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Therapeutic advances in neural regeneration for Huntington’s disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1991-1997页

作者： Francesco D’Egidio Vanessa Castelli Giorgia Lombardozzi Fabrizio Ammannito annamaria Cimini Michele d’Angelo Department of Life Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly

Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion mutation of a cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet in the exon 1 of the HTT gene which is responsible for the production of the huntingtin (Htt) protein. In physiological conditions, Htt is involved in many cellular processes such as cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism regulation, DNA maintenance, axonal trafficking, and antiapoptotic activity. When the genetic alteration is present, the production of a mutant version of Htt (mHtt) occurs, which is characterized by a plethora of pathogenic activities that, finally, lead to cell death. Among all the cells in which mHtt exerts its dangerous activity, the GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons seem to be the most affected by the mHtt-induced excitotoxicity both in the cortex and in the striatum. However, as the neurodegeneration proceeds ahead the neuronal loss grows also in other brain areas such as the cerebellum, hypothalamus, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra, determining the variety of symptoms that characterize Huntington’s disease. From a clinical point of view, Huntington’s disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms spanning from motor impairment to cognitive disorders and dementia. Huntington’s disease shows a prevalence of around 3.92 cases every 100,000 worldwide and an incidence of 0.48 new cases every 100,000/year. To date, there is no available cure for Huntington’s disease. Several treatments have been developed so far, aiming to reduce the severity of one or more symptoms to slow down the inexorable decline caused by the disease. In this context, the search for reliable strategies to target the different aspects of Huntington’s disease become of the utmost interest. In recent years, a variety of studies demonstrated the detrimental role of neuronal loss in Huntington’s disease condition highlighting how the replacement of lost cells would be a reasonable strategy to o

关键词： cell therapy exosomes extracellular vesicles Huntingtin Huntington’s disease medium spiny neurons neurodegenerative disease neurogenesis neuronal loss stem cells

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Unraveling the role of METTL14 in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease:insights and therapeutic implications

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1781-1783页

作者： so Jung Kim Jeongeun Hyun Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering(ITREN) Dankook UniversityCheonanRepublic of Korea Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Dankook UniversityCheonanRepublic of Korea Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center College of DentistryDankook UniversityCheonanRepublic of Korea

The recent article published in Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy sheds light on the significance of N6-methyladenosine(m6A)methyltransferase-like protein METTL14 in mitigating the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).1 In this study,Wang et *** the downregulation of METTL14 in hepatocytes from both MAFLD patients and high-fat diet(HFD)-induced MAFLD mouse models,underscoring its pivotal role in maintaining hepatic lipid and redox homeostasis in normal livers.

关键词： liver homeostasis al.

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Spray,droplet evaporation,combustion,and emission characteristics of future transport fuels for compression-ignition engines:A review

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 575-613页

作者： Leang so Khuong Nozomu Hashimoto Osamu Fujita Division of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty of EngineeringHokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8628Japan Faculty of Automotive Engineering National Polytechnic Institute of CambodiaPhnom Penh 120901Cambodia

This review examines the potential of hydrogen,ammonia,and biodiesel as alternative fuels,focusing on spray dynamics,droplet evaporation,combustion,and *** offers superior combustion characteristics but faces challenges in NO_(x)*** like nonpremixed direct injection,increased intake boost pressure,and low-pressure EGR are suggested for robust hydrogen combustion in compression-ignition *** of hydrogen start of injection(soI)and water injection(WI)are identified as effective techniques for reducing NO_(x)*** shows inferior combustion and higher NO_(x)and unburned NH_(3)emissions in the same conditions as conventional fuels with conventional *** ammonia spray and evaporation conditions is significant for optimizing an ammonia-air mixture and minimizing wall impingement and ammonia trap in the crevice,thereby improving combustion and emission *** intake pressure,injection pressure,and EGR rate,employing a turbulent jet,and preheating ammonia improve efficiency and reduce NO_(x)*** ammonia combustion requires the implementation of after-treatment systems such as NH_(3)adsorber and De NO_(x)catalysts to mitigate unburned NH_(3)and NO_(x)*** affects the fuel supply system,combustion,and emission characteristics according to its viscosity and *** injection pressure and blending with volatile fuels enhance spray and *** biodiesel preheating temperatures for the injection pump and injector are crucial for achieving the best pump capacity and spray *** utilizing biodiesel-PODE blends and investigating low-temperature biodiesel combustions,there is potential to improve thermal efficiency and PMNO_(x)***,carbon-neutral fuel adoption should be accelerated to mitigate CO_(2)emissions,highlighting the importance of combustion techniques and emissions reduction strategies.

关键词： Carbon-neutral fuels Spray formation Droplet evaporation Injection strategies Combustion efficiency Emission reduction

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A core scientific problem in the treatment of central nervous system diseases:newborn neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2588-2601页

作者： Peng Hao Zhaoyang Yang Kwok-Fai so Xiaoguang Li Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Institute of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint LaboratoryJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Bioland Laboratory(Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administration RegionChina Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay AreaGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina

It has long been asserted that failure to recover from central nervous system diseases is due to the system's intricate structure and the regenerative incapacity of adult *** over recent decades,numerous studies have established that endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult central nervous system,including humans'.This has challenged the long-held scientific consensus that the number of adult neurons remains constant,and that new central nervous system neurons cannot be created or ***,we present a comprehensive overview of the alterations and regulatory mechanisms of endogenous neurogenesis following central nervous system injury,and describe novel treatment strategies that to rget endogenous neurogenesis and newborn neurons in the treatment of central nervous system *** nervous system injury frequently results in alterations of endogenous neurogenesis,encompassing the activation,proliferation,ectopic migration,diffe rentiation,and functional integration of endogenous neural stem *** of the unfavorable local microenvironment,most activated neural stem cells diffe rentiate into glial cells rather than ***,the injury-induced endogenous neurogenesis response is inadequate for repairing impaired neural *** have attempted to enhance endogenous neurogenesis using various strategies,including using neurotrophic factors,bioactive materials,and cell reprogramming *** alone or in combination,these therapeutic strategies can promote targeted migration of neural stem cells to an injured area,ensure their survival and diffe rentiation into mature functional neurons,and facilitate their integration into the neural *** can integration re plenish lost neurons after central nervous system injury,by improving the local *** regulating each phase of endogenous neurogenesis,endogenous neural stem cells can be harnessed to promote effective regeneration of newborn ***

关键词： bioactive materials brain trauma endogenous neurogenesis hippocampal dentate gyrus neural stem cells neurotrophic factors newborn neurons spinal cord injury stroke subventricular zone

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无绝缘REBCO饼型线圈变形引起的特性电阻变化

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第4期40卷 21-26页

作者： so Noguchi Hokkaido University Kita 14 Nishi 9Kita-kuSapporo060-0814Japan

近年来稀土钡铜氧化物(REBCO)饼型线圈在高磁场产生中的变形引起了人们的关注.一些考虑线圈变形的电流模拟显示了线圈变形可能影响屏蔽电流分布的可能性.屏蔽电流会产生强大的电磁力,对REBCO饼型线圈造成机械损伤.然而,线圈变形也可能... 详细信息

近年来稀土钡铜氧化物(REBCO)饼型线圈在高磁场产生中的变形引起了人们的关注.一些考虑线圈变形的电流模拟显示了线圈变形可能影响屏蔽电流分布的可能性.屏蔽电流会产生强大的电磁力,对REBCO饼型线圈造成机械损伤.然而,线圈变形也可能影响无绝缘(NI)REBCO饼型线圈的接触电阻,通常称为“特性电阻”.NI特性电阻是NI REBCO饼型线圈稳定性的一个重要因素.因此,有必要研究随着线圈形状变形的NI接触电阻.本文展示了外部场充电和NI线圈充电期间NI特性电阻的变化.

关键词：屏蔽电流接触电阻线圈变形铜氧化物 REBCO 电阻变化机械损伤电磁力

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Factors affecting length of stay according to bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity:a nationwide cohort study in Korea

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期20卷 470-480页

作者： Hye Mi Lee Jeongmin Shin Sae Yun Kim so Young Kim Department of Pediatrics College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Pediatrics Yeouido St.Mary’s HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea1063-roYeongdeungpo-guSeoul07345Republic of Korea

Background Longer hospitalizations for preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)delay developmental outcomes,increase the risk for hospital-acquired complications,and exert a substantial socioeconomic *** study aimed to identify factors associated with an extended length of stay(LOS)at different levels of severity of *** A cohort study was conducted using the Korean Neonatal Network registry of very low birth weight infants with BPD between 2013 and 2017 through retrospective *** A total of 4263 infants were diagnosed with *** mild BPD,infants requiring surgical treatment for patent ductus arteriosus needed a longer LOS[eadjustedβcoefficients(adjβ)1.041;95%confidence interval(CI):0.01–0.08]and hydrocephalus(eadjβ1.094;95%CI 0.01–0.17).In moderate BPD,infants administered steroids or with intraventricular hemorrhage required a longer LOS(eadjβ1.041;95%CI 0.00–0.07 and eadjβ1.271;95%CI 0.11–0.38,respectively).In severe BPD,infants with comorbidities required a longer LOS:pulmonary hypertension(eadjβ1.174;95%CI 0.09–0.23),administrated steroid for BPD(eadjβ1.116;95%CI 0.07–0.14),sepsis(eadjβ1.062;95%CI 0.01–0.11),patent ductus arteriosus requiring surgical ligation(eadjβ1.041;95%CI 0.00–0.08),and intraventricular hemorrhage(eadjβ1.016;95%CI 0.05–0.26).Additionally,the higher the clinical risk index score,the longer the LOS needed for infants in all *** The factors affecting LOS differed according to the severity of *** approaches to reducing LOS may be devised using knowledge of the various risk factors affecting LOS by BPD severity.

关键词： Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Length of stay Very low birth weight

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Suboptimal Feature Selection Techniques for Effective Malicious Traffic Detection on Lightweight Devices

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1669-1687页

作者： so-Eun Jeon Ye-sol Oh Yeon-Ji Lee Il-Gu Lee Department of Future Convergence Technology Engineering Sungshin Women’s UniversitySeoul02844Korea Department of Convergence Security Engineering SungshinWomen’s UniversitySeoul02844Korea

With the advancement of wireless network technology,vast amounts of traffic have been generated,and malicious traffic attacks that threaten the network environment are becoming increasingly *** signature-based detection methods,static analysis,and dynamic analysis techniques have been previously explored for malicious traffic detection,they have limitations in identifying diversified malware traffic *** research has been focused on the application of machine learning to detect these ***,applying machine learning to lightweight devices like IoT devices is challenging because of the high computational demands and complexity involved in the learning *** this study,we examined methods for effectively utilizing machine learning-based malicious traffic detection approaches for lightweight *** introduced the suboptimal feature selection model(SFSM),a feature selection technique designed to reduce complexity while maintaining the effectiveness of malicious traffic *** performance was evaluated on various malicious traffic,benign,exploits,and generic,using the UNSW-NB15 dataset and SFSM sub-optimized hyperparameters for feature selection and narrowed the search scope to encompass all *** improved learning performance while minimizing complexity by considering feature selection and exhaustive search as two steps,a problem not considered in conventional *** experimental results showed that the detection accuracy was improved by approximately 20%compared to the random model,and the reduction in accuracy compared to the greedy model,which performs an exhaustive search on all features,was kept within 6%.Additionally,latency and complexity were reduced by approximately 96%and 99.78%,respectively,compared to the greedy *** study demonstrates that malicious traffic can be effectively detected even in lightweight device *** verified the possibility of detecting various attack

关键词： Feature selection lightweight device machine learning Internet of Things malicious traffic

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Carbon coated LaFe_(0.92)Pd_(0.08)O_(3) composites for catalytic transfer hydrogenation:Balance in the ability of substrates adsorption and conversion

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 3724-3732页

作者： Bowen Wang Nan Zhang Ping Xiao Jian Zhang sónia A.C.Carabineiro Junjiang Zhu Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing&Finishing College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200China College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of ChemistryNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade NOVA de LisboaLargo da Torre2829-516 CaparicaPortugal

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation(CTH)is a green and efficient pathway for selective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes and ***,managing the abilities of solid catalysts to adsorb substrates and to convert them into desired products is a challenging ***,we report the synthesis of carbon coated LaFe_(0.92)Pd_(0.08)O_(3) composites(LFPO-8@C)for CTH of benzaldehyde(BzH)into benzyl alcohol(BzOH),using isopropanol(IPA)as hydrogen *** coating with carbon improves the ability to adsorb/transfer reactants from solution to active sites,and the doping of Pd2+at Fe3+site strengthens the ability of LaFeO_(3) to convert BzH into BzOH.A balanced point between them(i.e.,abilities to adsorb BzH and to convert BzH into BzOH)is obtained at LFPO-8@C,which exhibits a BzOH formation rate of 3.88 mmol·gcat^(-1)·h^(-1) at 180℃ for 3 h,which is 1.50 and 2.72 times faster than those of LFPO-8 and LaFeO_(3)@C.A reaction mechanism is proposed,in which the acidic sites(e.g.,Fe^(4+),oxygen vacancy)are used for the activation of C=O bond of BzH and O-H bond of IPA,and the basic sites(e.g.,lattice oxygen)for the activation ofα-H(O-H)bond of IPA.

关键词： LaFe_(0.92)Pd_(0.08)O_(3) porous carbon catalytic transfer hydrogenation isopropanol reaction mechanism

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Treadmill exercise improves hippocampal neural plasticity and relieves cognitive deficits in a mouse model of epilepsy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 657-662页

作者： Hang Yu Mingting Shao Xi Luo Chaoqin Pang Kwok-Fai so Jiandong Yu Li Zhang Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuShandong ProvinceChina School of Psychology Shanghai University of SportShanghaiChina

Epilepsy frequently leads to cognitive dysfunction and approaches to treatment remain *** regular exercise effectively improves learning and memory functions across multiple neurological diseases,its application in patients with epilepsy remains ***,we adopted a 14-day treadmill-exercise paradigm in a pilocarpine injection-induced mouse model of *** assays confirmed the improvement of object and spatial memory after endurance training,and electrophysiological studies revealed the maintenance of hippocampal plasticity as a result of physical *** of the mechanisms underlying this effect revealed that exercise protected parvalbumin interneurons,probably via the suppression of neuroinflammation and improved integrity of blood-brain *** summary,this work identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exercise improves cognitive rehabilitation in epilepsy.

关键词： blood-brain barrier cognition hippocampus interneurons long-term potentiation microglial cell neuroinflammation spatial memory temporal epilepsy treadmill exercise

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Electrochemically Deposited CZTSSe Thin Films for Monolithic Perovskite Tandem solar Cells with Efficiencies Over 17%

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 147-152页

作者： Sun Kyung Hwang Ik Jae Park Se Won Seo Jae Hyun Park so Jeong Park Jin Young Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Applied Physics Sookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul 04310Korea Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems Sookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul 04310Korea Research Institute of Advanced Materials(RIAM) Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

In spite of the high potential economic feasibility of the tandem solar cells consisting of the halide perovskite and the kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe),they have rarely been demonstrated due to the difficulty in implementing solution-processed perovskite top cell on the rough surface of the bottom ***,we firstly demonstrate an efficient monolithic two-terminal perovskite/CZTSSe tandem solar cell by significantly reducing the surface roughness of the electrochemically deposited CZTSSe bottom *** surface roughness(R_(rms))of the CZTSSe thin film could be reduced from 424 to 86 nm by using the potentiostatic mode rather than using the conventional galvanostatic mode,which can be further reduced to 22 nm after the subsequent ion-milling *** perovskite top cell with a bandgap of 1.65 eV could be prepared using a solution process on the flattened CZTSSe bottom cell,resulting in the efficient perovskite/CZTSSe tandem solar *** the current matching between two subcells involving the thickness control of the perovskite layer,the best performing tandem device exhibited a high conversion efficiency of 17.5%without the hysteresis effect.

关键词： CZTSSe monolithic tandem solar cells perovskite solution process surface roughness control

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