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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam m.R.Groh moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo anne Stratton G.R.Wayne moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Gut microbiome in primary sclerosing cholangitis:A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第21期26卷 2768-2780页

作者： Rebecca Little Eytan Wine Binita m Kamath anne m.griffiths Amanda Ricciuto Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoON M5G 1X8Canada Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 7-142H Katz Group–Rexall CentreUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1C9Canada

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by biliary inflammation and *** of the pathogenesis of PSC in light of its association with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the“gut-liver”axis is an emerging area of interest.A growing number of studies have begun to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota,its metabolites and its influence on host immune responses in the development of PSC and *** of the fecal microbiota have highlighted enriched levels of certain species,including Veillonella,Streptococcus and Enterococcus,among others.A heightened immune response to enteric dysbiosis and bacterial translocation have also been *** example,Klebsiella pneumoniae strains derived from gnotobiotic mice transplanted with PSC-IBD microbiota were found to induce pore formation in human intestinal epithelial cells and enhanced Th17 *** microbes have additionally been hypothesized to be implicated in PSC pathogenesis through their role in the synthesis of various metabolites,including bile acids(BAs),which function as signaling molecules with important gut and hepatic *** expanded knowledge of the gut microbiome as it relates to PSC offers critical insight into the development of microbe-altering therapeutic interventions,such as antibiotics,nutritional interventions and fecal microbial *** of these have already shown some preliminary evidence of *** exciting progress in the field,much work remains to be done;areas that are particularly lacking include functional characterization of the microbiome and examination of pediatric *** this review,we summarize studies that have investigated the microbiome in PSC and PSC-IBD as well as putative mechanisms,including the potential role of metabolites,such as *** then briefly review the evidence for interventions with microbe-altering properties for treating PSC.

关键词： Bile acids Colitis Inflammatory bowel disease microbiome microbiota Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Assessing disease activity using the pediatric Crohn’s disease activity index:Can we use subjective or objective parameters alone?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第30期27卷 5100-5111页

作者： Amy Grant Trudy Lerer anne m.griffiths JS Hyams Anthony Otley Division of Pediatrics IWK HealthHalifaxNS B3K6R8Canada Division of Research Connecticut Children's Medical CenterHartfordCT 06106United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoON M5G1X8Canada Division of Gastroenterology Connecticut Children's Medical CenterHartfordCT 06106United States Division of Pediatrics Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H4C3Canada

BACKGROUND The pediatric Crohn’s disease activity index(PCDAI)is used as a standard tool to assess disease activity in clinical trials for pediatric Crohn’s *** To examine which items on the PCDAI drive assessment of disease activity,and how subgroups of subjective and objective items reflect change in disease state over *** Selective raw data from three prospectively collected datasets were combined,including 703 children with full PCDAI data at baseline,at 3-mo(Q1,n=670),and 1-year(Q4,n=474).Change in individual PCDAI scores from baseline to Q1 and to Q4 were examined using the non-weighted *** Abdominal pain,well-being,weight,and stooling had the highest change scores over *** indicators including albumin,abdominal exam,and height velocity *** scores for well-being and abdominal exam did not explain significant variance at Q1 but were significant predictors at Q4(Pms predicted less variance(18%and 22%)on total PCDAI scores at Q1 and Q4 compared to the full PCDAI,or a composite scale(both 32%)containing significant *** Although subjective items on the PCDAI change the most over time,the full PCDAI or a smaller composite of items including a combination of subjective and objective components classifies disease activity better than a subgroup of either subjective or objective items *** on subjective or objective items as stand-alone proxies for disease activity measurement could result in misclassification of disease state.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Pediatric Crohn’s disease activity index Patient reported outcome measurement Disease activity Clinical trials Pediatric

Adult neurogenesis from reprogrammed astrocytes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 973-979页

作者： Brian B.griffiths Anvee Bhutani Creed m.Stary Department of Anesthesiology Pain & Perioperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine

The details of adult neurogenesis,including environmental triggers,region specificity,and species homology remain an area of intense *** or halting age-related cognitive dysfunction,or restoring neurons lost to disease or injury represent just a fraction of potential therapeutic *** neurons can derive from stem cells,pluripotent neural progenitor cells,or non-neuronal glial cells,such as *** must be epigenetically"reprogrammed"to become neurons,which can occur both naturally in vivo,and via artificial exogenous *** neural progenitor cells are localized to a few neurogenic zones in the adult brain,astrocytes populate almost every brain *** this review,we will summarize recent research into neurogenesis that arises from conversion of post-mitotic astrocytes,detail the genetic and epigenetic pathways that regulate this process,and discuss the possible clinical relevance in supplementing stem-cell neurogenic therapies.

关键词： astrocyte brain dedifferentiation development disease glia injury neurogenesis

Semen analysis： a new manual and its application to the understanding of semen and its pathology

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第1期12卷 11-13页

作者： anne m. Jequier PIVET medical Centre Leederville Western Australia 6007 Australia

This article reviews the latest edition of the World Health Organization＇s manual on seme instructional guide. The methodology used in the assessment of the usual variables in semen many of the less common, but very valuable, sperm function tests. Seminal fluid preparatio such as in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination are also outlined in the manual. useful techniques for the assessment of seminal fluid. It will be a very useful manual for an analyses of seminal fluid.

关键词： laboratory practice male infertility semen analysis

How Properties that Distinguish Solids from Fluids and Constraints of Spherical Geometry Suppress Lower mantle Convection

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第1期29卷 1-20页

作者： anne m. Hofmeister Everett m. Criss Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA Panasonic Avionics Corporation Lake Forest CA 92630 USA

The large magnitude of the dimensionless Rayleigh number （Ra-10^8） for Earth＇s -3 000 km thick mantle is considered evidence of whole mantle convection. However, the current formulation assumes behavior characteristic of gases and liquids and also assumes Cartesian geometry. Issues arising from neglecting physical properties unique to solids and ignoring the spherical shapes for planets include：（1） Planet radius must be incorporated into Ra, in addition to layer thickness, to conserve mass during radial displacements. （2） The vastly different rates for heat and mass diffusion in solids, which result from their decoupled transport mechanisms, promote stability. （3） Unlike liquids, sub- stantial stress is needed to deform solids, which independently promotes stability. （4） High interior compression stabilizes the mantle in additional minor ways. Therefore, representing conditions for convection in solid, self-gravitating spheroids, requires modifying formulae developed for bottom- heated fluids near ambient conditions under an invariant gravitational field. To derive stability criteria appropriate to solid spheres, we use dimensional analysis, and consider the effects of geometry, force competition, and microscopic behavior. We show that internal heating has been improperly ac- counted for in the Ra. We conclude that the lower mantle is stable for two independent reasons： heat diffusion far outpaces mass diffusion （creep） and yield strength of solids at high pressure exceeds the effective deviatoric stress. We discuss the role of partial melt in lubricating plate motion, and explain why the Ra is not applicable to the multi-component upper mantle. When conduction is insufficient to transport heat in the Earth, melt production and ascent are expected, not convection of solid rock.

关键词： plasticity diffusion mantle convection stability criteria dimensional analysis geometry.

Soil microbial response to waste potassium silicate drilling fluid

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第3期27卷 189-198页

作者： Linjun Yao m.anne Naeth Allen Jobson Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta School of Land Science and Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

Potassium silicate drilling fluids （PSDF） are a waste product of the oil and gas industry with potential for use in land reclamation. Few studies have examined the influence of PSDF on abundance and composition of soil bacteria and fungi. Soils from three representative locations for PSDF application in Alberta, Canada, with clay loam, loam and sand textures were studied with applications of unused, used once and used twice PSDF. For all three soils, applying ≥40 m^3/ha of used PSDF significantly affected the existing soil microbial flora. No microbiota was detected in unused PSDF without soil. Adding used PSDF to soil significantly increased total fungal and aerobic bacterial colony forming units in dilution plate counts, and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria numbers in serial growth experiments. Used PSDF altered bacterial and fungal colony forming unit ratios of all three soils.

关键词： Drilling waste Potassium silicate drilling fluid Soil microbiota

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碎屑岩盆地充填过程的实用动态模拟

国外油气勘探 1997年第3期9卷 284-302页

作者： Cedric m.griffiths Frode Hadler-Jacobsen 刘力江汉石油学院基础科学系物理教研室

在过去二十年内人们已经开发出种种定量的计算机正演地层模型。这些正演模型在石油工业中的实际应用局限于少数几种情况。其原因部分是从现有数据导出实际输入参数的一些具体困难,部分是对这些结果的预测值尚存疑虑。在本文中,我们讨论... 详细信息

在过去二十年内人们已经开发出种种定量的计算机正演地层模型。这些正演模型在石油工业中的实际应用局限于少数几种情况。其原因部分是从现有数据导出实际输入参数的一些具体困难,部分是对这些结果的预测值尚存疑虑。在本文中,我们讨论了两个商用的"定量动力地层学"(QDS)模拟软件包(SEDPAK和 PHIL^(Tm))在 Outer moray Firth 的古新世地层序列中的应用。我们展示了三维年代地层学是如何被用来确定二维模型的定量输入参数。高分辨率、持续时间短的"时间体"(Chronosomes)(0.1～200ka)的形态函数是推导相对海平面曲线、相对沉积速率、粒级分布以及沉降史的关键。当然,这些参数一般就是我们希望用QDS模型在远离钻井控制区域所要预测的特性。因此,QDS的作用也就是从预测转变为对由三维年代地层学所作出的预测假设在沉积学上的合理性进行检验。当然,我们还必须假定QDS模型本身在沉积学上是言之成理的。通常被掩盖了的层序地层学问题,诸如沉降与沉积脉动的相对时间,在QDS模型中是至关重要的。学会根据构造或气候事件诱发的沉积脉动,而不是根据更常见的假定的稳定沉积作用来控制这些变量,是开发动态层序地层学模型的另一个实际利益。

关键词：盆地模拟孔隙度碎屑岩地层充填油气勘探

Pharmacological challenges in chronic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7302-7307页

作者： anne Estrup Olesen anne Brokjaer Iben WD Fisher Isabelle m Larsen mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAalborg University Hospital9000 AalborgDenmark Center for Sensory-motor Interaction Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg University9000 AalborgDenmark Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1455 CopenhagenDenmark

Drug absorption in patients with chronic pancreatitis might be affected by the pathophysiology of the *** exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is associated with changes in gastrointestinal intraluminal pH,motility disorder,bacterial overgrowth and changed pancreatic gland *** these factors can result in malabsorption and may also affect the efficacy of pharmacological *** lifestyle of chronic pancreatitis patients may also contribute to gastrointestinal *** patients limit their food intake because of the pain caused by eating and in some cases food intake is more or less substituted with alcohol,tobacco and *** and drug interaction are known to influence the pharmacokinetics by altering either drug absorption or by affecting liver *** patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis experience severe pain,opioids are often prescribed as pain *** have intrinsic effects on gastrointestinal motility and hence can modify the absorption of other drugs taken at the same ***,the increased fluid absorption caused by opioids will decrease water available for drug dissolution and may hereby affect absorption of the *** stated above many factors can influence drug absorption and metabolism in patients with chronic *** factors may not have clinical relevance,but may explain inter-individual variations in responses to a given drug,in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

关键词： Pharmacology Absorption metabolism Chronic pancreatitis Treatment