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rainfall Variability and Trends in West Africa

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 72-83页

作者： anoumou réné tano François-Xavier Djézia Bella Bouo Justin Koffi Kouamé Yao Tchétché Sylvain Djédjé Zézé Bafétigué Ouattara Equipe de la Physique pour l’Environnement Laboratoire de Physique Fondamentale et Appliquée Université NANGUI ABROGOUA Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Laboratoire de Physique Université de Man Man C&#244 te d’Ivoire

rainfall variability associated with climate change has enormous impacts on ecosystems, agriculture and people in West Africa but few studies have been devoted to it. Monthly rainfall data from 1901 to 2013, provided by the Global Precipitation Climatology Center dataset, were analyzed using segmentation and empirical modal decomposition (EMD) methods to increase our knowledge on past and recent spatio-temporal rainfall trends and their impacts on the West African region. The results obtained showed that the peak of rainfall during the short rainy season is observed in September in Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana and Liberia. The temporal variability of this rainfall is marked by several breakpoints whose durations range from 2 to 70 years. The periods of change in the rainfall regime, characterized by the appearance of breakpoints, vary from one country to another and are of unequal duration. The main breakpoint appears after 1960. Periods of relative or normal increase or decrease in precipitation are observed before and after 1960. The long-term variability of this rainfall is characterized by a decrease in the amount of rainfall over all West African countries. The results of this study can be used as a tool to help raise awareness among populations for sustainable management of water resources in response to climate change and its adverse effects.

关键词： rainfall Variability Segmentation Method Empirical Mode Decomposition Method West Africa

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Evolutive Trend of Water Level in the Ebrie Lagoon by reconstitution of the Tide Gauge Time Series in Front of the Abidjan Coastline (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Water resource and Protection 2023年第10期15卷 526-538页

作者： Samassy rokyatou Yéo Kokoa Chia Marie reine Allialy tano anoumou rene Mondé Sylvain Sangaré Seydou Kouadio Affian Laboratory of Geology Mining resources and Energy Felix Houphouet Boigny University Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physic Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Department of Hydrography Autonomous Port of Abidjan Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire

The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report shows that sea-level rise, which has been accelerated since the 19th century resulting to the global warming, threatens coastal areas with high population growth. A Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) assessment highlighted the lack of data in Africa, and in Côte d’Ivoire in particular. In order to estimate the evolutionary trend of sea level along the Ivorian coast, and to draw up preventive plans to protect properties and populations, we digitized 65 years of historical tidegrams recorded in the Ebrie Lagoon, using the “Surfer” and “nunieau” software, then processed them using “T-Tide” and “U-Tide” software. The average levels were calculated using the Demerliac filter from complete daily (day and night) recordings for providing a usable database of 31 years of hourly lagoon data from 1979 to 2015. Our results show that a mean water level in lagoon is 1.04 m. The evolutionary trend in sea level, estimated in the lagoon via the Vridi canal, during the rainy season is the most significant at 2.93 mm/year. This is followed by the dry season, with a trend of 2.89 mm/year. The flood season trend is 2.78 mm/year. This suggests that marine water inflows dominate continental inflows. Our results highlight the vulnerability of Côte d’Ivoire’s coasts to the risk of marine submersion.

关键词： Tide Mean Water Level Temporal Variability Vridi Channel Marine Submersion

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Effects of natural Processes on Sea Level Change along the West African Coastline

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2024年第4期14卷 78-95页

作者： anoumou r. tano Sandrine Djakouré Kouamé J. Koffi Yves Kouadio Yao Tchetche Donatus B. Angnuureng Angora Aman François-Xavier B. D. Bouo Appeaning Addo Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan Cote dIvoire Laboratory of Sciences of Matter Environment and Solar Energy Felix Houphoet Boigny University of Cocody Abidjan Cote dIvoire Laboratory of Physics University of Man Man Cote dIvoire Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal resilience University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Coastal hazards induced by meteo-marine forcing are exacerbated by sea level change along the West African coastline. Changes in sea level are induced by ocean processes such as ocean heat content and river discharge. However, although these processes control largely change in sea level, they remain poorly understood. This study analyzes changes in ocean heat content, river discharge, and sea level and establishes an interconnection between these parameters using several statistical methods over the 1993-2021 period. results showed a significant correlation between sea level and ocean heat content at 2000 m depth. The yearly minimum value appears in July from Cote d’Ivoire to Benin, whilst this value appears in June in nigeria. The temporal variability of ocean heat content, river discharge and sea level along the West African coastline exhibits three or four periods interrupted by some breakpoints with unequal duration. The results indicate that the 1993-2000 period was dominated by an increasing ocean heat content along the coastline, while the period after the 2000s exhibits mostly a decreasing trend. Positive and negative trends characterized river discharge and sea level along this coastline. The result of multiple linear regression between sea level, river discharge and ocean heat content is a good approximation of sea level trend along the West African coastline. The results of this study could be used to predict future sea level trends along the coast.

关键词： Coastal Sea Level river Discharge Heat Content West African Coast

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