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Most root-derived carbon inputs do not contribute to long-term global soil carbon storage

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Science china Earth Sciences 2023年第5期66卷 1072-1086页

作者： Guocheng WANG Liujun XIAO Ziqi LIN Qing ZHANG Xiaowei GUO annette cOWIE Shuai ZHANG Mingming WANG Songchao cHEN Ganlin ZHANG Zhou SHI Wenjuan SUN Zhongkui LUO Institute of Agriculture Remote Sensing and Information Technology College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China LAPc Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai519082China New South Wales Department of Primary Industries University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China Academy of Ecological civilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health Ministry of EducationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information System Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310058China

Plant root-derived carbon(c)inputs(I_(root))are the primary source of c in mineral bulk ***,a fraction of I_(root)may lose quickly(I_(loss),e.g.,via rhizosphere microbial respiration,leaching and fauna feeding)without contributing to long-term bulk soil c storage,yet this loss has never been quantified,particularly on a global *** this study we integrated three observational global data sets including soil radiocarbon content,allocation of photo synthetically assimilated c,and root biomass distribution in 2,034 soil profiles to quantify I_(root)and its contribution to the bulk soil c *** show that global average I_(root)in the 0-200 cm soil profile is 3.5 Mg ha^(-1)yr^(-1),~80%of which(i.e.,I_(loss))is lost rather than co ntributing to long-term bulk soil c storage.I_(root)decreases exponentially with soil depth,and the top 20 cm soil contains>60%of total I_(root).Actual c input contributing to long-term bulk soil storage(i.e.,I_(root)-I_(loss))shows a similar depth distribution to I_(root).We also map I_(loss)and its depth distribution across the *** results demonstrate the global significance of direct c losses which limit the contribution of I_(root)to bulk soil c storage;and provide spatially explicit data to facilitate reliable soil c predictions via separating direct c losses from total root-derived c inputs.

关键词： carbon inputs Root biomass Soil organic carbon Depth distribution Bulk soil carbon Radiocarbon

Large-scale spatial synchrony and the stability of forest biodiversity revisited

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第1期5卷 52-63页

作者： annette M.Ostling Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan830 North University AvenueAnn ArborMI 48109-1048USA

Aims Mechanisms contributing to species coexistence have at least one of two modes of action:(i)stabilization of populations through restoring forces and(ii)equalization of fitness across individuals of different ***,ecologists have begun gleaning the relative roles of these by testing the predictions of neutral theory,which predicts the properties of communities under pure fitness *** null hypothesis was rejected for forests of southern Ontario based on large-scale(;100 km)spatial synchrony evident in the fossil pollen record over the entire Holocene,and the argument that a species’relative abundance would instead vary independently at such distances in the absence of stabilizing *** test of neutral theory was criticized based on the idea that the synchrony might be produced by dispersal ***,I revisit this test of neutral theory by explicitly calculating the synchrony expected in these forests using a novel simulation method enabling examination of the distribution of a species over large spatial and temporal *** A novel neutral simulation algorithm tracking only the focal species was used to calculate the neutral expectation for spatial synchrony properties examined empirically by clark and MacLachlan[(2003)Stability of forest *** 423:635–8]using fossil pollen data from eight lake *** coefficient of variation(cV)in a species’relative abundance across the eight sites(initiated at about 10%with a small cV)was calculated for 10 runs over a 10000 year time *** cV reflects the level of spatial synchrony in that less synchronous dynamics should lead to more variation across space(a higher equilibrium cV),and in particular,a greater increase in the cV over time from a small initial value.A‘two dimensional t’fat-tailed dispersal kernel was assumed with parameters set to the median derived from seed trap data for deciduous wind-dispersed *** of results to assumed dispersal

关键词： neutral theory community dynamics turnover

A novel multifunctional radioprotective strategy using P7c3 as a countermeasure against ionizing radiation-induced bone loss

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骨研究:英文版 2023年第3期11卷 512-531页

作者： Fei Wei Zewen Kelvin Tuong Mahmoud Omer christopher Ngo Jackson Asiatico Michael Kinzel Abinaya Sindu Pugazhendhi annette R.Khaled Ranajay Ghosh Melanie coathup Biionix cluster and Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA Molecular Immunity Unit Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK cellular Genetics Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA

Radiotherapy is a critical component of cancer care but can cause osteoporosis and pathological insufficiency fractures in surrounding and otherwise healthy ***,no effective countermeasure exists,and ionizing radiation-induced bone damage continues to be a substantial source of pain and *** purpose of this study was to investigate a small molecule aminopropyl carbazole named P7c3 as a novel radioprotective *** studies revealed that P7c3 repressed ionizing radiation(IR)-induced osteoclastic activity,inhibited adipogenesis,and promoted osteoblastogenesis and mineral deposition in *** also demonstrated that rodents exposed to clinically equivalent hypofractionated levels of IR in vivo develop weakened,osteoporotic ***,the administration of P7c3 significantly inhibited osteoclastic activity,lipid formation and bone marrow adiposity and mitigated tissue loss such that bone maintained its area,architecture,and mechanical *** findings revealed significant enhancement of cellular macromolecule metabolic processes,myeloid cell differentiation,and the proteins LRP-4,TAGLN,ILK,and Tollip,with downregulation of GDF-3,SH2B1,and *** proteins are key in favoring osteoblast over adipogenic progenitor differentiation,cell matrix interactions,and shape and motility,facilitating inflammatory resolution,and suppressing osteoclastogenesis,potentially via Wnt/β-catenin signaling.A concern was whether P7c3 afforded similar protection to cancer ***,and remarkably,at the same protective P7c3 dose,a significant reduction in triple-negative breast cancer and osteosarcoma cell metabolic activity was found in ***,these results indicate that P7c3 is a previously undiscovered key regulator of adipo-osteogenic progenitor lineage commitment and may serve as a novel multifunctional therapeutic strategy,leaving IR an effective clinical tool while diminishing the risk of adverse post-IR *** data uncov

关键词： protective inhibited prevention

Use of non-timber forest products from invasive alien Prosopis species(mesquite) and native trees in South Africa: implications for management

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第3期2卷 197-207页

作者： Ross T Shackleton David c Le Maitre Brian W van Wilgen David M richardson centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University centre for Invasion Biology Natural Resources and the EnvironmentCSIR

Background: Prosopis species have been introduced to many areas outside their native range to provide benefits to local communities. Several Prosopis species and their hybrids(hereafter "mesquite") have, however, become naturalised and invasive and now generate substantial costs. Management options are limited because of the complex conflicts of interest regarding benefits and costs. Management policies and strategies must take account of such conflicts, but further insights are needed on the dimensions of uses and impacts before such information can be usefully applied. current policy in South Africa allows for the growth and use of mesquite in one province,but not in others where its control is mandatory. We report on a study to quantify the direct use and perceptions of non-timber forest products(NTFPs) from mesquite and native trees in South ***: Semi-structures household interviews were conducted with various stakeholder groups to identify what tree products are used, to ascertain amounts used as well as to gauge perceptions of natural resource use between different tree species and use over ***: The direct household use value of native trees was higher than that of mesquite, and local stakeholders attached greater value to products from native trees than from mesquite. Therefore, native trees are and will still be preferentially harvested, and mesquite is unlikely to offer protection to native species by providing an alternative source of products. Mesquite pods do, however, provide valuable additional resources(fodder and medicinal products). The use of both native trees and mesquite is decreasing as the incomes of poorer households rise and as alternative energy sources become available. The benefits and reliance on mesquite are not as high as previously assumed and the impacts from mesquite invasions create large problems for local ***: This study provides further evidence that the impacts of mesquite exceed the benefi

关键词： Biological invasions conflicts of interests cost v

c:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the soil microbial biomass in a grazed grassland site under experimental P limitation or exces

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 66-76页

作者： Bryan S Griffiths annette Spilles Michael Bonkowski Teagasc Environment Research CentreJohnstown CastleWexfordCoWexfordIreland current address:SAc King's BuildingsWest Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JGUK Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität zu Köln Zoologisches Institut Abt.TerrestrischeÖkologieBiowissenschaftliches ZentrumOtto-Fischer-Str.6D-50674KölnGermany

Introduction:The availability of essential nutrients,such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),can feedback on soil carbon(c)and the soil microbial *** cycles can be supplemented by agricultural fertiliser addition,and we determined whether the stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the microbial biomass could be affected by an unbalanced nutrient ***:Samples were taken from a long-term trial(in effect since 1968)with annual applications of 0,15 and 30 kg P ha^(−1) with constant N and *** and microbial biomass cNP contents were measured and nutrient limitation assessed by substrate-induced *** regression and discriminant analyses were used to identify the variables explaining nutrient ***:Soil and biomass cNP increased with increasing P fertiliser,and there was a significant,positive,correlation between microbial biomass P and biomass c,apart from at the highest level of P fertilisation when the microbial biomass was over-saturated with *** molar ratios of c:N:P in the microbial biomass remained constant(homeostatic)despite large changes in the soil nutrient *** growth was generally limited by c and N,except in soil with no added P when c and P were the main limiting nutrients.c,N and P,however,did not explain all the growth limitation on the soils with no added ***:Increased soil c and N were probably due to increased net primary *** results confirm that c:N:P ratios within the microbial biomass were constrained(***)under near optimum soil *** with no added P were characterised by strong microbial P limitation and soils under high P by over-saturation of microorganisms with *** changes in biomass c:P can be indicative of nutrient limitation within a site.

关键词： carbon Nitrogen Nutrient limitation Phosphorus Soil microbial biomass Stoichiometry

Highly Increased Levels of Inter-α-inhibitor Heavy chain 4(ITIH4)in Autoimmune cholestatic Liver Diseases

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Journal of clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第5期10卷 796-802页

作者： Tea Lund Laursen Lars Bossen Rasmus Pihl Anne Troldborg Thomas Damgaard Sandahl annette Gudmann Hansen Trine Folserass Mette Vesterhus Henning Grønbæk Steffen Thiel Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark Department of Biomedi-cine Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Department of Rheumatology Aarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark Department of clinical Medicine Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Norwegian PSc Research center Department of Transplantation MedicineDivision of SurgeryInflammatory Diseases and TransplantationOslo University Hospital Rik-shospitaletOsloNorway Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital BergenNorway Department of clinical Science University of BergenBergenNorway

Background and Aims:There is an unmet need for new bi-omarkers to improve diagnostics and prognostics in primary biliary cholangitis(PBc)and primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSc).Inter-α-inhibitor heavy chain 4(ITIH4)is an abun-dant,liver-produced protein,and its synthesis may be al-tered in liver *** investigated whether ITIH4 plas-ma concentrations were affected in PBc and PSc ***:We developed an immunoassay specific for ITIH4 and determined ITIH4 plasma concentrations in 66 PBc,126 PSc,92 autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),67 chronic hepatitis c(cHc),33 alcoholic hepatitis(AH)patients and 138 healthy controls(Hcs).Hepatic ITIH4 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in ***:The mean plas-ma concentration of ITIH4 was almost doubled in PBc[409μg/mL(95%cI:388-431)]and 35%higher in PSc[308μg/mL,(95%cI:296-319)]compared with Hcs[226μg/mL(95%cI:221-231);pc patients,ITIH4 correlated with IgM(rho=0.49,pcholic acid treatment(UDcA)had lower levels of ITIH4 than incomplete responders[395μg/mL(95%cI:364-425)]vs.460μg/mL(95%cI:421-498);p=0.02].Four weeks of UDcA treatment had no effect(p=0.19).In-creased ITIH4 immunohistochemical staining was seen in a liver biopsy from a PBc ***4 levels in AIH[224μg/mL(95%cI:208-241)]and Hcs were similar(p=0.8).ITIH4 levels were lower in AH[199μg/mL(95%cI:175-223)]and cHc[202μg/mL(192-212)]patients than in Hcs(pconclusions:The plasma concentration of ITIH4 was highly elevated in patients with PBc and PSc,suggesting that ITIH4 should be further investigated as a biomarker in cholestatic liver disease.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Autoim-mune hepatitis Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment Alcoholic hepatitis chronic viral hepatitis

Acacia mangium Willd: benefits and threats associated with its increasing use around the world

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第1期6卷 13-25页

作者： Lydie-Stella Koutika David M.richardson cRDPI Centre de Recherche sur la Durabilité et la Productivité des Plantations Industrielles centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany & Zoology Stellenbosch University

Background: Acacia mangium, a fast-growing tree native to parts of Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Australia,has been cultivated outside its native environment and introduced into humid tropical lowland regions of Asia,South America and Africa over the last few decades. It is a multipurpose tree used in agroforestry, forestry and for restoration of degraded lands. It is also highly invasive in many regions where it has been introduced outside its native range. This paper reviews evidence of its obvious benefits and its negative impacts on ***: A literature review on Australian acacias and especially on A. mangium was undertaken to highlight both benefits and threats associated with their increasing worldwide use outside their native ***: Through N_2 fixed from the atmosphere, A. mangium improves soil fertility, especially by increasing N status and soil c accretion when introduced to N-limited areas; it thus has the potential to restore nutrient cycling in degraded systems. No studies have, however, been done to assess the effectiveness of A. mangium in restoring biodiversity of degraded lands. Most Australian acacias have traits that facilitate invasiveness, and 23 species have been recorded as invasive to date. A. mangium has been reported as invasive in Asia, Indonesia, Pacific Islands,Indian Ocean Islands, southern Africa and Brazil. Research on other invasive Australian acacias in several parts of the world has elucidated the types of impacts that are likely in different types of ecosystems and key options for mitigating ***: A. mangium has the potential to restore nutrient cycling in degraded systems, but is highly invasive wherever it is planted. Many parts of the world have a large invasion debt for this species. Experience with other invasive acacias around the world suggests a suite of interventions that could be used to reduce invasions and mitigate impacts. careful risk assessments should be undertaken prior to

关键词： Biodiversity Biological invasions c sequestration Soil N status Tree invasions

Spatial metabolomics for evaluating response to neoadjuvant therapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients

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cancer communications 2022年第6期42卷 517-535页

作者： Jian Shen Na Sun Philipp Zens Thomas Kunzke Achim Buck Verena M.Prade Jun Wang Qian Wang Ronggui Hu annette Feuchtinger Sabina Berezowska Axel Walch Research Unit Analytical Pathology Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg 85764Germany Institute of Pathology University of BernBern 3008Switzerland Graduate School for Health Sciences University of BernMittelstrasse 43Bern 3012Switzerland center for Excellence in Molecular cell Science Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031P.R.China Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Institute of PathologyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanne 1011Switzerland

Background:The response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAc)differs substantially among individual patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NScLc).Major pathological response(MPR)is a histomorphological read-out used to assess treatment response and prognosis in patientsNScLc *** spatial metabolomics is a promising tool for evaluating metabolic phenotypes,it has not yet been utilized to assess therapy responses in patients with *** evaluated the potential application of spatial metabolomics in cancer tissues to assess the response to NAc,using a metabolic classifier that utilizes mass spectrometry imaging combined with machine ***:Resected NScLc tissue specimens obtained after NAc(n=88)were subjected to high-resolution mass spectrometry,and these data were used to develop an approach for assessing the response to NAc in patients with *** specificities of the generated tumor cell and stroma classifiers were validated by applying this approach to a cohort of biologically matched chemotherapy-naive patients with NScLc(n=85).Results:The developed tumor cell metabolic classifier stratified patients into different prognostic groups with 81.6%accuracy,whereas the stroma metabolic classifier displayed 78.4%*** contrast,the accuracies of MPR and TNM staging for stratification were 62.5%and 54.1%,*** combination of metabolic and MPR classifiers showed slightly lower accuracy than either individual metabolic *** multivariate analysis,metabolic classifiers were the only independent prognostic factors identified(tumor:P=0.001,hazards ratio[HR]=3.823,95%confidence interval[cI]=1.716-8.514;stroma:P=0.049,HR=2.180,95%cI=1.004-4.737),whereasMPR(P=0.804;HR=0.913;95%cI=0.445-1.874)and TNM staging(P=0.078;HR=1.223;95%cI=0.977-1.550)were not independent prognostic *** Kaplan-Meier survival analyses,both tumor and stroma metabolic classifiers were able to further stratify patients as NAc responders(P<0.001)and non

关键词： cancer metabolism machine learning mass spectrometry imaging metabolic classifier Nonsmall cell lung cancer prognosis spatial metabolomics treatment response

Overexpression of TaNAc69 Leads to Enhanced Transcript Levels of Stress Up-Regulated Genes and Dehydration Tolerance in Bread Wheat

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 697-712页

作者： Gang-Ping Xue Heather M. Way Terese richardson Janneke Drenth Priya A. Joyce c.Lynne Mclntyre cSIRO Plant Industry 306 Carmody Road St Lucia QLD 4067 Australia cSIRO Plant Industry GPO 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia BSES Limited 50 Meiers Road Indooroopilly QLD 4068 Australia

NAc proteins are plant-specific transcription factors and enriched with members involved in plant response to drought stress. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of TaNAc69 in bread wheat using Affymetrix Wheat Genome Array datasets and quantitative RT-PcR. TaNAc69 expression was positively associated with wheat responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses and was closely correlated with a number of stress up-regulated genes. The functional analyses of TaNAc69 in transgenic wheat showed that TaNAc69 driven by a barley drought-inducible HvDhn4s promoter led to marked drought-inducible overexpression of TaNAc69 in the leaves and roots of transgenic lines. The HvDhn4s：Ta- NAc69 transgenic lines produced more shoot biomass under combined mild salt stress and water-limitation conditions, had longer root and more root biomass under polyethylene glycol-induced dehydration. Analysis of transgenic lines with constitutive overexpression of TaNAc69 showed the enhanced expression levels of several stress up-regulated genes. DNA-binding assays revealed that TaNAc69 and its rice homolog （ONAc131） were capable of binding to the promoter elements of three rice genes （chitinase, ZlM, and glyoxalase I） and an Arabidopsis glyoxalase I family gene, which are homologs of TaNAc69 up-regulated stress genes. These data suggest that TaNAc69 is involved in regulating stress upregulated genes and wheat adaptation to drought stress.

关键词： NAc transcription factor gene regulation transgenic abiotic stress drought wheat.