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Groundwater quality in the vicinity of a dumpsite in Lagos metropolis,Nigeria

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Geography and Sustainability 2023年第4期4卷 379-390页

作者： Carla S.S.Ferreira Onyanta Adama-Ajonye anosike EIkenna Zahra Kalantari Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversitySE-10691 StockholmSweden Polytechnic Institute of Coimbr1 Applied Research InstituteRua da Misericórdi1Lagar dos Cortiços-S.Martinho do Bispo3045-093 Coimbr1Portugal Research Centre for Natural Resources Environment and Society(CERNAS)Polytechnic Institute of Coimbr1Bencant13045-601 Coimbr1Portugal Department of Human Geography Stockholm UniversitySE-10691 StockholmSweden University of Lagos Akok1Yab1LagosNigeria Department of Sustainable Development Environmental Science and EngineeringKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10044 StockholmSweden

Inappropriate management of municipal solid waste dumpsites is a major cause of groundwater contamination in developing countries,but the extent of the problem is not *** study investigated groundwater quality in the vicinity of Olusosun dumpsite in Lagos,Nigeria,the most populous city in sub-Saharan *** 2020,monthly groundwater samples were collected in 17 wells and boreholes used as drinking water sources,and analysed for 20 physico-chemical *** between sites and seasons were statistically assessed,together with changes in water quality index(WQI).The results indicated that heavy metals(Pb^(2+),Ni^(+),Mn^(2+),Fe^(2+),Cr^(6+)),cations(Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),K^(+)),total hardness and pH were the main parameters impairing water *** water quality standards from both the World Health Organization and Nigeria government were exceeded more often in the wet season than in the dry *** groundwater properties were negatively correlated with distance to dumpsite(e.g.,Fe^(2+),Pb^(2+),NO_(3)^(−)).Significant differences between sites were identified,but with no clear spatial *** varied from excellent(6%-24%of the sites over the study period)to unsuitable for drinking water purposes(12%-18%),with good quality prevailing at most sites(35%-47%).Although groundwater quality declined at 24%of the sites over 2020,the results indicated improvements compared with previous *** strategies must be implemented to safeguard public health and the sustainability of water resources.

关键词： Municipal solid waste dumpsite Groundwater quality Seasonal variation Heavy metals Nigeria

Single Zone, Zero Dimensional Model of Diesel Multiple-Injection

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Energy and Power Engineering 2016年第9期8卷 297-312页

作者： Ugochukwu Charles Ngwaka Chidebere Diyoke Nnamdi anosike Mechanical Engineering Department Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria Mechanical Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

A detailed single zone, zero dimensional model of diesel multiple-injection system was developed from first principle, for compression, combustion and expansion processes for direct injection diesel engine. Equilibrium equation of Extended Zeldolvich Mechanism (EZM) for NOx formation was incorporated to predict NOx emission. A different approach was assumed for the equilibrium temperature. An approach of using the average cycle temperature within NOx formation region was used in the EZM equilibrium equation. The model codes were implemented in MATLAB. This model is developed to investigate the effects of both single and multiple-pulse fuel injection strategies on engine performance and NOx emissions. The results obtained from the model were validated with experimental data available in the literature. Results obtained showed that the use of average cycle temperature within the NOx formation temperature region could be useful in predicting NOx formation with reasonable degree of accuracy. Injection timing, mass ratio of injected fuel, and dwell between pulses have significant effects on the NOx emission and engine performance. The results also show that as the number of pulses increases, NOx emission and engine performance decrease. For optimal balance between NOx and engine performance, mass of the pilot injection should be between 10 and 25% of the total mass of fuel used per cycle.

关键词： Multiple Injection Diesel Engine Emission

The Nigeria Government Engagement with the Private Health Sector

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第5期14卷 235-248页

作者： Nathan Ukuoghene Ikimi Adaeze Nneka anosike Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Department State House Medical Center Abuja FCT Nigeria Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Department Child Dental Unit National Hospital Abuja FCT Nigeria

In Nigeria, the healthcare sector is divided into primary health which is under the local government’s authority that oversees the Primary Health centers, secondary health which is under the supervision of the State Ministry of Health in charge of the State General Hospitals that cater to primary and secondary healthcare. Tertiary health is supervised by the Federal Ministry of Health that oversees the Federal Medical Centres, the Teaching Hospitals, and Specialist Training Centres. Not to be excluded from Nigeria’s healthcare system are the private clinics and the public-private partnership. The funding for healthcare systems is mainly budgetary allocations from the government. This systemic review was done using secondary literature, policy documents, peer-reviewed literature, and national newspapers, collected using search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline. The review was done over 2-month period from February-April 2024. The literature was arranged in order of relevance and the literature not used was kept aside. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that 11% of a country’s budget be allocated to health. African countries that make up the African Union (AU) recommended that 15% of each member African country’s yearly budget should be committed to providing healthcare services to her citizens. Unfortunately, Nigeria has yet to attain either the WHO target or the AU target while committing an average, of 6% of her budgetary allocation to health. On the other hand, her neighbouring West African country Ghana, has met the average of 15% recommended by AU. The improved National Health Insurance Authority and the government’s partnership with the private health sector in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is hoped and would improve access to affordable healthcare in general and oral healthcare in particular.

关键词： Health-Funding Oral Healthcare Public-Private Partnership

Associated Gas Utilization Using Gas Turbine Engine, Performance Implication—Nigerian Case Study

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Energy and Power Engineering 2016年第3期8卷 137-145页

作者： Nnamdi anosike Abudssalam El-Suleiman Pericles Pilidis Mechanical Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa Nigeria Deparment of Power and Propulsion Engineering Cranfield University Cranfield UK

Typically, crude oil production in Nigeria always accompanied by surface production of associated gas. With little associated gas recovery facilities in place, majority of associated gas is continuously flared with few portions re-injected into the reservoir for enhance oil recovery (EOR). In addition to environmental hazards, wasting substantial amount of produced associated gas is deemed detrimental to a country currently generating less than 54% of its electric power requirement. Onsite power generation as one of the many means of utilization of associated gas has been conceived. Conversely, the availability and performance of the gas turbine engine for onsite associated gas utilization requires evaluation owing to variations in associated natural gas composition globally and the dependency of associated gas production on reservoirs and oil production activities. This paper presents an analytical investigation of gas turbine engine inspired by GE LMS100 frame engine for onsite utilization of associated gas in Nigeria. Gas turbine performance results are presented and performance parameters are compared against typical commercial natural gas grade.

关键词： Associated Gas Monetization Onsite Power Generation Gas-to-Power Gas Turbine Performance

The anti-inflammatory activity of garden egg(Solanuni aethiopicum) on egg albumin-induced oedema and granuloma tissue formation in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第1期5卷 62-66页

作者： anosike Chiuma Assumpta Onyechi Obidoa Lawrence U S Ezeanyika Department of Biochemistry University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Biochemistry Kogi State UniversityAnyigbaKogi StateNigeria

Objective:To evaluate the possible anti-inflammatory effect of garden egg[Solatium aethiopieum (***)]using experimentally induced inflammatory models in ***:Oedema was induced on the rat hind paw In the injection of 0.1 mL undiluted fresh egg albumin(pbilogistic agent) into the subplantar surface of the rat *** granuloma was induced in the rats by the implantation of two autoelaved cotton pellets(30 mg) under the flank o(previously shaved back of anaesthetised *** egg extract doses were administered to the rats for seven consecutive *** dav *** animals were killed and the pellets surrounded by granuloma tissue were disseeled out and ***:Extracts of garden egg significanlly(P<0.05) reduced the fresh egg albumin-induced ral paw oedema and also significantly(P<0.05) reduced the granuloma tissue formation in the treated groups when compared to the ***:This stud) shows that the fruits of garden egg(***) have anti-inflammatory activity in the models studied.

关键词： Solanum aethiopicum Inflammation Oedema reduction Granuloma tissue Rats

Probabilistic Exergoeconomic Analysis of Transcorp Power Plant, Ughelli

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Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第10期9卷 588-613页

作者： Otujevwe Paul Ogbe Nnamdi Benedict anosike Ugochukwu C. Okonkwo Mechanical Engineeering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

In this study, the probabilistic exergoeconomic analysis was performed for four industrial gas turbine (GT) units comprising two (GT16 and GT19) units of 100?MW GE engine and two (GT8 and GT12) units of 25?MW Hitachi engine at Transcorp Power Limited, Ughelli. These four industrial GT engine units were modelled and simulated using natural gas as fuel. The design point (DP) simulation results of the modelled GT engines were validated with the available DP thermodynamic data from original equipment manufacturer (OEM). This was done before the off-design point (ODP) simulation was carried out which represents the plant operations. The results obtained from exergy analysis at full load operation show that the turbine has the highest exergy efficiency followed by compressor and combustion having the least. For turbines these were 96.13% for GT8 unit, 98.02% for GT12 unit, 96.26% for GT16 unit, and 96.30% for GT19 unit. Moreover, the combustion chamber has the highest exergy destruction efficiency of 55.16% GT8 unit, 56.58% GT12 unit, 43.90% GT16 unit, and 43.30% GT19 unit respectively. The exergy analysis results obtained from the four units show that the combustion chamber (CC) is the most significant exergy destruction with lowest exergy efficiency and highest exergy destruction efficiency of plant components. The exergoeconomic analysis results from four units showed combustion chamber exergy destruction cost of 531.08 $/h GT8 unit, 584.53 $/h GT12 unit, 2351.81 $/h GT16, and 2315.93 $/h GT19 unit. The probabilistic results and analysis based on the input parameters distributions?were?evaluated and discussed.

关键词： Exergy Destruction Efficiency Exergoeconomic Exergy Cost Rates Part-Load Probabilistic

Analysis of Nigerian Electricity Generation Multi Year Tariff Order Pricing Model

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Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第10期9卷 541-554页

作者： Nnamdi B. anosike Jude E. Dara Ugochukwu C. Ngwaka Frances O. Enemuoh Mechanical Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Mechanical Engineering Department Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria Electrical Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

The Multi Year Tariff Order (MYTO) is the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) pricing framework for determining the Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry (NESI) pricing model. One of the objectives of the NERC’s MYTO pricing model is to ensure regulated electricity end user tariff without compromising return on investment. Achieving this objective is imperative to attract investors in the growing Nigerian electricity market. However, NESI has hitherto been faced with challenges ranging from its inability to provide sufficient power to its customers to not being viable enough to provide return on capital invested. In this paper, sensitivity analysis of power plant operation and performance parameters on the cost of electricity (CoE) generation using MYTO (power generation) pricing model were evaluated. Thermodynamic modeling and simulation of an open cycle gas turbine (OCGT) was carried out to augment scarce data on power plant performance and operation in Nigeria. Sensitivity analysis was carried out using probabilistic method based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) implemented in commercial software (@ Risk®). The result highlighted sensitivity of the model input parameters to cost of electricity generation based on technical and financial assumptions of MYTO model. Seven most influential parameters affecting generation cost were identified. These parameters and their correlation coefficients are given as: 1) foreign exchange rate, 0.76;2) cost of fuel, 0.51;3) thermal efficiency, -0.23;4) variable operation and maintenance cost, 0.22;5) fixed operating and maintenance cost, -0.03;6) capacity factor, -0.02;and 7) average capacity degradation, 0.01. Based on the gas turbine engine and input parameter distributions statistics for this study, the generation cost lies between 9.84 to 15.45 N/kWh and the probabilities of CoE within these values were established.

关键词： Nigerian electricity Market Generation Multi Year Tariff Order (MYTO) Combustion Turbine Electricity Price Uncertainty Government Interventions