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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第5期12卷 645-647页

作者： Una Avdic Deepti Chugh Harer Osman Katie chapman Johanna Jackson Christine T Ekdahl Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group Division of Clinical Neurophysiology Lund University Lund Sweden Lund Epilepsy Center Lund University Lund Sweden Current address: Division of Neurology Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Lund Sweden Current address: Lilly UK Windlesham Surrey UK

In the present study, we demonstrate that adult mice lacking interleukin- 1 receptor 1 （IL- 1R1） exhibit increased express- ion of both the excitatory scaffolding protein postsynaptic density-95 （PSD-95） and inhibitory scaffolding proteinge- phyrin, respectively, in the hippocampus. The morphology of hippocampal microglia is also altered towards a more activated phenotype. These results indicate an important role for IL-1 signaling in maintaining physiological conditions in both neurons and microglia.

关键词： increases excitatory inhibitory scaffolding

Proximal gastric motility in critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第2期13卷 270-275页

作者： Nam Q Nguyen Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Marianne chapman Richard H Holloway Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and General Medicine Royal Adelaide Hospital South Australia Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital South Australia Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Royal Adelaide Hospital South Australia

AIM： To investigate the proximal gastric motor response to duodenal nutrients in critically ill patients with longstanding type 2 diabetes ***： Proximal gastric motility was assessed （using a barostat） in 10 critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （59±3 years） during two 60-min duodenal infusions of Ensure （1 and 2 kcal/min）, in random order, separated by 2h fasting. Data were compared with 15 non-diabetic critically ill patients （48 ± 5 years） and 10 healthy volunteers （28 ±3 years）. RESULTS： Baseline proximal gastric volumes were similar between the three groups. In diabetic patients, proximal gastric relaxation during I kcal/min nutrient infusion was similar to non-diabetic patients and healthy controls. In contrast, relaxation during 2 kcal/ min infusion was initially reduced in diabetic patients （P 〈 0.05） but increased to a level similar to healthy humans, unlike non-diabetic patients where relaxation was impaired throughout the infusion. Duodenal nutrient stimulation reduced the fundic wave frequency in a dose-dependent fashion in both the critically ill diabetic patients and healthy subjects, but not in critically ill patients without diabetes. Fundic wave frequency in diabetic patients and healthy subjects was greater than in non-diabetic ***： In patients with diabetes mellitus, proximal gastric motility is less disturbed than nondiabetic patients during critical illness, suggesting that these patients may not be at greater risk of delayed gastric emptying.

关键词： Proximal gastric function Diabetes mellitus type 2 Critical illness Enteral nutrition

The significance of midsummer movements of Autographa gamma： Implications for a mechanistic understanding of orientation behavior in a migrant moth

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 360-370页

作者： Jason W. chapman Ka S. LIM Don R. REYNOLDS Department ofAgroEcology Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Chatham Kent ME4 4TB UK

The silver Y moth Autographa gamma undertakes windbome spring and fall migrations between winter breeding re- gions around the Mediterranean and summer breeding regions in northern Europe. Flight behaviors facilitating these migrations include：（i） selection of seasonally-favorable tailwinds; （ii） flying at the altitude of the fastest winds; （iii） adopting flight headings that partially counteract crosswind drift; and （iv） seasonal reversal of preferred directions between spring and fall. In the UK, ra- dar measurements indicate that migratory activity is pronounced during the spring and fall, but is usually very low during mid- summer （July）. However, an atypically intense period of high-altitude flight was recorded during July 2006, and in this study we compare the flight behavior of A. gamma during these midsummer movements with the more typical spring and fall migrations. During July 2006, activity was most intense at significantly lower altitudes than occurred in spring or fall, and was not associated with the height of the fastest winds; consequently displacement speeds were significantly slower. The most striking difference was an absence of tailwind selectivity in July with windborne movements occurring on almost every night of the month and on tailwinds from all directions. Finally, orientation behavior was quantitatively different during July, with significantly greater dis- persion of flight headings and displacements than observed in spring and fall. We discuss mechanisms which could have caused these differences, and conclude that a lack of appropriate photopcriod cues during development of the summer generation resulted in randomly-oriented ＇dispersive＇ movements that were strikingly different from typical seasonal migrations .

关键词： Long-range migration Dispersal High-altitude flight Photoperiod Entomological radar Noctuid moths

The impact of kleptoparasitic invasions on the evolution of gall-size in social and solitary Australian Acacia thrips

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Insect Science 2006年第5期13卷 391-400页

作者： THOMAS WILLIAM chapman KAREN LEAH FRANCIS-GEYER MICHAEL PHILIP SCHWARZ School of Biological Sciences Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia

Many species of gall-inducing Acacia thrips are attacked by kleptoparasitic thrips who enter the gall, destroy the occupants, and then use the gall for producing their own offspring. The hypothesis tested here is that pressure exerted by ldeptoparasites （genus Koptothrips） not only provoked the evolution of soldiers in the gall-inducing clade, but have also influenced the evolution of gall size and morphology. Various size dimensions of invaded galls were compared to those of uninvaded galls using data from six gall-inducing species and their kleptoparasites. For the non-social gall-inducing species （K. ellobus and K. nicholsoni） invaded galls showed no significant size differences from galls that had not been invaded. For the four social gall-inducingspecies （K. habrus, K. intermedius, K. waterhousei and K. morrisi） invaded galls were significantly narrower and/or shorter than uninvaded galls. Galls of social species that had not been invaded and contained adult soldiers were significantly larger than galls where soldiers were still at a larval stage, suggesting that gall size is related to gall age in these species. An hypothesis is proposed that links the timing of invasion by kleptoparasites to size of the host gall： induction of a smaller gall by host founders will reduce the period of vulnerability to invasion （before soldiers become adults） for social thrips by allowing foundresses in these smaller galls to begin laying soldierdestined eggs relatively sooner.

关键词： evolution of gall-size Kladothrips Koptothrips principal components analysis soldiers social behavior

基于知识工程的设计自动化工程步骤的非规范化和规范化建模(英文)

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2015年第9期16卷 706-723页

作者： Vibhor TREHAN Craig chapman Pathmeswaran RAJU Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) Lab Birmingham City University

目的:目前基于知识工程的设计过程自动化领域有一个缺陷,即缺乏一个语法、语义、公理完善的过程模型表示技术以便在不同平台之间共享,从而实现互操作。研究期望通过两个关键步骤来实现设计过程自动化。方法:1.对非规范化建模方法进行分... 详细信息

目的:目前基于知识工程的设计过程自动化领域有一个缺陷,即缺乏一个语法、语义、公理完善的过程模型表示技术以便在不同平台之间共享,从而实现互操作。研究期望通过两个关键步骤来实现设计过程自动化。方法:1.对非规范化建模方法进行分析对比(表1);2.分析过程建模技术应该满足的功能,细化成不同的要点对不规范的建模方法进行分析对比,同时分析可以表示不同设计分解特征的规范建模技术。结论:1.明确了设计过程自动化的两个关键步骤:(1)非规范化地获取设计过程中的关键点,(2)将非规范化模型映射为规范化表示;2.分析得出表示不同设计分解特征的规范化表示方法和技术(表2);3.根据分析结果,可以选择最优的非规范化和规范化建模方法,从而支持设计过程自动化。

关键词：基于知识的工程设计自动化过程模型规范化表示过程自动化

As clear as mud： Turbidity induces behavioral changes in the African cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 146-157页

作者： Gray, Suzanne M. McDonnell, Laura H. Cinquemani, Fabio G. chapman, Lauren J. Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave Montreal QC Canada H3A 1B1 Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA

Aquatic biodiversity is being lost at an unprecedented rate. One factor driving this loss is increased turbidity, an en- vironmental stressor that can impose behavioral, morphological, and/or physiological costs on fishes. Here we describe the be- havioral response of a widespread African cichlid, Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae, to turbidity. We used a split-brood rearing design to test if F1 offspring reared in turbid water, originating from river （turbid） and swamp （clear） populations, behave differently than full-sibs reared in clear water. We examined two facets of behavior：（1） behaviors of fish in full sib groups, in- eluding activity level and social dynamics collected during the rearing period; and （2） male aggressive behavior directed at poten- tial male competitors after fish had reached maturity; this was done in an experimental set-up independent of the rearing aquaria. Regardless of population of origin, fish reared in turbid water were marginally less active and performed fewer social behaviors than those reared in clear water. On the other hand, when tested against a competitor in turbid water, males performed more ag- gressive behaviors, regardless of population of origin or rearing environment, Our results suggest a plastic behavioral response to turbidity that may allow P. multicolor to persist over a range of turbidity levels in nature by decreasing activity and general social behaviors and intensifying reproductive behaviors to ensure reproductive success [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 146-157, 2012].

关键词： Cichlidae Behavioral plasticity Environmental stressor Male-male competition

Addition of senna improves quality of colonoscopy preparation with magnesium citrate

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第14期15卷 1759-1763页

作者： Stergios Vradelis Evangelos Kalaitzakis Yalda Sharifi Otto Buchel Satish Keshav Roger W chapman Barbara Braden Department of Gastroenterology John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital 41345 Gothenburg Sweden

AIM: To prospectively investigate the effectiveness and patient’s tolerance of two low-cost bowel cleansing preparation protocols based on magnesium citrate only or the combination of magnesium citrate and senna. METHODS: A total of 342 patients who were referred for colonoscopy underwent a colon cleansing protocol with magnesium citrate alone (n = 160) or magnesium citrate and senna granules (n = 182). The colonoscopist rated the overall efficacy of colon cleansing using an established score on a 4-point scale. Patients were questioned before undergoing colonoscopy for side effects and symptoms during bowel preparation. RESULTS: The percentage of procedures rescheduled because ofinsufficient colon cleansing was 7% in the magnesium citrate group and 4% in the magnesium citrate/senna group (P = 0.44). Adequate visualization of the colonic mucosa was rated superior under the citramag/senna regimen (P = 0.004). Both regimens were well tolerated, and did not significantly differ in the occurrence of nausea, bloating or ***, abdominal cramps were observed more often under the senna protocol (29.2%) compared to the magnesium citrate only protocol (9.9%, P < 0.0003). CONCLUSION: The addition of senna to the bowel preparation protocol with magnesium citrate significantly improves the cleansing outcome.

关键词： Colonoscopy Bowel preparation Senna Magnesium citrate Polyp

Evolving role of magnetic resonance techniques in primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第6期25卷 644-658页

作者： Emmanuel A Selvaraj Emma L Culver Helen Bungay Adam Bailey Roger W chapman Michael Pavlides Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford John Radcliffe Hospital Translational Gastroenterology Unit Nuffield Department of Medicine University of OxfordJohn Radcliffe Hospital Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Oxford Department of Radiology John Radcliffe Hospital

Development of non-invasive methods to risk-stratify patients and predict clinical endpoints have been identified as one of the key research priorities in primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC). In addition to serum and histological biomarkers, there has been much recent interest in developing imaging biomarkers that can predict disease course and clinical outcomes in *** resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRI/MRCP) continue to play a central role in the diagnosis and follow-up of PSC patients. Magnetic resonance(MR) techniques have undergone significant advancement over the last three decades both in MR data acquisition and interpretation. The progression from a qualitative to quantitative approach in MR acquisition techniques and data interpretation, offers the opportunity for the development of objective and reproducible imaging biomarkers that can potentially be incorporated as an additional endpoint in clinical trials. This review article will discuss how the role of MR techniques have evolved over the last three decades from emerging as an alternative diagnostic tool to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, to being instrumental in the ongoing search for imaging biomarker of disease stage, progression and prognosis in PSC.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic

From Prototype to Inference:A Pipeline to Apply Deep Learning in Sorghum Panicle Detection

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第1期5卷 94-109页

作者： Chrisbin James Yanyang Gu Andries Potgieter Etienne David Simon Madec Wei Guo Frédéric Baret Anders Eriksson Scott chapman School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Arvalis Institut du VégétalParisFrance Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of TokyoTokyoJapan Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ParisFrance

Head(panicle)density is a major component in understanding crop yield,especially in crops that produce variable numbers of tillers such as sorghum and *** of panicle density both in plant breeding and in the agronomy scouting of commercial crops typically relies on manual counts observation,which is an inefficient and tedious *** of the easy availability of red–green–blue images,machine learning approaches have been applied to replacing manual ***,much of this research focuses on detection per se in limited testing conditions and does not provide a general protocol to utilize deep-learning-based *** this paper,we provide a comprehensive pipeline from data collection to model deployment in deep-learning-assisted panicle yield estimation for *** pipeline provides a basis from data collection and model training,to model validation and model deployment in commercial *** model training is the foundation of the ***,in natural environments,the deployment dataset is frequently different from the training data(domain shift)causing the model to fail,so a robust model is essential to build a reliable *** we demonstrate our pipeline in a sorghum field,the pipeline can be generalized to other grain *** pipeline provides a high-resolution head density map that can be utilized for diagnosis of agronomic variability within a field,in a pipeline built without commercial software.

关键词： crops breeding utilize

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岩石中波传播速度频散与衰减

石油学报 2012年第2期33卷 332-342页

作者：王海洋孙赞东 Mark chapman 中国石油大学地质地球物理综合研究中心北京102249 英国爱丁堡大学地球科学学院

速度频散与衰减是地震岩石物理领域一个前沿性问题,它不仅是开展频率域储层及流体预测的关键理论基础,同时也是解决不同地球物理测量方法(地面地震、VSP、测井、超声波岩心观测等)之间数据匹配困难的重要手段。笔者在阐述速度频散和衰... 详细信息

速度频散与衰减是地震岩石物理领域一个前沿性问题,它不仅是开展频率域储层及流体预测的关键理论基础,同时也是解决不同地球物理测量方法(地面地震、VSP、测井、超声波岩心观测等)之间数据匹配困难的重要手段。笔者在阐述速度频散和衰减现象基本特征的基础上,详细回顾了Biot模型、喷射流模型、BISQ模型、双孔模型、裂缝-孔隙微结构模型和斑块饱和模型等6种主要速度频散与衰减理论模型的研究进程、原理和限制性,利用示意图直观地描述了这些模型的机制,并给出了它们各自的高低频极限、特征频率和适用条件。同时系统回顾并分析了国内外半个多世纪来速度频散与衰减实验测量技术的发展进程和应用现状,并在实验测量数据的基础上给出了自己对地球物理测量手段、岩石物理模型与频率相关性方面的思考和认识,即有必要将单频带的岩石物理模型拓展到全频带,并基于此将不同频带地球物理手段的测量数据联系起来,实现在同一尺度下的综合应用。

关键词：速度频散衰减频散模型频散测量高低频极限