortex-lattice methods）.These nonlinear potential flow equations sometimes must be solved in real time––such as for real-time flight simulation,when observers are needed for controllers,or in preliminary design *** this paper,the major effects of nonlinearities on induced flow are studied for lifting rotors in low-speed flight and *** approach is to use a nonlinear statespace model of the induced flow based on a Galerkin treatment of the potential flow equations.

关键词： Mass-flow Nonlinear Potential flow Real-time flight simulator Rotorcraft dynamics Swirl Wake contraction

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A framework for quantifying properties of 3-dimensional movement-based signals

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current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 327-336页

作者： Shaun TD NEW Richard A peters ARc centre of Excellence in Vision Science Division of EvolutionEcology & GeneticsResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National University

Understanding how signal properties are optimized for the reliable transmission of information requires accurate de- scription of the signal in time and space. For movement-based signals where movement is restricted to a single plane, measure- ments from a single viewpoint can be used to consider a range of viewing positions based on simple geometric calculations. However, considerations of signal properties from a range of viewing positions for movements extending into three-dimensions （3D） are more problematic. We present here a new framework that overcomes this limitation, and enables us to quantify the extent to which movement-based signals are view-specific. To illustrate its application, a Jacky lizard tail flick signal was filmed with synchronized cameras and the position of the tail tip digitized for both recordings. camera aligmnent enabled tl^e construction of a 3D display action pattern profile. We analyzed the profile directly and used it to create a detailed 3D animation. In the virtual environment, we were able to film the same signal from multiple viewing positions and using a computational motion analysis algorithm （gradient detector model） to measure local image velocity in order to predict view dependent differences in signal properties. This approach will enable consideration of a range of questions concerning movement-based signal design and evolu- tion that were previously out of reach [current Zoology 56 （3）： 327-336, 2010].

关键词： Signal evolution Sensory Ecology Movement-based signal 3D Display Action Pattern

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co-culture methods to study neuronal function and disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 972-973页

作者： Sarah B.peters Division of Biosciences College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

co-culture methods to study neuronal function and disease:Injury,infection and degenerative diseases can occur throughout the body,potentially causing impaired organ function,loss of sensation,increased pain and/or tissue ***,researchers have begun to investigate ways to better mimic organ physiology by culturing neurons with the cell-type(s)-ofinterest toward the goals of regenerating organs that accurately communicate with autonomic and sensory-somatic nervous systems.

关键词： impaired sensation organs

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Optimum blade loading for a powered rotor in descent

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chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2016年第3期29卷 580-584页

作者： Ramin Modarres David A.peters Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Washington University in St.Louis

The optimum loading for rotors has previously been found for hover, climb and wind turbine conditions; but, up to now, no one has determined the optimum rotor loading in descent. This could be an important design consideration for rotary-wing parachutes and low-speed des- cents. In this paper, the optimal loading for a powered rotor in descent is found from momentum theory based on a variational principle. This loading is compared with the optimal loading for a rotor in hover or climb and with the Betz rotor loading （which is optimum for a lightly-loaded rotor）. Wake contraction for each of the various loadings is also presented.

关键词： Descent HelicopterInflow Loading Optimum

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What actually is the Münch hypothesis?A short history of assimilate transport by mass flow

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第5期59卷 292-310页

作者： Michael Knoblauch Winfried S.peters School of Biological Sciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWashington 99164USA

In the 192os, the German forestry scientist Ernst M{Jnch postulated that photo-assimilate transport is a mass flow driven by osmotically induced pressure gradients between source organs （high turgot） and sink organs （lower turgor）. Two crucial components of MOnch＇s hypothesis, the translocation by mass flow from sources to sinks and the osmotic mechanism of pressure flow, were established notions at the time, but had been developed by two institutionally separated groups of scholars. A conceptual separation of wholepplant biology from cellular physiology had followed the institutional separation of forestry science from botany in German-speaking central Europe during the so-called Humboldtian reforms, and was reinforced by the delayed institutionalization of plant physiology as an academic discipline. Munch did not invent a novel concept, but accomplished an integration of the organism-focused and the cell-focused research traditions, reducing the polarization that had evolved when research universities emerged in central Europe. Post-Munch debates about the validity of his hypothesis focused increasingly on the suitability of available research methodologies, especially the electron microscope and the proper interpretation of the results it produced. The present work reconstructs the influence of the dynamic scientific and non-scientific context on the history of the Munch hypothesis.

关键词： William J. Lucas University of california Davis USA

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Divergent foraging behavior in a hybrid zone： Darwin＇s tree finches （camarhynchus spp.） on Floreana Island

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current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 181-190页

作者： Katharina J. peters Sonia KLEINDORFER School of Biological Sciences Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide 5001 Australia

Hybrid speciation is increasingly recognized as a mechanism for novel evolutionary trajectories. However, we know very little about the ecology of a contact zone that has arisen in sympatry. This study examines the foraging behavior and fitness of two species of Darwin＇s tree finches （camarhynchus parvulus, c pauper） and hybrid offspring on Floreana Island. Previous study showed that the percentage of hybrids in the tree finch population increased from 19% in 2005 to 41% in 2010, and their body and beak size increased by -5% （parental phenotype did not change）. In 2005-2006, all three tree finch groups （two paren- tal species and hybrid birds） used the same foraging substrate, technique, and height. By 2010-2013, the small tree finch c. par- vulus had changed its foraging technique and the medium tree finch c. pauper had changed its foraging height. Both parental species had higher body condition when foraging at （divergent） mean foraging heights per species but hybrid birds did not. We discuss the implications of conserving forest to facilitate vertical niche expansion and the role of hybridization for genetic persis- tence [current Zoology 61 （1）： 181-190, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Speciation Adaptive radiation conservation Scalesia Ecological niche

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critiquing and Joining Intersections of Disaster,conflict,and Peace Research

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第5期11卷 555-567页

作者： Laura E.R.peters Ilan Kelman college of Earth.Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallis.OR 97331USA Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction and Institute for Global HealthUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 6BT.UK University of Agder.4630 Kristiansand Norway

Disaster research,conflict research,and peace research have rich and deep histories,yet they do not always fully intersect or learn from each other,even when they investigate if and how disasters lead to conflict or *** has tended to focus on investigating causal linkages between disaster(including those associated with climate change)and conflict,and disaster diplomacy emerged as a thread of explanatory research that investigates how and why disaster-related activities do and do not in fluence peace and ***,definitive conclusions on the disaster-conflict-peace nexus have evaded scientific consensus,in part due to conceptual,methodological,and interpretive differences among *** article highlights that this nexus would benefit from a more robust engagement with each field's foundational research that explores beyond binary and crude *** are concepts of destructive and constructive conflict;direct,structural,and cultural violence,and their relationships to vulnerability;negative and positive peace;and the ideals and realities of peacebuilding and conflict *** article demonstrates how integrated scholarship could open up and advance new lines of questioning,with implications for developing cohere nt research,policy,and *** article concludes by offering recommendations for how to better connect disaster,conflict,and peace research.

关键词： climate change conflict research Disaster diplomacy Disaster risk reduction Peace research

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Long-term User and community Impacts of High-speed Rail in the United States’Midwest corridor

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2014年第3期3卷 193-210页

作者： Jeffrey c.peters En-Pei Han Daniel DeLaurentis Srinivas Peeta Purdue University School of Civil Engineering/Nextrans Center3000 Kent AvenueWest LafayetteIN 47906 Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics701 West Stadium AvenueWest LafayetteIN 47907 Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics701 West Stadium AvenueWest LafayetteIN 47907-0418

This study contributes new insights in the debate over the viability of high-speed rail(HSR)in the United States and the value proposition for government *** modeling focus of this study is two-fold,and the modeling approach makes a case for a fundamental shift from the current perspective of HSR ***,the user and community impact assessment of HSR is conducted in the same manner as traditional transportation system evaluation(i.e.,vehicle operating costs(VOc),travel time,safety,emissions,and energy consumption)to provide comparable conclusions regarding intercity transportation ***,the model presented in this study analyzes both ridership and impacts within the same systematic framework to assess the long-term impacts on the individual transportation modes,total system metrics,and efficacy of alternate *** this model,decision-makers can introduce various externalities to determine both the ideal and problematic conditions for the viability of a new HSR system.

关键词： investment travel transportation

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Analyzing the Potential for Highspeed Rail as Part of the Multimodal Transportation System in the United States’Midwest corridor

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2014年第2期3卷 129-148页

作者： Jeffrey c.peters En-Pei Han Srinivas Peeta Daniel DeLaurentis Purdue University School of Civil Engineering/Nextrans Center3000 Kent AvenueWest LafayetteIN 47906 Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics701 West Stadium AvenueWest LafayetteIN 47907

With increasing demand and rising fuel costs,both travel time and cost of current intercity passenger transportation modes are becoming increasingly *** the world,high-speed rail(HSR)is seen as a way to alleviate demand on highways and at *** is the critical element in determining the viability of a large capital,long-term transportation *** paper provides a systematic,consistent methodology for analyzing systemwide modal ridership with and without a proposed HSR network and analyzes the potential for high-speed rail as part of the existing multimodal transportation system in a region in terms of *** of capital investment(e.g.,network design and HSR speed),along with exogenous demographic,technological,economic,and policy trends in the long-term,are used to project ridership over *** study represents an important step toward a consistent,comprehensive economic analysis of HSR in the United States.

关键词： investment modal network

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