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Purification of solar cell silicon materials through filtration

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Rare Metals 2006年第z1期25卷 180-185页

作者： CIFTJA Arjan ENGH Thorvald Abel KVITHYLD anne Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim N-7491 Norway

Silicon is the material most commonly used in the manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) cells. In the current study, laboratory experiments of purification of solar cell silicon materials through filtration are carried out. Inclusion removal from silicon was investigated. The purpose is to achieve clean silicon materials for solar cells. Silicon samples and filter samples were analyzed using microscope observation, EPMA, and X-ray detection. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon carbide (SiC) particles are the main non-metallic inclusions present in top-cut silicon scrap. Almost all inclusions larger than 10 μm can be removed from silicon by the porous foam filter. In mass fraction, more than 90% inclusions are removed. Si3N4 particles are mainly removed on the top surface of the filter, and SiC particles are mainly removed by entering the pores and attaching to the filter material. SiC inclusions are not only simply attached on the surface of the filter material, but are found also inside the filter material. There are SiC bridges near the filter materials. These bridges may fill the spaces between filter material, and this will further retard inclusions passing through the filter. Three-dimensional turbulent fluid flow and inclusion motion in the filter was calculated. Both experimental observation and fluid flow simulation indicate that most of the inclusions are entrapped at the upper part of the filter.

关键词： solar cell silicon inclusions filtration nitrides carbides fluid flow

Comparisons of corrosion behaviour for X65 and low Cr steels in high pressure CO2-saturated brine

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第6期41卷 21-32页

作者： Yong Hua Sikiru Mohammed Richard Barker anne Neville Institute of Functional Surfaces School of Mechanical Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

Appropriate materials for injection pipelines and tubing for carbon dioxide geologic storage is fundamental to ensure asset integrity and save *** paper evaluates the corrosion behaviour of X65,1Cr,3Cr and 5Cr,which have the potential to be injection pipeline/tubing *** influence of steel Cr content on the general and localised corrosion behaviour was investigated at time periods from 6 to 192 h at 60℃and 100 *** evolution,morphology and chemistry of corrosion products on the surface of each material were evaluated using a combination of scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction and related to their overall corrosion *** indicate that prior to the formation of protective films on the steel surfaces,the resistance of the materials to corrosion increase with increasing Cr content(Corrosion resistance:X651Cr>3Cr>5Cr).In terms of the corrosion products on X65,both inner amorphous and outer crystalline corrosion layers consist of *** the Cr-containing steels,the outer layer also comprises FeCO3,but the inner layer is enriched with Cr,and is predominantly amorphous Cr(OH)*** extent of localised corrosion(determined using surface profilometry)is noticeably less for X65 compared to the Cr-containing *** paper raises questions about the benefits that low Cr steels offer towards extending component design life compared to carbon steel under the test conditions considered here.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Corrosion X65 Low-Cr steels Iron carbonate Chromium hydroxide

Zygotic chromosomal structural aberrations after paternal drug treatment

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第6期17卷 939-941页

作者： anne Marie Downey Bernard Robaire Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeuticsand of Obstetrics and Gynecology McGill UniversityMontreal Quebec Canada.

In recent years, the field of male-mediated reproductive toxicology has received growing attention. It is now well-established that many drugs, chemicals, and environmental factors can harm male germ cells by inducing DNA damage. Male germ cells have extensive repair mechanisms that allow detection and repair of damaged DNA during the early phases of spermatogenesis. However, during the later phase of spermiogenesis, when the haploid spermatids undergo chromatin condensation and become transcriptionally quiescent, their ability to repair damaged DNA is lost. It is also thought that the highly compacted chromatin of the sperm can protect DNA against damage. Therefore, it is expected that late spermatids will be most susceptible to DNA damaging agents. Unrepaired or misrepaired damage in the germ cells leads to the generation of spermatozoa with DNA damage that can be transmitted to the next generation. Fortunately, the maternal DNA repair machinery is capable of recognizing and repairing, at least to some degree, damaged paternal DNA after fertilization in the zygote. Therefore, the efficiency of the maternal repair machinery will greatly influence the risk of transmitting paternal DNA damage to offspring.

关键词： Zygotic chromosomal treatment

Pharmacological challenges in chronic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7302-7307页

作者： anne Estrup Olesen anne Brokjaer Iben WD Fisher Isabelle M Larsen Mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAalborg University Hospital9000 AalborgDenmark Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg University9000 AalborgDenmark Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1455 CopenhagenDenmark

Drug absorption in patients with chronic pancreatitis might be affected by the pathophysiology of the *** exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is associated with changes in gastrointestinal intraluminal pH,motility disorder,bacterial overgrowth and changed pancreatic gland *** these factors can result in malabsorption and may also affect the efficacy of pharmacological *** lifestyle of chronic pancreatitis patients may also contribute to gastrointestinal *** patients limit their food intake because of the pain caused by eating and in some cases food intake is more or less substituted with alcohol,tobacco and *** and drug interaction are known to influence the pharmacokinetics by altering either drug absorption or by affecting liver *** patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis experience severe pain,opioids are often prescribed as pain *** have intrinsic effects on gastrointestinal motility and hence can modify the absorption of other drugs taken at the same ***,the increased fluid absorption caused by opioids will decrease water available for drug dissolution and may hereby affect absorption of the *** stated above many factors can influence drug absorption and metabolism in patients with chronic *** factors may not have clinical relevance,but may explain inter-individual variations in responses to a given drug,in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

关键词： Pharmacology Absorption Metabolism Chronic pancreatitis Treatment

Seed wasp invasions promoted by unregulated seed trade affect vegetal and animal biodiversity

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 228-246页

作者： Marie-anne AUGER-ROZENBERG Alain ROQUES French National Institute for Agricultural Research(INRA) Forest Ecology(UR633)OrleansFrance

Cone and seed insects are considered the most important predators of tree seeds during the pre-dispersal phase of *** them,exotic seed chalcids in the genus Megastigmus invaded Europe as a result of the rapidly-increasing and mostly unregulated seed trade for afforestation and ornamental *** their economic impact in seed orchards,until recently,little attention was paid to the ecological impact of these *** the present study,selected case studies of alien Megastigmus *** considered to assess their specific impact on the potential of natural regeneration of native woody plants and on the native entomofauna competing for seed *** re-analyzed data from former studies that did not focus on these ecological interactions and,here,present previously unpublished *** of Douglas-fir,true cedars,true firs and wild roses were sampled all over Europe,and the relative importance of the native and invasive chalcid species was assessed as well as their specific impact on seed *** most cases,the recent arrival of alien chalcids resulted in a significant decrease in the regeneration potential of the host *** the absence of competitors,alien chalcids occupied the entire seed niche in Douglas-fir,but their impact tended to decrease after the arrival of invasive seed *** firs,alien chalcids tended to displace the native chalcids,but not in wild roses and cedars,where their damage was *** biological traits that might explain invasive success of alien chalcids are ***,no general invasive patterns seem to exist.

关键词： ecological impact invasion Megastigmus seed trade

Chrononutrition in traditional European medicine-Ideal meal timing for cardiometabolic health promotion

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第2期22卷 115-125页

作者： Nora Selena Eberli Ludivine Colas anne Gimalac Department of Traditional European Medicine Navi Institute of Research in Integrative HealthEcole Professionnelle Superieure de NaturopathieCentre Andre Henzelin1066 EpalingesSwitzerland

Meal timing plays a crucial role for cardiometabolic health,given the circadian regulation of cardiometabolic ***,to the best of our knowledge,no concept of meal timing exists in traditional European medicine(TEM).Therefore,in this narrative review,we aim to define the optimal time slot for energy intake and optimal energy distribution throughout the day in a context of TEM and explore further *** reviewing literature published between 2002 and 2022,we found that optimal timing for energy intake may be between 06:00 and 09:00,12:00 and 14:00,and between 15:00 and18:00,with high energy breakfast,medium energy lunch and low energy dinner and possibly further adjustments according to one’s chronotype and ***,timing and distribution of energy intake may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to optimize coction,a concept describing digestion and metabolism in TEM.

关键词： Circadian rhythm Chrononutrition Naturopathy Traditional European medicine Metabolic syndrome Meal timing

Thermal desorption of mercury from lignite in a high-temperature furnace and in power plant mills

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第5期9卷 150-159页

作者： anne-Christin Kropp Kathrin Gebauer Michael Beckmann Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology Faculty of Mechanical Science and EngineeringTU Dresden01062 DresdenGermany

In this article,the binding forms of two lignite samples are determined by thermal desorption using a high-temperature *** mercury compound,such as HgCl2,has a specifc binding strength whose decomposition requires a certain thermal ***,the release of mercury from pure substances and lignite samples was analyzed in a high-temperature *** released mercury is determined with a Mercury Vapor *** obtained characteristic temperature range and peak of the mercury release were compared between lignite samples and mercury pure *** the lignite samples investigated,the binding form of mercury was then identifed as Humic *** organic compounds vaporize at lower *** half of the mercury bound in the lignite was already released at 350℃.Furthermore,the question arises whether mercury is already released during the grinding-drying process in the coal mill of a power *** two power plants,lignite samples were taken simultaneously at the feeder before entering the coal mill and at the dust line *** samples were analyzed for mercury *** results show that up to one third of the mercury was already released in the coal *** vaporized mercury enters the combustion chamber detached from the *** stated analysis methods and the results presented in this article contribute to the understanding of the mercury binding forms in *** also shows the potential of thermal coal pretreatment as a favorable alternative mercury separation technology to others such as activated carbon dosing.

关键词： Mercury binding forms Thermal desorption Mercury release Coal mill Coal pretreatment

Soil microbial response to waste potassium silicate drilling fluid

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第3期27卷 189-198页

作者： Linjun Yao M.anne Naeth Allen Jobson Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta School of Land Science and Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

Potassium silicate drilling fluids （PSDF） are a waste product of the oil and gas industry with potential for use in land reclamation. Few studies have examined the influence of PSDF on abundance and composition of soil bacteria and fungi. Soils from three representative locations for PSDF application in Alberta, Canada, with clay loam, loam and sand textures were studied with applications of unused, used once and used twice PSDF. For all three soils, applying ≥40 m^3/ha of used PSDF significantly affected the existing soil microbial flora. No microbiota was detected in unused PSDF without soil. Adding used PSDF to soil significantly increased total fungal and aerobic bacterial colony forming units in dilution plate counts, and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria numbers in serial growth experiments. Used PSDF altered bacterial and fungal colony forming unit ratios of all three soils.

关键词： Drilling waste Potassium silicate drilling fluid Soil Microbiota

Silicone rubbers for dielectric elastomers with improved dielectric and mechanical properties as a result of substituting silica with titanium dioxide

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2015年第4期6卷 268-289页

作者： Liyun Yu anne Ladegaard Skov The Danish Polymer Centre Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of Denmark2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark

One prominent method of modifying the properties of dielectric elastomers(DEs)is by adding suitable metal oxide ***,almost all commercially available sili-cone elastomers are already heavily filled with silica to reinforce the otherwise rather weak silicone network and the resulting metal oxide filled elastomer may contain too much *** therefore explore the replacement of silica with titanium dioxide to ensure a relatively low concentration of *** silicone rubber(LSR)has relatively low viscosity,which is favorable for loading inorganic *** the present study,four commercial LSRs with varying loadings of silica and one benchmark room-temperature vulcanizable rubber(RTV)were *** resulting elastomers were evaluated with respect to their dielectric permittivity,tear and tensile strengths,electrical breakdown,thermal stability and dynamic *** silicone elasto-mers with high loadings of nano-sized titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))particles were also *** best overall performing formulation had 35 wt.%TiO_(2) nanoparticles in the POWERSIL®XLR LSR,where the excellent ensemble of relative dielectric permittivity of 4.9 at 0.1 Hz,breakdown strength of 160 V µm^(−1),tear strength of 5.3 MPa,elongation at break of 190%,a Young’s modulus of 0.85 MPa and a 10% strain response(simple tension)in a 50 Vμm^(−1) electric field was obtained.

关键词： silicone rubber titanium dioxide dielectric permittivity mechanical properties electrical breakdown