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Optimization of residence time distribution in RCDG and an assessment of its applicability in continuous manufacturing

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Particuology 2021年第3期19卷 43-49页

作者： annika Wilms Peter Kleinebudde Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Institute of Pharmaceutics and BiopharmaceuticsUniversitätsstraße 140225 DüsseldorfGermany INVITE GmbH Drug Delivery Innovation Center(DDIC)Chempark Building W3251368 LeverkusenGermany

Knowledge of residence time is a critical aspect in developing control and material diversion strategies for continuous manufacturing processes in pharmaceutical *** granulation is a promising continuous granulation technique as it is fast and *** this study,a step-change method to determine residence time in roll compaction/dry granulation is *** factors roll speed and rotational speed of the impeller in the powder inlet unit of the compactor were evaluated using a central composite circumscribed statistical design of experiments in order to optimize the residence *** fill volume in the compactor was varied *** was found that high roll speed,low rotational speed of the impeller and low fill volume in the compactor are beneficial to generate fast transition through the *** impact of roll speed increase was *** can be concluded that despite fast residence time in the process,high roll speed and its subsequent high material throughput can generate a large amount of material that has to be discarded if material diversion is required.

关键词： Roll compaction/dry granulation Residence time distribution Continuous manufacturing Digital image analysis Response surface optimization

A Transmission Electron Microscopy study of Plate Martensite Formation in High-carbon Low Alloy steels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第4期29卷 373-379页

作者： Albin stormvinter Peter Hedstrm annika Borgenstam Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Industrial Engineering and ManagementKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44 StockholmSweden

The martensitic microstructures in two high-carbon low alloy steels have been investigated by classical and automated crystallographic analysis under a transmission electron microscope. It is found that the martensitic substructure changes from consisting mostly of transformation twins for 1.20 mass% carbon （C） steel to both transformation twins and planar defects on {101}M for 1.67 mass% C steel. In the 1.67 mass% C steel it is further found that small martensite units have a rather homogeneous substructure, while large martensite units are more inhomogeneous. In addition, the martensite units in both steels are frequently found to be of zigzag patterns and have distinct crystallographic relationships with neighboring martensite units, e.g. kink or wedge couplings. Based on the present findings the development of martensite in high-carbon low alloy steels is discussed and a schematic of the martensite formation is presented. Moreover, whether the schematic view can be applied to plate martensite formation in general, is discussed.

关键词： Transmission electron microscopy High-carbon low alloy steel Plate martensite

Lymph node staging in colorectal cancer:Old controversies and recent advances

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8515-8526页

作者： annika Resch Cord Langner Institute of Pathology Medical University of Graz

Outcome prediction based on tumor stage reflected by the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control(UICC)tumor node metastasis(TNM)system is currently regarded as the strongest prognostic parameter for patients with colorectal *** affected patients,the indication for adjuvant therapy is mainly guided by the presence of regional lymph node *** addition to the extent of surgical lymph node removal and the thoroughness of the pathologist in dissecting the resection specimen,several parameters that are related to the pathological work-up of the dissected nodes may affect the clinical significance of lymph node *** include changing definitions of lymph nodes,involved lymph nodes,and tumor deposits in different editions of the AJCC/UICC TNM system as well as the minimum number of nodes to be *** to increase the lymph node yield in the fatty tissue include methylene blue injection and acetone *** prediction based on the lymph node ratio,defined as the number of positive lymph nodes divided by the total number of retrieved nodes,may be superior to the absolute numbers of involved *** invasion has been identified as additional prognostic *** step sectioning and immunohistochemistry to the pathological work-up may result in higher accuracy of histological *** clinical value of more recent technical advances,such as sentinel lymph node biopsy and molecular analysis of lymph nodes tissue still remains to be defined.

关键词： Colon cancer Rectum cancer Tumor stag-ing Lymph node metastasis Prognosis Sentinel lymph node Lymph node ratio Extracapsular invasion Im-munohistochemistry Molecular analysis

Smoking prevalence in the area of responsibility of the German Ministry of Defense——results of the employee survey in the context of occupational health management

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Military Medical Research 2020年第3期7卷 343-349页

作者： stefan Sammito annika Claus Dirk-Matthias Rose Department I 3 Research&Development Air Force Centre of Aerospace MedicineCologneGermany Occupational Medicine Faculty of MedicineOtto-von-Guericke-University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany Institute for Teachers’Health Institute of OccupationalSocial and Environmental Medicine of the Johannes-Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany

Background:Tobacco use,correlated with reduced physical fitness,is one of the leading causes of avoidable death *** increases the risk of dementia and can shorten the lifespan by 10 *** the German Armed Forces(Bundeswehr),figures on smoking behavior have not been comprehensively *** study analyzes current data in a large sample from this ***:Based on an employee survey as part of the Occupational Health Management System,data on smoking behavior from 13,326 participants were analyzed in relation to age,gender,professional status,education level and membership in military operational units versus other ***:Smoking behavior varied significantly(Polder),gender,professional status,military agency membership status,and education level(the lower the education level,the higher the smoking rates).With the exception of the downward trend in smoking behavior with increasing age among civilian employees,these results were all significant(Pstry of Defense is comparable to the current data from corresponding surveys of the German *** on gender,they generally show values that are slightly above those of the German *** well-known trend in the general population of decreasing smoking prevalence with increasing age is also seen in this ***,there are considerable differences in the smoking prevalence among individual subgroups(professional status,agency,gender,education level).The data show that particular young soldiers in the armed forces should be the target group for further preventive measures.

关键词： Prevention Smoking Military Health promotion

Alcohol consumption in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第24期18卷 3105-3111页

作者： Hannes Hagstrm Per stl Knut stokkeland annika Bergquist Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska Institutet14186 StockholmSweden Department of Medicine Visby HospitalKarolinska Institutet14186 StockholmSweden

AIM:To assess the alcohol drinking patterns in a cohort of primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) patients and the possible influence on the development of ***:Ninety-six patients with PSC were evaluated with a validated questionnaire about a patient's lifetime drinking habits:the lifetime drinking history(LDH) *** addition,clinical status,transient elastography and biochemistry values were analysed and *** were defined as having either significant or non-significant *** fibrosis was defined as either an elastography value of ≥ 17.3 kPa or the presence of clinical signs of *** were divided into two groups depending on their alcohol consumption patterns;no/low alcohol consumption(one drink or unit/d) and moderate/high alcohol consumption(≥ 1 drink or unit/d).LDH data were calculated to estimate lifetime alcohol intake(LAI),current alcohol intake,drinks per year before and after diagnosis of *** also calculated the number of episodes of binge-drinking(defined as consuming ≥ 5 drinks per occasion) in total,before and after the diagnosis of ***:The mean LAI was 3882 units of alcohol,giving a mean intake after onset of alcohol consumption of 2.6 units per *** 9% of patients consumed alcohol equal to or more than one unit per *** alcohol intake in patients with significant fibrosis(n = 26) was less than in patients without significant fibrosis(n = 70),as shown by lower values of phosphatidylethanol(B-PEth)(0.1 mol/L vs 0.33 mol/L,respectively,P = 0.002) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin(CDT)(0.88% vs 1.06%,respectively,P = 0.02).Self-reported LAI was similar between the two *** with significant fibrosis reduced their alcohol intake after diagnosis from 103 to 88 units per year whereas patients without fibrosis increased their alcohol intake after PSC diagnosis from 111 to 151 units/*** were no correlations between elastography values and intake of alcoho

关键词： Alcohol Fibrosis Cirrhosis Lifetime drinkinghistory Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Benefits of past inventory data as prior information for the current inventory

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第2期7卷 263-273页

作者： annika Kangas Terje Gobakken Erik Næsset Bioeconomy and Environment Natural Resources Institute Luke(Finland)Yliopistokatu 680100 JoensuuFinland Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesP.O.Box 5003NO-1432ÅsNorway.

Background:When auxiliary information in the form of airborne laser scanning(ALS)is used to assist in estimating the population parameters of interest,the benefits of prior information from previous inventories are not *** a simulation study,we compared three different approaches:1)using only current data,2)using nonupdated old data and current data in a composite estimator and 3)using updated old data and current data with a Kalman *** also tested three different estimators,namely i)Horwitz-Thompson for a case of no auxiliary information,ii)model-assisted estimation and iii)model-based *** compared these methods in terms of bias,precision and accuracy,as estimators utilizing prior information are not guaranteed to be ***:The largest standard errors were obtained when neither prior information nor auxiliary information were *** a growth model was not applied to update the old data,the resulting composite estimators were *** RMSEs were obtained using non-updated prior information in a composite *** the ALS data as auxiliary information produced smaller RMSE than using prior information from the old *** smallest RMSEs were obtained when both the auxiliary data and updated old data were *** growth updating the bias can be substantially reduced,although design-unbiasedness of the estimator cannot be ***:Prior information from old inventory data can be useful also when combined with highly accurate auxiliary information,when both data sources are efficiently *** benefits obtained from using the old data will increase if the past harvests can be detected without errors from changes in the auxiliary data instead of being predicted with models.

关键词： Data fusion Kalman filtering

Optimal plot design in a multipurpose forest inventory

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Helena M.Henttonen annika Kangas Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) Economics and Society unit

Background： We explore the factors affecting the optimal plot design （size and type as well as the subsample tree selection strategies within a plot） and their relative importance in defining the optimal plot design in amultipurpose forest inventory. The factors include time used to lay out the plot and to make the tree measurements within the plot, the between-plot variation of each of the variables of interest in the area, and the measurement and model errors for the different variables. Methods： We simulate different plot types and sizes and subsample tree selection strategies on measuredtest areas from North Lapland. The plot types used are fixed-radius, concentric and relascope plots. Weselect the optimal type and size first at plot level using a cost-plus-loss approach and then at cluster level byminimizing the weighted standard error with fixed budget. Results： As relascope plots are ve~/efficient at the plot level for volume and basal area, and fixed-radius plots for stems per ha, the optimal plot type strongly depends on the relative importance of these variables. The concentric plot seems to be a good compromise between these two in many cases. The subsample tree selection strategy was more important in selecting optimal plot than many other factors. In cluster level, the most important factor is the transfer time between plots. Conclusions： While the optimal radius of plots and other parameters were sensitive to the measurement times and other cost factors, the concentric plot type was optimal in almost all studied cases. Subsample tree measurement strategies need further studies, as they were an important cost factor. However, their importance to the precision was not as clear.

关键词： Sample Plot Forest inventory Measurement Cost Loss

Predicting stand age in managed forests using National Forest Inventory field data and airborne laser scanning

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 579-589页

作者： Matti Maltamo Hermanni Kinnunen annika Kangas Lauri Korhonen University of Eastern Finland School of Forest SciencesP.O.Box 11180101JoensuuFinland Natural Resources Institute Finland Bioeconomy and EnvironmentP.O.Box 6880100JoensuuFinland

Background: The aim of this study was to construct a nationwide stand age model by using National Forest Inventory(NFI) data and nationwide airborne laser scanning(ALS) data. In plantation forestry, age is usually *** this is not the case in boreal managed forests, age is still seldom predicted in forest management *** age accurately in situ is also very laborious. On the other hand, tree age is one of the accurately measured sample tree attributes in NFI field data. Many countries also have a nationwide coverage of airborne laser scanning(ALS) data. In this study, we merged these data sources and constructed a nationwide, area-based model for stand ***: While constructing the model, we omitted old forests from the data, since the correlation between ALS height metrics and stand age diminished at stands with age > 100 years. Additionally, the effect of growth conditions was considerable, so we also utilized different geographical and NFI variables such as site fertility and soil type in the modeling. The resultant nationwide model for the stand age of managed forests yielded a root mean square error(RMSE) of about 14 years. The model could be improved further by additional forest structure variables, but such information may not be available in ***: The results showed that the prediction of stand age by ALS, geographical and NFI information was challenging, but stil possible with moderate success. This study is an example of the joint use of NFI and nationwide ALS data and re-use of NFI data in research.

关键词： Forest stock age LiDAR NFI Nationwide model Growth conditions

Gallbladder emptying in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第28期15卷 3498-3503页

作者： Karouk Said Nick Edsborg Nils Albiin annika Bergquist Department of Gastroenterologyand Hepatology Karolinska Institute Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge14186 Stockholm Sweden Division of Radiology Karolinska Institute Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge 14186 Stockholm Sweden

AIM： To assess gallbladder emptying and its association with cholecystitis and abdominal pain in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis （PSC）. METHODS： Twenty patients with PSC and ten healthy subjects were investigated. Gallbladder fasting volume, ejection fraction and residual volume after ingestion of a test meal were compared in patients with PSC and healthy controls using magnetic resonance imaging. Symptoms, thickness and contrast enhancement of the gallbladder wall and the presence of cystic duct strictures were also assessed. RESULTS： Median fasting gallbladder volume in patients with PSC [67 （19-348） mL] was twice that in healthy controls [32 （16-55） mL] （P 〈 0.05）. The median postprandial gallbladder volume in patients with PSC was significantly larger than that in healthy controls （P 〈 0.05）. There was no difference in ejection fraction, gallbladder emptying volume or mean thickness of the gallbladder wall between PSC patients and controls. Contrast enhancement of the gallbladder wall in PSC patients was higher than that in controls; （69% ± 32%） and （42% ± 21%）（P 〈 0.05）. No significant association was found between the gallbladder volumes and occurrence of abdominal pain in patients and ***： Patients with PSC have increased fasting gallbladder volume. Gallbladder Mucosal dysfunction secondary to chronic cholecystitis, may be a possible mechanism for increased gallbladder.

关键词： Cholecystitis Ejection fraction Gallbladdervolume Magnetic resonance imaging