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Decision-Making and Management of Self-Care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Preliminary Study

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第2期14卷 47-63页

作者： Paul e. Plonski Jasmin Vassileva Ryan Shahidi Paul B. Perrin William Carter Lance L. Goetz Amber Brochetti James M. bjork Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center Richmond VA USA Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Spinal Cord Injury Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland OH USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Patients and physicians understand the importance of self-care following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet many individuals with SCI do not adhere to recommended self-care activities despite logistical supports. Neurobehavioral determinants of SCI self-care behavior, such as impulsivity, are not widely studied, yet understanding them could inform efforts to improve SCI self-care. We explored associations between impulsivity and self-care in an observational study of 35 US adults age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with paraplegia at least six months before assessment. The primary outcome measure was self-reported self-care. In LASSO regression models that included all neurobehavioral measures and demographics as predictors of self-care, dispositional measures of greater impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance), and reduced mindfulness were associated with reduced self-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a latent decision-making parameter derived from computationally modeling successive choices in a gambling task, was also associated with self-care behavior. These results are preliminary;more research is needed to demonstrate the utility of these findings in clinical settings. Information about associations between impulsivity and poor self-care in people with SCI could guide the development of interventions to improve SCI self-care and help patients with elevated risks related to self-care and secondary health conditions.

关键词： Spinal Cord Injury Self-Care Decision-Making Paraplegia Impulsive Behavior Health Care

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Natural history of heartburn:A 10-year population-based study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第5期17卷 639-645页

作者： Linda bjork Olafsdottir Hallgrimur Gudjonsson Heidur Hrund Jonsdottir Bjarni Thjodleifsson Department of Gastroenterology Landspitali University Hospitol101 ReykjavikIceland Department of Gastroenterology The Social Science Research InstituteUniversity of Iceland101 ReykjavikIceland Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Iceland101 ReykjavikIceland

AIM： To study the natural history and prevalence of heartburn at a 10-year interval, and to study the effect of heartburn on various symptoms and activities. MeTHODS： A population-based postal study was carried out. Questionnaires were mailed to the same age- and gender-stratified random sample of the Icelandic population （aged 18-75 years） in 1996 and again in 2006. Subjects were classified with heartburn if they reported heartburn in the preceding year and/or week, based on the definition of heartburn. ReSULTS： Heartburn in the preceding year was reported in 42.8% （1996） and 44.2% （2006） of subjects, with a strong relationship between those who experienced heartburn in both years. Heartburn in the precedingweek was diagnosed in 20.8%. There was a significant relationship between heartburn, dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. IndMduals with a body mass index （BMI） below or higher than normal weight were more likely to have heartburn. Heartburn caused by food or beverages was reported very often by 20.0% of subjects. CONCLUSION： Heartburn is a common and chronic condition. Subjects with a BMI below or higher than normal weight are more likely to experience heartburn. Heartburn has a great impact on daily activities, sleep and quality of life.

关键词： Heartburn Follow-up Questionnaire study epidemiology

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Irritable bowel syndrome: Physicians' awareness and patients' experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第28期18卷 3715-3720页

作者： Linda bjork Olafsdottir Hallgrímur Gudjonsson Heidur Hrund Jonsdottir Jon Steinar Jonsson einar Bjornsson Bjarni Thjodleifsson Department of Gastroenterology Landspitali Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Hringbraut 101 Reykjavik Iceland The Social Science Research Institute University of Iceland Saemundargotu 2 101 Reykjavik Iceland Gardabaer Health Centre Gardatorgi 7 210 Gardabae Iceland

AIM: To study if and how physicians use the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) diagnostic criteria and to assess treatment strategies in IBS patients. MeTHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 191 physicians regarding IBS criteria, diagnostic methods and treatment. Furthermore, 94 patients who were diagnosed with IBS underwent telephone interview. ReSULTS: A total of 80/191 (41.9%) physicians responded to the survey. Overall, 13 patients were diag-nosed monthly with IBS by specialists in gastroenterology (SGs) and 2.5 patients by general practitioners (GPs). All the SGs knew of the criteria to diagnose IBS, as did 46/70 (65.7%) GPs. Seventy-nine percent used the patient's history, 38% used a physical examination, and 38% exclusion of other diseases to diagnose IBS. Only 18/80 (22.5%) physicians used specific IBS criteria. Of the patients interviewed, 59/94 (62.8%) knew they had experienced IBS. Two out of five patients knew IBS and had seen a physician because of IBS symptoms. Half of those received a diagnosis of IBS. A total of 13% were satisfied with treatment. IBS affected daily activities in 43% of cases. CONCLUSION: Half of the patients with IBS who consulted a physician received a diagnosis. Awareness and knowledge of diagnostic criteria for IBS differ between SGs and GPs.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Questionnaire study Diagnostic criteria Manning criteria Rome criteria Physician knowledge

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激光诱导击穿光谱技术对冶金样品中钢及炉渣的同时分析

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冶金分析 2009年第2期29卷 8-13页

作者： BeNGTSON Arne THOMAS bjork Swerea KIMAB Drottning Kristinas vag 48 SE-114 28斯德哥尔摩瑞典

本研究的初衷是开发一种不均匀冶金样品中钢和炉渣的快速、同时分析方法,以用于工艺控制。该方法基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)。选择激光诱导击穿光谱技术是因为它既可以分析导电材料又可分析非导电材料,并且相对来说不易受样品形状... 详细信息

本研究的初衷是开发一种不均匀冶金样品中钢和炉渣的快速、同时分析方法,以用于工艺控制。该方法基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)。选择激光诱导击穿光谱技术是因为它既可以分析导电材料又可分析非导电材料,并且相对来说不易受样品形状及表面光洁度的影响。产生的不均匀样品包含大量亚毫米级的渣颗粒,这些颗粒在单次LIBS分析中不能从周围的钢里面分离出来。因此提出了一种方法来对样品表面进行行扫描,扫描以大约0.5mm的分辨率和10 mm的步长来进行。激光的脉冲速率为20 Hz,扫描速度为1 mm/s。炉渣颗粒在行扫描中表现为钢的"污染区",在这个区域中有高浓度的一些元素,如钙、铝及硅。基于单点校准,提出了一种数学模型来逐步评定所得出的数据。首先,辨别出"干净"的钢区域,测定出钢的成分;第二步,测定出扫描总长度范围内的平均成分;最后一步,通过差减法计算出炉渣的成分平均值。这种方法被应用于几个多相取样器采集的样品的分析。发现钢中的碳、硅、锰、磷、硫及铝等元素都可被测定,仅有百分之几的相对标准偏差。而在炉渣中,分析的相对标准偏差会更高,几个重要元素在10%左右。这一方法有望进一步被开发应用于更小的非金属夹杂物的快速分析。

关键词：激光烧蚀光学发射钢分析

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Semiconductor nanostructures enabled by aerosol technology

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第3期9卷 398-418页

作者： Martin H. Magnusson B. Jonas Ohlsson Mikael T. bjork Kimberly A. Dick Magnus T. Borgstrom Knut Deppert Lars Samuelson Solid State Physics Lund University Box 118 SE-22100 Lund Sweden Sol Voltaics AB Ideon Science Park Scheelevagen 17 SE-22370 Lund Sweden QuNano AB Ideon Science Park Scheelevaigen 17 SE-22370 Lund Sweden Center for Analysis and Synthesis Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden

Aerosol technology provides efficient methods for producing nanoparticles with well-controlled composition and size distribution. This review provides an overview of methods and results obtained by using aerosol technology for producing nanostruetures for a variety of applications in semiconductor physics and device technology. examples are given from： production of metal and metal alloy particles： semiconductor nanoparticles; semiconductor nanowires, grown both in the aerosol phase and on substrates; physics studies based on individual aerosol-generated devices; and large area deviees based on aerosol particles.

关键词： aerosol nanoparticle nanowire metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPe) device physics light emitting diodes (LeD) solar cell

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Brain Signaling in Psychiatric Disorders: What Can They Tell Us in the Absence of Behavioral Differences?

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第8期5卷 333-337页

作者： Jodi M. Gilman James M. bjork Timothy e. Wilens Center for Addiction Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology Adult ADHD Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA

This is a commentary on the often-observed phenomenon of observing task-based brain signaling differences between clinical populations and healthy control participants in the absence of any behavioral decrements in the clinical group. We offer several explanations for why brain-based differences amid normative performance may be of interest to researchers and clinicians. First, neural processing in the clinical group may not be as efficient as that in the control group. Second, differences in activation could reveal important differences in the cognition behind the (normative) behavior. Third, differences in activation may be prognostic biomarkers of injury or decline. In addition, we contend that similar behavior between groups is important in properly interpreting brain data. Finally, we offer caveats and future directions to further clarify brain mechanisms underlying behavior in clinical populations.

关键词： fMRI Neuroimaging Normative Behavior Normative Performance Neural efficiency Prognostic Biomarker

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Nursing Students’Clinical Learning environment in Norwegian Nursing Homes:Lack of Innovative Teaching and Learning Strategies

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Open Journal of Nursing 2017年第8期7卷 949-961页

作者： Karin Berntsen Ida Torunn bjork Grethe Brynildsen University College of Southeast Norway PorsgrunnNorway Department of Nursing Science University of OsloOsloNorway Lovisenberg Diaconal University College OsloNorway

Background: Nursing students hesitate to choose aged care as a career, and the aged care sectors are on an edge regarding nursing positions. Clinical learning environments may influence nursing students’ career choices. Few studies have explored learning environments in nursing homes, although students increasingly have placements there. Objectives: The aim was to produce information for developing nursing students’ learning opportunities in nursing homes. Design: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Settings: The study was conducted at a university college in southeast Norway. Participants: Students in two cohorts of a bachelor degree program in nursing participated, N = 499. Methods: Data were collected on nursing students’ perceptions of clinical learning environments during placements in five nursing homes. A 42-item validated questionnaire with the subscales personalization, individualization, involvement, task orientation, innovation, and satisfaction was used. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, t-tests, and linear regression analysis. Results: Total scores showed overall satisfaction with clinical learning environments in nursing homes. However, innovation subscale scores were very low. First year students had significantly higher scores than third year students on the total scale, and most subscales. Age was significantly associated with total scale scores and subscale satisfaction scores. Higher education and work experience before entering nursing education were significantly associated with involvement subscale scores. Conclusions: Students are more positive than negative about their clinical learning environments. Low valuation of innovation seems to be a consistent finding in studies in both nursing homes and hospitals internationally. For innovative learning strategies to function they must be anchored at the organizational level. Future research should develop and test more innovative learning strategies for nursing students.

关键词： Nursing Students Nursing Homes Care for Old Persons Residential Care Clinical Learning environment

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Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection after Vascular Surgery with Inguinal Incisions: Rationale and Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial (INVIPS-Trial)

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Surgical Science 2015年第12期6卷 562-571页

作者： Julien Hasselmann Tobias Kühme Jonas bjork Stefan Acosta Vascular Center Skane University HospitalMalmoSweden Division of Occupational and environmental Medicine Lund UniversityLundSweden

Background/Aims: Inguinal incisions are a common route of access in vascular surgery. Due to anatomical challenges and a diverse bacterial flora in this area, surgical site infections (SSI) represent a common, debilitating and sometimes life-threatening complication. The INVIPS-Trial evaluates the role of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) on closed inguinal incisions in elective vascular surgery to prevent SSI and other wound complications. Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) registered at *** (Identifier: NCT01913132) compares the effects of a NPWT dressing (PICO, Smith & Nephew, UK) and the center’s standard wound dressing (Vitri Pad, ViTri Medical, Sweden) on postoperative wound complications, especially SSI. The study includes two distinct vascular procedures with different SSI risk profiles: endovascular aortic repair (eVAR) and open surgical approaches involving the common femoral artery (OPeN). Results: Four hundred ninety-five groin incisions in both treatment arms are anticipated to be included in the eVAR group and 147 inguinal incisions in both treatment arms in the OPeN group. Since a large percentage of inguinal vascular procedures in both groups but especially in the eVAR group are performed bilaterally, many patients can serve as their own control by randomly receiving NPWT on one and the standard dressing on the contralateral inguinal incision. Conclusions: This ongoing RCT attempts to elucidate the potential benefit of NPWT on closed inguinal incisions after different vascular procedures. Outcome and conclusions of this trial could have implications on postoperative wound care of patients in both vascular surgery and other surgical specialties.

关键词： Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Vascular Surgery Inguinal Incisions Surgical Site Infection Randomized Controlled Trial Research Design

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On-Surface Stereochemical Characterization of a Highly Curved Chiral Nanographene by Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

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CCS Chemistry 2023年第12期5卷 2888-2896页

作者： Qigang Zhong Viktor Barat Daniel Csokas Kaifeng Niu Marcin Gorecki Animesh Ghosh Jonas bjork Daniel ebeling Lifeng Chi Andre Schirmeisen Mihaiela C.Stuparu Institute of Applied Physics Center for Materials Research(LaMa)Justus-Liebig University Giessen35392 Giessen School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological University637371 Singapore Institute of Organic Chemistry Research Center for Natural SciencesH-1117 Budapest Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Institute of Functional Nano and Soft MaterialsSoochow University215123 Suzhou Department of Physics Chemistry and BiologyIFMLinkoping University58183 Linkoping Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences01-224 Warsaw Macao Institute of Materials Science and engineering(MIMSe) MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional MaterialsMacao University of Science and TechnologyTaipa 999078MacaoChina

A highly distorted chiral nanographene structure composed of triple corannulene-fused[5]helicenes is prepared with the help of the Heck reaction and oxidative photocyclization with an overall isolated yield of 28%.The complex three-dimensional(3D)structure of the bowl-helix hybrid nanostructure is studied by a combination of noncontact atomic force microscopy(AFM)and scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)on the Cu(111)surface,density functional theory calculations,AFM/STM simulations,and high-performance liquid chromatography-electronic circular dichroism *** examination reveals a molecular structure in which the three bowl-shaped corannulene bladesd position themselves in a C3-symmetric fashion around a highly twisted triphenylene *** molecule appears to be shaped like a propeller in which the concave side of the bowls face away from the connected[5]helicene *** chirality of the nanostructure is confirmed by the direct visualization of both MMM and PPP enantiomers at the single-molecule level by scanning probe *** results underline that submolecular resolution imaging by AFM/STM is a powerful real-space tool for the stereochemical characterization of 3D curved chiral nanographene structures.

关键词： chirality at surfaces noncontact atomic force microscopy scanning tunnelling microscopy submolecular resolution imaging single-bond resolution curved nanographenes multiple helicenes chiral nanostructures bowl-helix hybrids scanning probe microscopy

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Perspectives on everyday Suffering among People with Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Concurrent Mental Disorders

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Open Journal of Nursing 2017年第5期7卷 583-598页

作者： annet.e bjork Ylva Ronngren John Selander Stig Vinberg Ove Hellzen Department of Health Sciences Mid Sweden UniversityOstersundSweden Department of Nursing Sciences Mid Sweden UniversitySundsvallSweden

The aim of this study was to describe the perceptions of everyday suffering among adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid mental disease. Directed content analysis guided by eriksson’s theory on human suffering was performed on data from 20 individual interviews. expressions of both suffering and well-being were identified;the former centred on loneliness and related to life, illness, and care, which supported eriksson’s theory, whereas expressions of well-being related to ADHD diagnosis and supportive social relationships. Nevertheless, results indicate the need to expand those expressions in order to better contribute to developing a supportive rehabilitation regimen that can provide more interpersonal care.

关键词： Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Directed Content Analysis Suffering Supportive Rehabilitation

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