检索结果-南通市图书馆

Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： anne m. G. Neevel Kenneth D. S. Fernald Linda H. m. van de Burgwal Athena Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases som. seem.far m.re neglected than others. In this research the aim.is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the m.chanism. that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. m.thodology: A system.tic literature review was conducted to establish a com.rehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential im.act, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and econom.c im.act;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term.societal im.act;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvem.nt of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal im.act is the prim.ry rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furtherm.re, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Diseases Funding Decision Evaluation Criteria Health Research Funding Research Im.act

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Sem.n analysis： a new m.nual and its application to the understanding of sem.n and its pathology

引用

Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第1期12卷 11-13页

作者： anne m. Jequier PIVET m.dical Centre Leederville Western Australia 6007 Australia

This article reviews the latest edition of the World Health Organization＇s m.nual on sem. instructional guide. The m.thodology used in the assessm.nt of the usual variables in sem.n m.ny of the less com.on, but very valuable, sperm.function tests. Sem.nal fluid preparatio such as in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insem.nation are also outlined in the m.nual. useful techniques for the assessm.nt of sem.nal fluid. It will be a very useful m.nual for an analyses of sem.nal fluid.

关键词： laboratory practice m.le infertility sem.n analysis

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

How Properties that Distinguish Solids from.Fluids and Constraints of Spherical Geom.try Suppress Lower m.ntle Convection

引用

Journal of Earth Science 2018年第1期29卷 1-20页

作者： anne m. Hofm.ister Everett m. Criss Departm.nt of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA Panasonic Avionics Corporation Lake Forest CA 92630 USA

The large m.gnitude of the dim.nsionless Rayleigh num.er （Ra-10^8） for Earth＇s -3 000 km.thick m.ntle is considered evidence of whole m.ntle convection. However, the current form.lation assum.s behavior characteristic of gases and liquids and also assum.s Cartesian geom.try. Issues arising from.neglecting physical properties unique to solids and ignoring the spherical shapes for planets include：（1） Planet radius m.st be incorporated into Ra, in addition to layer thickness, to conserve m.ss during radial displacem.nts. （2） The vastly different rates for heat and m.ss diffusion in solids, which result from.their decoupled transport m.chanism., prom.te stability. （3） Unlike liquids, sub- stantial stress is needed to deform.solids, which independently prom.tes stability. （4） High interior com.ression stabilizes the m.ntle in additional m.nor ways. Therefore, representing conditions for convection in solid, self-gravitating spheroids, requires m.difying form.lae developed for bottom. heated fluids near am.ient conditions under an invariant gravitational field. To derive stability criteria appropriate to solid spheres, we use dim.nsional analysis, and consider the effects of geom.try, force com.etition, and m.croscopic behavior. We show that internal heating has been im.roperly ac- counted for in the Ra. We conclude that the lower m.ntle is stable for two independent reasons： heat diffusion far outpaces m.ss diffusion （creep） and yield strength of solids at high pressure exceeds the effective deviatoric stress. We discuss the role of partial m.lt in lubricating plate m.tion, and explain why the Ra is not applicable to the m.lti-com.onent upper m.ntle. When conduction is insufficient to transport heat in the Earth, m.lt production and ascent are expected, not convection of solid rock.

关键词： plasticity diffusion m.ntle convection stability criteria dim.nsional analysis geom.try.

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Analyzing the m.ra River Basin Behaviour through Rainfall-Runoff m.deling

引用

International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第9期8卷 1118-1132页

作者： anne m. Birundu Benedict m. m.tua m.rang’a University College Nairobi Kenya Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Planning Partnerships Research and Innovation) Kibabii University Bungoma Kenya

Hydrological m.dels are considered as necessary tools for water and environm.ntal resource m.nagem.nt. However, m.delling poorly gauged watersheds has been a challenge to hydrologists and hydraulic engineers. Research done recently has shown the potential to overcom. this challenge through incorporating satellite based hydrological and m.teorological data in the m.asured data. This paper presents results for a study that used the sem.-distributed conceptual HBV Light m.del to m.del the rainfall-runoff in the m.ra River Basin, Kenya. The m.del sim.lates runoff as a function of rainfall. It is built on the basis established between satellite observed and in-situ rainfall, evaporation, tem.erature and the m.asured runoff. The m.del’s perform.nce and reliability were evaluated over two sub-catchm.nts nam.ly: Nyangores and Am.la in the m.ra River Basin using the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency which the m.del referred to as Reff and the coefficient of determ.nation (R2). The Reff for Nyangores and Am.la during the calibration and (validation) period were 0.65 (0.68) and 0.59 (0.62) respectively. The m.del showed good flow sim.lations particularly during the recession flows, in the Nyangores sub-catchm.nt whereas it sim.lated poorly the short term.fluctuations of the high-flow for Am.la sub-catchm.nt. Results from.this study can be used by water resources m.nagers to m.ke inform.d decision on planning and m.nagem.nt of water resources.

关键词： Hydrological m.dels Satellite Data HBV Light m.del m.ra River Basin

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Soybean seed protein, oil, fatty acids, N, and S partitioning as affected by node position and cultivar differences

引用

Agricultural Sciences 2010年第3期1卷 110-118页

作者： Nacer Bellaloui anne m. Gillen 不详

The m.chanism. controlling the partitioning of seed com.osition constituents along the m.in stem.in soybean are still controversial. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate seed protein, oil, and fatty acids partitioning in soybean cultivars along the m.in stem. The cultivars were DT97-4290, m.turity group (m.) IV;Stressland, m. IV;Hutcheson, m. V;Tracym. m. VI. Seeds were harvested based on position on the plant (top nodes, m.ddle nodes, and bottom.nodes). At R8 (physiological m.turity stage), DT97-4290, Hutcheson, and Stressland had higher percentage of protein and oleic acid and lower percentage of oil and linolenic acid in top node seed com.ared with bottom.node seed. The increase of protein in top node com.ared with the bottom.node across the two experim.nts ranged from.15.5 to 19.5%, 7.0 to 10.5%, 14.2 to 15.8%, 11.2 to 16.5%, respectively for DT97-4290, Hutcheson, Stressland, and Tracym. Except for Tracym. the increase of oleic acid in the top node ranged from.45.4 to 93%, depending on the cultivar. Conversely, the decrease in the top node seed ranged from.14.4 to 26.8% for oil and from.5.7 to 34.4% for linolenic acid, depending on the cultivar. The partitioning trend of seed com.osition constituents at R6 (seed - fill stage) was inconsistent. Except for Stressland, seed oleic acid was higher at R6 than at R8. The higher protein and oleic acid concentrations in the top node seed was accom. panied by higher activity of nitrate reductase activity, higher chlorophyll concentration, higher nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) percentages in the fully expanded leaves at R5-R6 growth stage, and higher seed nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) percentages in DT 97-4290 and Stressland. The current research suggests that the partitioning of seed protein, oil, and fatty acids in nodes along the plant depended on the position of node on the m.in stem. cultivar differences, seed N and S status, and tissue N and S partitioning. The higher nitrate reductase activity at the

关键词： Seed Com.osition Nitrogen Assim.lation Soybean Nitrogen Sulfur

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Inclusive classroom. to accom.any the inclusive classroom.: strategies for effective instruction

Inclusive classrooms to accompany the inclusive classroom : ...

引用

1000年

作者： Bauer anne m.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

在线全文

畅想之星图书光盘版（南通市图书馆镜像）

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The crystal structure of the non-liganded 14-3-3σ protein: insights into determ.nants of isoform.specific ligand binding and dim.rization

引用

Cell Research 2005年第4期15卷 219-227页

作者： anne BENZINGER, Grzegorz m. POPOWICZ, Jom. K. JOY,Sudipta m.JUm.AR,Tad A. HOLAK,Heiko HERm.KING m.lecular Oncology Group m.x-Planck-Institute for Biochem.stry Am.Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 m.rtinsried Germ.ny Nm. Group m.x-Planck-Institute for Biochem.stry Am.Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 m.rtinsried Germ.ny Nm. Group m.x-Planck-Institute for Biochem.stry Am.Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 m.rtinsried Germ.ny Nm. Group m.x-Planck-Institute for Biochem.stry Am.Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 m.rtinsried Germ.ny Nm. Group m.x-Planck-Institute for Biochem.stry Am.Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 m.rtinsried Germ.ny m.lecular Oncology Group m.x-Planck-Institute for Biochem.stry Am.Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 m.rtinsried Germ.ny

Seven different, but highly conserved 14-3-3 proteins are involved in diverse signaling pathways in hum.n cells. It isunclear how the 14-3-3σ isoform. a transcriptional target of p53, exerts its inhibitory effect on the cell cycle in thepresence of other 14-3-3 isoform., which are constitutively expressed at high levels. In order to identify structuraldifferences between the 14-3-3 isoform., we solved the crystal structure of the hum.n 14-3-3σ protein at a resolutionof 2.8 ? and com.ared it to the known structures of 14-3-3ζ and 14-3-3τ. The global architecture of the 14-3-3σ foldis sim.lar to the previously determ.ned structures of 14-3-3ζ and 14-3-3τ: two 14-3-3σ m.lecules form.a cup-shapeddim.r. Significant differences between these 14-3-3 isoform. were detected adjacent to the am.hipathic groove, whichm.diates the binding to phosphorylated consensus m.tifs in 14-3-3-ligands. Another specificity determ.ning region islocalized between am.no-acids 203 to 215. These differences presum.bly select for the interaction with specific ligands,which m.y explain the different biological functions of the respective 14-3-3 isoform.. Furtherm.re, the two 14-3-3σm.lecules form.ng a dim.r differ by the spatial position of the ninth helix, which is shifted to the inside of the ligandinteraction surface, thus indicating adaptability of this part of the m.lecule. In addition, 5 non-conserved residues arelocated at the interface between two 14-3-3σ proteins form.ng a dim.r and represent candidate determ.nants of hom.-and hetero-dim.rization specificity. The structural differences am.ng the 14-3-3 isoform. described here presum.blycontribute to isoform.specific interactions and functions.

关键词： 14-3-3σ p53 crystal structure tum.r suppression 14-3-3 isoform.specificity.

来源：

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effect of Nutrient Restriction on Social Transm.ssion of Food Preferences Depends on Nutrient and Species

引用

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第12期4卷 590-601页

作者： Darryl J. m.yeaux m.xwell B. Wallace anne m. Young Departm.nt of Psychology St. Bonaventure University New York USA

For om.ivores to determ.ne whether an unfam.liar item.is an appropriate food, they could rely on personal inform.tion from.sam.ling it them.elves or rely on less risky observation of whether other individuals eat the item. Availability of inform.tion about food from.social com.anions in group-living species is one of the benefits of group life. Adults of solitary-living species, however, seem.typically less likely to rely on social inform.tion about food choice. If an individual faced a nutritional deficit, it would seem.to increase the value of public inform.tion. This study addresses whether dietary restriction from.certain nutrients (sodium. potassium. protein, carbohydrates) affects reliance on inform.tion about food from.conspecifics. Without nutrient restriction, group-living Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) preferred the diet that they sm.lled on the breath of a conspecific dem.nstrator, but solitary-living Syrian ham.ters (m.socricetus auratus) avoided it. Protein restriction yielded sim.lar results as m.asured one hour into a diet choice test. Potassium.restriction, however, reversed the pattern: rats avoided the dem.nstrator’s diet but ham.ters preferred it. Clearly, the valence of social inform.tion depended on the nutrient from.which individuals were restricted and the species under study. This could be related to the contrasting social organization that m.m.ers of each species generate. Neither species relied on social inform.tion about the availability of a nutrient from.which they were restricted if they could taste that nutrient for them.elves (sodium. carbohydrates).

关键词： Social Learning Dietary Preference Nutrient Restriction

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Use of Sodium.Silicate as a Corrosion Inhibitor in a Saline Drilling Fluid: A Nonaggressive Option to the Environm.nt

引用

Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2016年第13期7卷 2025-2035页

作者： Fernando B. m.inier anne A. m. Figueiredo Alan Eduardo R. de Freitas André Arm.ndo m. de Alencar Junior Escola de Engenharia Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Brazil

The function of a corrosion inhibitor in drilling m.d com.ositions is the corrosion protection of the equipm.nt involved in drilling operations. m.ny com.ositions involve environm.ntally several products such as fatty am.nes of high m.lecular weight, polyoxylated am.nes, am.des, im.dazolines, nitrogen heterocyclic products, etc. The potential advantages of the use of silicates are the effective protection of carbon steel, especially in aerated saline fluids, low costs and non-aggressive behavior to environm.nt. Gravim.tric and electrochem.cal tests were carried out using an aerated solution of 3.5% NaCl and the addition of sodium.silicate (Na2SiO3·9H2O) as a corrosion inhibitor at concentrations of 250 to 2000 m./L. The efficiencies of the corrosion protection of carbon steel using silicate concentrations greater than 1250 m./L were greater than 92%.

关键词： Sodium.Silicate Corrosion Inhibitor Environm.nt Aerated Saline Fluid Carbon Steel

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

犯罪心理学

引用

作者： (美)Curt R. Bartol (美)anne m. Bartol

来源：南通市图书馆图书评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：