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Hepatitis C virus eradication in people living with human immunodeficiency virus:Where are we now?

World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 661-666页

作者： anna maria spera Pasquale Pagliano Valeria Conti Infectious Disease Unit Universitary Hospital OORR San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'AragonaSalerno 84131Italy Department of Infectious Diseases University of SalernoSalerno 84131Italy Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit University Hospital“San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”Salerno 84131Italy

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)co-infection still involves 2.3 million patients worldwide of the estimated 37.7 million living with HIV,according to World Health *** living with HIV(PLWH)are six times greater affected by HCV,compared to HIV negative ones;the greater prevalence is encountered among people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men:the risk of HCV transmission through sexual contact in this setting can be increased by HIV *** patients experience a high rate of chronic hepatitis,which if left untreated progresses to end-stage liver disease and hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC)HIV infection increases the risk of mother to child vertical transmission of *** vaccination against both infections is still *** is an interplay between HIV and HCV *** of HCV is nowadays based on direct acting antivirals(DAAs),HCV treatment plays a key role in limiting the progression of liver disease and reducing the risk of HCC development in mono-and coinfected individuals,especially when used at an early stage of fibrosis,reducing liver disease mortality and *** the sustained virological response at week 12 rates were observed in PLWH after HCV eradication,the AASLD has revised its simplified HCV treatment algorithm to also include individuals living with *** eradication can determine dyslipidemia,since HCV promotes changes in serum lipid profiles and may influence lipid *** addition to these apparent detrimental effects on the lipid profile,the efficacy of DAA in HCV/HIV patients needs to be considered in light of its effects on glucose metabolism mediated by improvements in liver *** aim of the present editorial is to describe the advancement in HCV treatment among PLWH.

关键词： Hepatitis People living with human immunodeficiency virus Direct acting antivirals Highly active antiretroviral therapy Co-infection

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Safety of direct acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C in oncologic setting:A clinical experience and a literature review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第3期14卷 525-534页

作者： anna maria spera Infectious Disease Unit Universitary Hospital OO RR San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'AragonaSalerno 84131Italy

With a globally estimated 58 million people affected by,chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection still represents a hard challenge for scientific community.A chronic course can occur among patients with a weak innate ad adaptive response with cirrhosis and malignancies as main *** patients undergoing chemotherapy represent a special immunocompromised population predisposed to HCV reactivation(HCVr)with undesirable changes in cancer treatment and *** of the study highlight the possibility of HCVr in oncologic population eligible to chemotherapy and its threatening consequences on cancer treatment;underline the importance of HCV screening before oncologic therapy and the utility of direct aging antivirals(DAAs).A comprehensive overview of scientific literature has been *** searched in PubMed were:“HCV reactivation in oncologic setting”“HCV screening”,“second generation DAAs”.Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamics characteristics of DAAs are reported,along with drug-drug interactions among chemotherapeutic drug classes regimens and *** trials conducted among oncologic adults with HCV infection eligible to both chemotherapy and DAAs were *** eradication with DAAs in oncologic patients affected by HCV infection is safe and helps liver recovery,allowing the initiation of cancer treatment no compromising its course and success.

关键词： Hepatitis C Virus Direct aging antivirals Drug interactions Pharmacodynamic Pharmacokinetic Pre-emptive therapy

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Hepatitis B virus infection reactivation in patients under immunosuppressive therapies:Pathogenesis,screening,prevention and treatment

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World Journal of Virology 2022年第5期11卷 275-282页

作者： anna maria spera Infectious Disease Unit Universitary Hospital OORR San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'AragonaSalerno 84131Italy

With a 5.3%of the global population involved,hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a major public health challenge requiring an urgent *** a possible acute phase,the natural history of HBV infection can progress in *** with overt or occult HBV infection can undergo HBV reactivation(HBVr)in course of immunosuppressive treatments that,apart from oncological and hematological diseases,are also used in rheumatologic,gastrointestinal,neurological and dermatological settings,as well as to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 *** risk of HBV reactivation is related to the immune status of the patient and the baseline HBV infection *** aim of the present paper is to investigate the risk of HBVr in those not oncological settings in order to suggest strategies for preventing and treating this *** main studies about HBVr for patients with occult hepatitis B infection and chronic HBV infection affected by non-oncologic diseases eligible for immunosuppressive treatment have been *** occurrence of this challenging event can be reduced screening the population eligible for immunosuppressant to assess the best strategies according to any virological *** prospective studies are needed to increase data on the risk of HBVr related to newer immunomodulant agents employed in non-oncological setting.

关键词： Hepatitis B Virus infection Reactivation Occult B infection Chronic B infection Immunosuppression Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

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Biodegradability of bioplastics in different aquatic environments:A systematic review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 169-181页

作者： maria Cristina Lavagnolo Valentina Poli anna maria Zampini Valentina Grossule Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering-Laboratory of Environmental EngineeringUniversity of PadovaLungargine Rovetta 8Padova 35100Italy

Bioplastics were first introduced as environmentally friendly materials,with properties similar to those of conventional plastics.A bioplastic is defined as biodegradable if it can be decomposed into carbon dioxide under aerobic degradation,or methane and CO_(2)under anaerobic conditions,inorganic compounds,and new cellular biomass,by the action of naturally occurring *** definition however does not provide any information on the environmental conditions,timescale and extent at which decomposition processes should *** regard to the aquatic environment,recognized standards have been established to assess the ability of plastics to undergo biodegradation;however,these standards fail to provide clear targets to be met to allow labelling of a bioplastic as ***,these standards grant the user an extensive leeway in the choice of process *** these reasons,the comparison of results deriving from different studies is *** authors analysed and discussed the degree of biodegradability of a series of biodegradable bioplastics in aquatic environments(both fresh and salt water)using the results obtained in the laboratory and from on-site testing in the context of different research *** Oxygen Demand(BOD),CO_(2)evolution,surface erosion and weight loss were the main parameters used by researchers to describe the percentage of *** results showed a large variability both in weight loss and BOD,even when evaluating the same type of *** confirms the need for a reference range of values to be established with regard to parameters applied in defining the biodegradability of bioplastics.

关键词： Biodegradation Bioplastic Plastic Natural environment Plastic waste

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Are nucleotide inhibitors, already used for treating hepatitis C virus infection, a potential option for the treatment of COVID-19 compared with standard of care? A literature review

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World Journal of Virology 2021年第2期10卷 53-61页

作者： anna maria spera Department of Infectious Diseases University of Study of SalernoSalerno 84131Italy

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is global pandemic with various clinical presentations,ranging from cold to sometimes unrecoverable acute respiratory distress *** urgently needed,currently there are no specific treatments for *** existing pharmaceuticals to treat COVID-19 is crucial to control the *** silico and in vitro studies suggest that a nucleotide inhibitor called Sofosbuvir,has also antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),apart from suppressing other positive-strand ribonucleic Acid viruses with conserved polymerase(hepatitis C virus).The aim of this study was to assess if Sofosbuvir improves clinical outcomes in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19.A comprehensive overview of scientific literature has been *** searched in PubMed were:COVID-19,SARS-CoV-2,nucleotide inhibitors,pandemic,*** clinical trials conducted among adults with moderate or severe COVID-19 were *** were divided in treatment and control arms,receiving Sofosbuvir plus standard care and standard care alone *** addition of Sofosbuvir to standard care significantly reduced the duration of hospital stay compared with standard care alone in clinical trials *** efficacy of these repurposed,cheap and easily available drug against SARS-CoV-2 is further demonstrated,it could be essential to refine the treatment of COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Nucleotide inhibitors Sofosbuvir Coronavirus

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Planetary health risks in urban agriculture

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Global Health Journal 2024年第1期8卷 4-10页

作者： Nilanjana Ganguli anna maria Subic Janani Maheswaran Byomkesh Talukder Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research&Faculty of Environmental&Urban Change York UniversityTorontoOntario M3J1P3Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of TorontoTorontoOntario 5T3M7Canada Faculty of Health York UniversityTorontoOntario M3J1P3Canada Department of Global Health Florida International UniversityMiamiFlorida 33199USA

Urban agriculture is gaining recognition for its potential contributions to environmental resilience and climate change adaptation,providing advantages such as urban greening,reduced heat island effects,and decreased air ***,it indirectly supports communities during weather events and natural disasters,ensuring food security and fostering community ***,concerns about planetary health risks persist in highly urbanized and climate-affected *** electronic databases such as Web of Science and PubMed and adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,we identified 55 relevant papers to comprehend the planetary health risks associated with urban agriculture,The literature review identified five distinct health risks related to urban agriculture:(1)trace metal risks in urban farms;(2)health risks associated with wastewater irrigation;(3)zoonotic risks;(4)other health risks;and(5)social and economic *** study highlights that urban agriculture,while emphasizing environmental benefits,particularly raises concerns about trace metal bioaccumulation in soil and vegetables,posing health risks for *** well studied risks included wastewater irrigation and backyard livestock *** main limitations in the available literature were in studying infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance associated with urban agriculture.

关键词： Urban agriculture Urbanization Systems-thinking Planetary health impacts Comprehensive risk analysis Planetary Health Risks Analysis of Urban Agriculture Framework(PHRAUAF) Heuristic

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Cyclicity of the Lower Buntsandstein in the eastern part of the Central European Basin:implications for Early Triassic palaeogeography and for geochronological calibration

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 252-292页

作者： anna Becker Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute 4 Rakowiecka str.00-975 WarsawPoland

Lower Buntsandstein small—scale cycles recognized in the Central European Basin(CEB) are readily used for astrochronological calibration of the Early Triassic time scales,although they are not well studied *** borehole sections from the eastern part of the CEB,forming a south-north transect perpendicular to the basin axis,were studied in terms to better understand the depositional history of the Lower Buntsandstein developed as the Baltic Formation in the studied Polish part of the *** sedimentary facies were recognized,based on lithological and sedimentological investigations of 655.7 m of drill cores from the Otyń IG 1,Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 and Kamień Pomorski IG 1 *** facies can be grouped according to a lithological criterion into facies of predominantly siliciclastic lithology(including 9facies types) and facies of predominantly carbonate lithology(including 2 facies types).Facies analysis allowed to distinguish 8 facies associations of:1) alluvial fan,2) playa,3) sandy-muddy coastal plain,4)embayment and distal delta,5) lagoon,6) sand bars or shoals,7) ooidal shoals or bars,and 8) ***-upward(DC) and shallowing-upward(SC) sedimentary cycles were recognized in parts of the Baltic Formation,with DCs dominating in the southernmost located Otyń IG 1,and SCs dominating in Gorz ow Wielkopolski IG 1,located in the axial part of the *** cycles are very *** statistical significance of the sedimentary cycles is relatively low according to Markov-chain analysis conducted with the phpSedistat software of Stanova et al.(2009).Analysis of small—scale cycles performed on well logs of investigated boreholes and additional boreholes in the vicinity of Otyń IG 1,implementing the earlier study of Becker(2005),showed that the correlation of well-log cycles(GR cycles) and sedimentary cycles is not *** cycles can be roughly correlated with lithological carbonate—siliciclastic cycles(c-s cycles),refle

关键词： Triassic Lower Buntsandstein Cyclicity Central European Basin

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Each coin has 2 sides: a positive role of alien Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Grey, 1843) snails in reducing the infection of native lymnaeids with trematodes

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 262-269页

作者： anna Cichy anna Stanicka Elzbieta Zbikowska Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunLwowska 187-100 TorunPoland

The change in the distribution of organisms in freshwater ecosystems due to natural or manmade processes raises the question of the impact of alien species on local *** most studies indicate a negative effect,the positive one is more difficult to discern,espe-cially in multispecies systems,including hosts and *** purpose of the study was to check whether the presence of an alien host,Potamopyrgus antipodarum,reduces the intensity of Echinoparyphium aconiatum metacercariae in a native host,Radix *** additionally tested the impact of water temperature and the biomass of the alien host on the dilution *** experimentally studied(1)the lifespan of echinostome cercariae in different temperatures,(2)the infectivity of cercariae toward the alien host and native host,and(3)the impact of different biomass of the alien host on the intensity of metacercariae in the native *** found that cercarial survival and infectivity were tem-perature ***,cercarial survival decreased with increasing temperature,contrary to cercarial *** cercariae entered the renal cavity of both the native host and alien host,and successfully transformed into *** number of metacercariae in the native host decreased with the increasing biomass of the alien *** results indicate that lymnaeids may benefit from the co-occur-rence with P antipodarum,as the presence of additional hosts of different origins may reduce the prevalence of parasites in native ***,the scale of the dilution effect depends not only on the increased spectrum of susceptible hosts but also on the other variables of the environment,including water temperature and host density.

关键词： biological invasion density dilution effect echinostomes Radix spp. temperature.

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Antiviral therapy for hepatitis C: Has anything changed for pregnant/lactating women?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第12期8卷 557-565页

作者： anna maria spera Tarek Kamal Eldin Grazia Tosone Raffaele Orlando Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery Section of Infectious Diseases University of Naples Federico II

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) affects about 3% of the world'spopulation, with the highest prevalence in individuals under 40. The prevalence in pregnant women varies with geographical distribution(highest in developing countries). Prevalence also increases in sub-populations of women at high risk for blood-transmitted infections. HCV infection in pregnancy represents a non-negligible problem. However, most of the past antiviral regimens cannot be routinely offered to pregnant or breastfeeding women because of their side effects. We briefly reviewed the issue of treatment of HCV infection in pregnant/breastfeeding women focusing on the effects of the new direct-acting antivirals on fertility, pregnancy and lactation in animal studies and on the potential risk for humans based on the pharmacokinetic properties of each drug. Currently, all new therapy regimens are contraindicated in this setting because of lack of sufficient safety information and adequate measures of contraception are still routinely recommended for female patients of childbearing potential.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus infection Breastfeeding woman Antiviral therapy Pregnancy category Directacting an

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WNT/β-catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma:The aberrant activation,pathogenic roles,and therapeutic opportunities

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 727-746页

作者： anna Gajos-Michniewicz Malgorzata Czyz Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer Medical University of LodzLodz 92-215Poland

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a liver cancer,highly heterogeneous both at the histopathological and molecular *** arises from hepatocytes as the result of the accumulation of numerous genomic alterations in various signaling pathways,including canonical WNT/β-catenin,AKT/mTOR,MAPK pathways as well as signaling associated with telomere maintenance,p53/cell cycle regulation,epigenetic modifiers,and oxidative *** role of WNT/β-catenin signaling in liver homeostasis and regeneration is well established,whereas in development and progression of HCC is extensively ***,we review recent advances in our understanding of how WNT/β-catenin signaling facilitates the HCC development,acquisition of stemness features,metastasis,and resistance to *** outline genetic and epigenetic alterations that lead to activated WNT/β-catenin signaling in *** discuss the pivotal roles of CTNNB1 mutations,aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs and complexity of crosstalk between WNT/β-catenin signaling and other signaling pathways as challenging or advantageous aspects of therapy development and molecular stratification of HCC patients for treatment.

关键词： Cancer stem cells CTNNB1 mutations Liver cancer Non-coding RNA Tumor heterogeneity

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