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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 64-117页

作者： Karl Adrian Gandionco Juwon Kim Lieven Bekaert annick Hubin Jongwoo Lim Department of Chemistry Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering(SURF) Department of Materials and ChemistryVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide offers a sound and economically viable technology for the electrification and decarbonization of the chemical and fuel *** this technology,an electrocatalytic material and renewable energy-generated electricity drive the conversion of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral *** the past few years,single-atom catalysts have been intensively studied as they could provide near-unity atom utilization and unique catalytic ***-atom catalysts have become one of the state-of-the-art catalyst materials for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into carbon ***,it remains a challenge for single-atom catalysts to facilitate the efficient conversion of carbon dioxide into products beyond carbon *** this review,we summarize and present important findings and critical insights from studies on the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction into hydrocarbons and oxygenates using single-atom *** is hoped that this review gives a thorough recapitulation and analysis of the science behind the catalysis of carbon dioxide into more reduced products through singleatom catalysts so that it can be a guide for future research and development on catalysts with industry-ready performance for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral fuels.

关键词： electrocatalysis electrochemical CO_(2)reduction hydrocarbons oxygenates single-atom catalysts

Birth Defects of the Child Optic Disc: Diagnostic Challenges and Prospects for Care

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 128-135页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou Davy Alex Mouinga Abayi annick Kougou Ntoutoume Hélène Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki Emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Congenital optic disc anomalies in children refer to structural variations of the optic nerve head present from birth. These deformations involve the size, shape, color, and vessels of the optic disc. Although often asymptomatic, these anomalies can impact the visual development of the child, underscoring the importance of a thorough fundus examination for early detection and appropriate medical follow-up. We present two cases of congenital optic disc anomalies in children, illustrating the diagnostic challenges and complexity of their management. Case 1: A 3-year-old girl presented with a white spot in her left eye present since birth. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 2/10 in the right eye, while she could perceive hand movements at 2 meters with the left eye. Normal examination in the right eye showed leukocoria, microphthalmia, and a white mass at the center of the optic disc on fundus examination in the left eye. Ocular imaging, including ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT), confirmed the diagnosis of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) in its mixed form in the left eye. Management included prescribing full optical correction and functional rehabilitation, without resorting to surgery. The course was marked by persistent amblyopia leading to a poor prognosis. Case 2: A 7-year-old girl consulted for vision disturbance in her right eye. Visual acuity was finger counting at 2 meters in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination revealed no abnormalities in both eyes. However, fundus examination highlighted a large funnel-shaped excavation associated with central glial proliferation, wheel spoke vessels, and neuroretinal ring atrophy in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the right eye confirmed the diagnosis of isolated unilateral Morning Glory syndrome. Management included full optical correction and orthoptic rehabilitation. The course was marked by the absence of ocular com

关键词： Optic Disc PHPV Morning Glory Diagnosis Treatment

A Rare Cause of Leukocoria in Children: Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第1期14卷 63-68页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou Davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Yoan Mboussou annick Kougou Ntoutoume Helene Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki Emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Médivision Clinic Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Leukocoria, a whitish pupillary reflection, is a common warning sign of various pediatric ocular pathologies, including Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHVP). This case report describes the observation of a 3-year-old child with melanoderma, presenting with a white spot in the left eye since birth. Observation: Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 2/10 in the right eye and hand movements were perceived at 2 meters in the left eye. Examination of the anterior segment in the left eye revealed leukocoria and microphthalmia. The fundus examination was normal in the right eye but revealed a white mass extending from the center of the optic disc towards the temporal region in the left eye. Ocular imaging, including ocular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography, confirmed the diagnosis of PHVP, illustrated by a residual white mass at the center of the optic disc in the left eye. Conclusion: PHVP should be considered in the presence of leukocoria in a child, with urgent exclusion of retinoblastoma. This observation underscores the importance of early diagnosis for appropriate management. .

关键词： PHVP Leukocoria Amblyopia Ocular Imaging Childhood

Predictive Factors for Pre-Eclampsia: A Case-Control Study in Two Hospitals in Yaounde

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 565-574页

作者： Junie annick Metogo Ntsama Ines Winnie Gouanfo Claude Hector Mbia Wilfried Loic Tatsipie Pascal Mpono Madye Ngo Dingom Felix Essiben Claude Cyrille Noa Ndoua Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound&#233 I Yaound&#233 Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality, that complicates 2% to 8% of pregnancies worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors for pre-eclampsia in two hospitals in the city of Yaoundé. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Gynaecology & Obstetrics department of the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital (YGOPH) and the Main Maternity of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (MM-YCH) from February 1 to July 30, 2022. The cases were all pregnant women presenting with pre-eclampsia. The control group included pregnant women without pre-eclampsia. Descriptive statistics followed by logistic regression analyses were conducted with level of significance set at p-value Results: Included in the study were 33 cases and 132 controls, giving a total of 165 participants. The predictive factors for pre-eclampsia after multivariate analysis were: primiparity (aOR = 51.86, 95% CI: 3.01 - 1230.96, p = 0.045), duration of exposure to partner’s sperm Conclusion: The odds of pre-eclampsia increased with primiparity, duration of exposure to partner’s sperm < 3 months, personal history of pre-eclampsia and maternal history of pre-eclampsia. Recognition of these predictor factors would improve the ability to diagnose and monitor women likely to develop pre-eclampsia before the onset of disease for timely interventions.

关键词： Pre-Eclampsia Predictive Factors Yaoundé

Determinants of Early Survival of Breast Cancer Patients in Yaoundé-Cameroon

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第3期14卷 487-501页

作者： Um Esther Meka Ngo Junie annick Metogo Ntsama Kodoumé Motolouze Naomi Marie Laurene Ndtoungou Schouame Obalemba Etienne Atenguena Claude Cyrille Noa Ndoua Robinson Enow Mbu Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Hospital Center for Research and Application in Endoscopic Surgery and Human Reproduction Yaoundé Cameroon Yaoundé General Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. We carried out this study with the aim of evaluating the determinants of early survival of women with breast cancer in two hospitals in the city of Yaoundé. Methodology: This was an analytical cross-sectional study with retrospective and prospective data collection of breast cancer patients during 6 years in two Hospitals of Yaoundé from January 2017 to December 2022. We consulted the files in search of epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and survival variables. We completed the survival data directly from the patients or their relatives after their consent. We analyzed the data using SPSS version 23.0 software. Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival curves were compared using the Log Rank test. Factors influencing survival were evaluated using the Cox model. The significance threshold (P value) was set at 0.05 at 95% confidence interval. The study was approved by the ethics committees. Results: We included 500 patients whose ages varied between 22 and 83 years with a mean age of 47.19 ± 11.61 years. The most represented age group was 30 to 45 years old (45.8%). Less than half (41.6%) were postmenopausal. The most frequent reason for consultation was a breast lump (79.9%). The most common clinical stage at presentation was stage-3 (47.6%). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most represented histological type (84.7%). The most represented histological grade was grade 2 (40.2%). Immunohistochemistry was performed in 34.20% of cases. The most represented molecular subtype was triple negative (41.8%) followed by Luminal A (30%). Concerning treatment, 17.2% did not receive any, 45% had surgery, 79.4% had chemotherapy, 34.2% hormone therapy, and 14.6% radiotherapy. The survival of patients with breast cancer at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years was respectively 90.6%;83.1%;74.2%;69.8% and 59.2%. The median survival was not reached;however, the first quartil

关键词： Determinants Early Survival Breast Cancer Yaoundé

Ocular Complications in Diabetic Patients: Prevalence, Impact on Quality of Life, and Implications for Healthcare

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 149-158页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou Davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Daniella Nsame annick Kougou Ntoutoume Hélène Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki Emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Endocrinology Department at the Libreville Hospital Center Department of Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Diabetes, a chronic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, poses a major global health challenge. In Gabon, 10% of the population is affected by this condition, highlighting the need to actively understand and manage it. Ocular complications of diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataracts, have a devastating impact on patients quality of life and represent a crucial issue for healthcare systems. Methodology: This study conducted in Libreville from February 9, 2022, to April 15, 2022, was cross-sectional, longitudinal, and descriptive, with prospective data collection. Participants were diabetic patients regularly followed in the endocrinology department of CHUL, who were referred for a comprehensive ophthalmological examination at CHUO. Sampling was exhaustive, with strict inclusion criteria aimed at ensuring the representativeness of the study population. Results: The mean age of participants was 57.5 ± 13.2 years with a male-to-female ratio of 0.8. Personal histories were dominated by hypertension, while family histories were dominated by diabetes. Ocular complications of diabetes included refractive disorders (78.9%), cataracts (31.7%), glaucoma (78.9%), and diabetic retinopathy (13.7%). These ocular complications had a significant impact on participants’ quality of life, leading to impaired vision (78.9%), difficulties in carrying out daily activities (62.2%), the need for caregiver assistance (50.3%), high levels of stress and anxiety (68.9%), regular medication intake (71.4%), adherence to a specific diet (55.9%), and frequent blood glucose monitoring (74.5%). Conclusion: This study highlights the major impact of diabetic ocular complications on patients’ quality of life.

关键词： Ocular Complications Diabetes Quality of Life Prevalence Gabon

Morning Glory Syndrome or Bindweed Flower Papilla Syndrome

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 143-148页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou Davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Yoan Mboussou annick Kougou Ntoutoume Hélène Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki Emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Mé division Clinic Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Morning Glory Syndrome (MGS) is a rare anomaly of the optic nerve characterized by a flower-shaped excavation in the optic disc. This anatomical peculiarity is of growing interest due to its impact on vision and the therapeutic challenges it presents. Despite research advances, gaps persist, requiring thorough exploration to better understand this rare condition. We present the case of a young girl. Observation: A 7-year-old girl presented with persistent deterioration of vision in the right eye since birth. Visual acuity was counting fingers at 2 meters in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Biomicroscopy was normal in both eyes, and fundus examination revealed a funnel-shaped excavation at the optic disc of the right eye, associated with central glial proliferation, thin blood vessels in a radial distribution, and atrophy of the neuroretinal rim. Additional tests confirmed the diagnosis of isolated unilateral Morning Glory Syndrome in the right eye. Combined treatment included appropriate optical correction and functional rehabilitation. Regular ophthalmological follow-up over a one-year period was established to monitor visual acuity evolution, optic disc stability, and detect any potential complications. The reserved prognosis was marked by the absence of ocular complications and maintenance of initial visual acuity in the right eye. Conclusion: The positive response to management underscores the importance of an integrated approach, early diagnosis, therapeutic adherence, and personalized strategies.

关键词： Morning Glory Anomaly Congenital Disc OCT

Diabetic Retinopathy: Diagnostic Challenges and Impact of Physical Activity

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 136-142页

Introduction: Diabetes represents a major public health challenge, affecting over 463 million people according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Among its complications, diabetic retinopathy stands out as the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Physical activity is now recognized as a cornerstone of diabetes management, and its impact on diabetic retinopathy is of growing interest. Observation: Mr. A.E, a 54-year-old man, presents with progressive deterioration of his vision. Family history of diabetes and hypertension is noted. He engages in one hour of physical activity daily, including treadmill running and indoor cycling. Despite recent optical correction, his visual acuity remains at 3/10 unimproved. Ocular imaging, notably fluorescein retinal angiography and optical coherence tomography, reveals proliferative diabetic retinopathy with bilateral macular edema. Blood tests, performed after physical activity, show normal values of blood glucose and HbA1c, delaying the initiation of treatment and promoting the progression of retinopathy. Despite appropriate management, no significant improvement in visual function is observed during follow-up. Conclusion: The management of diabetic retinopathy requires an approach integrating physical activity. A better understanding of the interaction between physical activity and diabetic retinopathy is needed to optimize prevention and treatment strategies.

关键词： Diabetes Retina Blood Glucose HbA1c Physical Activity

Clinical and Evolutive Aspects of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 0 - 59 Months at Maroua Regional Hospital in Cameroon’s Far North Region

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 700-711页

作者： Palma Haoua Abouame Selangai Hélène Kamo Sime Tchouamo Arielle annick Fernando Kemta Lepka Daniel Nemsi Sadjo Salihou Aminou Haman Soureya Yolande Feudjo Ulrich Dama Félicitée Nguefack Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Maroua Regional Hospital Maroua Cameroon Garoua General Hospital Garoua Cameroon Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon University of Lisala Lisala Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound I Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Severe acute malnutrition remains one of the most important causes of under-five mortality. In Cameroon, the northern regions have the highest prevalence, with 1.4% in the Far North in 2021. These children are managed at the Internal therapeutic and Nutrional Centre, one of which is located at Maroua Regional Hospital, the third level referral Hospital. We therefore proposed to carry out a study on the clinical and evolutive aspects of these children. Materials and Methods: it was a descriptive, cross-sectional study from January 2020 to December 2022, at the ITNC (CNTI) of Maroua Regional Hospital. The sample size was obtained from the Lorentz formula. Patient records were used for data collection. We excluded all incomplete records and patients with less than 24 hours of admission. Results: Out of the 873 patients we recruited, the prevalence of severe malnutrition was estimated at 18 %. The average age was 14 months, with a male predominance. The main reasons for consultation were fever (42%) and diarrhoea (35%). Marasmus was the predominant clinical form. The major medical complications were sepsis (32.9%) and malaria (16.8%). HIV prevalence was 2.5% and tuberculosis was 4.9%. Most patients had haemoglobin levels between 7 and 10g/dl. 79.3% were cured and 6.5% died. The main causes of death were sepsis and malaria. Conclusion: Severe acute malnutrition remains a major problem in the Far North region. Several joint actions are needed to break this cycle.

关键词： Severe Acute Malnutrition Children Far North Cameroon