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Unifying concepts in methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox sludge granulation

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 17-30页

作者： Simon Mills anna christine Trego Marco Prevedello Jo De Vrieze Vincent O’Flaherty Piet N.L.Lens gavin collins Microbial communities Laboratory School of Biological and Chemical SciencesNational University of Ireland GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Microbial Ecology Laboratory School of Biological and chemical Sciences University of GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland center for Microbial Ecology and Technology(cMET) Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653B-9000GentBelgium University of galway University RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

The retention of dense and well-functioning microbial biomass is crucial for effective pollutant removal in several biological wastewater treatment *** solids retention is often achieved through aggregation of microbial communities into dense,spherical aggregates known as granules,which were initially discovered in the *** granules have since been widely applied in upflow anaerobic digesters for waste-to-energy ***,granular biomass has been applied in aerobic wastewater treatment and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)*** mechanisms underpinning the formation of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granules are the subject of ongoing *** each granule type has been extensively studied in isolation,there has been a lack of comparative studies among these granulation *** is likely that there are some unifying concepts that are shared by all three sludge *** these unifying concepts could allow a unified theory of granulation to be ***,we review the granulation mechanisms of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granular sludge,highlighting several common concepts,such as the role of extracellular polymeric substances,cations,and operational parameters like upflow velocity and shear *** have then identified some unique features of each granule type,such as different internal structures,microbial compositions,and quorum sensing ***,we propose that future research should prioritize aspects of microbial ecology,such as community assembly or interspecies interactions in individual granules during their formation and growth.

关键词： granule granulation Anaerobic digestion Anammox Aerobic granule

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Light sheet microscope scanning of biointegrated microlasers for localized refractive index sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第8期12卷 1673-1680页

作者： ROSS c.cOWIE MARcEL ScHUBERT SUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK Humboldt centre for Nano and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

Whispering gallery mode(WgM)microlasers are highly sensitive to localized refractive index changes allowing to link their emission spectrum to various chemical,mechanical,or physical *** recently found applications in biological studies within single cells,in three-dimensional samples such as multicellular spheroids,or in ***,detailed studies of biological samples also need to account for the structural heterogeneity of tissues and live animals,therefore requiring a combination of high-resolution microscopy and laser ***,we design and construct a light sheet fluorescence microscope with a coupled spectrometer for use in microlaser studies for combined high-resolution,high-speed imaging and WgM spectral *** light sheet illumination profile and the decoupled geometry of excitation and emission hereby directly affect the lasing and sensing properties,mainly through geometric constraints and by light coupling *** demonstrate the basic working principle of microlaser spectroscopy under light sheet excitation and measure the absolute refractive index within agarose and in zebrafish tail muscle *** further analyze the light coupling conditions that lead to the occurrence of two separate oscillation *** so-called cross modes can be scanned around the entire microlaser surface,which allows to estimate a surface-averaged refractive index profile of the microlaser environment.

关键词： refractive index excitation

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A toast to a zebrafish germ cell induction cocktail

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1314-1315页

作者： Mary c.Mullins Department of cell and Developmental Biology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia 19104USA

The zebrafish field is ringing in the new year with a publication from Yonghua Sun's laboratory(Wang et al.,2023)of a cocktail of germline factors that can induce all cells of the zebrafish embryo into primordial germ cells(Pgcs)at phenomenal *** major advance is not only of great interest to germ cell biologists,but it has important applications to the entire zebrafish field,as shown in Wang et al.(2023).

关键词： fish zebra field

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Assessing the biennial conference on science and technology(BIcOST IX)2023 technical output on renewable energy,energy storage,and green hydrogen in line with UN SDg commitments

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clean Energy 2024年第2期8卷 85-88页

作者： S.K.B.D.Silva K.g.D.Piyumali Rasitha Thilini Suranjana Perera K.D.K.g.Kaluarachchi Thilini Munagamage R.M.R.Ahammed c.S.P.Piyankarage Seyed Shahmy Veranja Karunaratne National Science and Technology commission of Sri Lanka ColomboSri Lanka Sri Lanka Technological campus(SLTc) PadukkaSri Lanka University of Peradeniya PeradeniyaSri Lanka

The development,production and utilization of renewable energy,energy storage and green hydrogen and the associated technologies in Sri Lanka have great potential to contribute to the United Nations’Sustainable Development goals(SDgs).The island aims to achieve 70%electricity generation from renewable energy sources by 2030(within the target of 40%utilization of renewable energy sources for the entire energy generation of the country by 2030).The power sector has to invest US$11 billion from 2023 to 2030 to contribute to reaching this *** commentary aims to provide a critical perspective on the recommendations of the report from the National Science and Technology commission’s 9th biennial conference in 2023 on science and technology,the sub-thematic technical report on clean energy,energy storage and green hydrogen in line with the SDgs in the Sri Lankan *** technical report provides insightful recommendations for Sri Lanka’s energy sector under three main sections:renewable energy,energy storage and green ***,it explores the potential of various renewable energy sources,energy storage systems and green hydrogen as sustainable solutions to address the country’s energy challenges while emphasizing the spillover effects of them,which could contribute to the enterprise’s job creation and uplift the economy.

关键词： renewable energy energy storage green hydrogen sustainable development goals Sri Lanka social economic environmental sustainable affordable

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costs of Schizophrenia at Psychiatric Hospital of Bingerville (Ivory coast)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Madjara Anoumatacky anna-corinne Bissouma Drissa Kone Laboratory of Biology and Health Department of Biosciences Félix Houphouet-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire National Mental Health Program Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire centre Marguerite Té-Bonlé National Institute of Public Health Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of Medical Sciences Félix Houphouet-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Schizophrenia is classified as a priority mental disorder by the World Health Organization (WHO) and accounts for around 35% of diagnoses at the Bingerville Psychiatric Hospital (HPB). The aims of the study were to identify the cost drivers for hospitalization and to calculate the costs of managing schizophrenia in hospital, with a view to planning household expenditure on care. This pilot cross-sectional study involved 31 patients with schizophrenia who had been hospitalized in the various third-category wards at the HPB between 1st January 2019 and 31st May 2020. Sampling was accidental. The methods used to estimate costs were based on the actual costs of drugs, hospitalization and additional examinations which prices were known, and on patients’ estimations for certain expenses such as food and transport. Results: The sex ratio was 3.42, the mean age was 29.52 years. The mean length of stay was 46.19 days, and the most frequent clinical forms were paranoid schizophrenia (41.9%) and schizoaffective disorder (29%). The combination of haloperidol and chlorpromazine was the most common medications for initial treatment (67.8%) and maintenance treatment (41.9%). The average cost of hospitalization at HPB for schizophrenia was XOF 164,412 (€249.90). The average direct medical cost was XOF 105,412 (€160.226) and the average direct non-medical cost was XOF 59,000 (€89.68). The average daily cost of antipsychotic treatment was XOF 795/day (€1.2084). The high cost of drugs as a proportion of hospitalization costs suggested the need of a reflection on the simplification of prescribing practices, assistance in psychiatric emergencies and the development of other alternatives to psychiatric hospitalization in côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Schizophrenia cost Hospitalization HPB côte d’Ivoire

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A Systematic Review of cannabidiol Effects in coronary Syndromes: challenges to clinical Translation

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 246-263页

作者： Mario E. zuñiga-Ayala Alejandra Meaney-Martínez Alejandro Alcocer-chauvet Vidal gonzalez-coronado Nestor Rubio-Infante gerardo garcia-Rivas Department of cardiology Instituto de Seguridad Social and Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) Hospital Regional Primero de Octubre Mexico City Mexico Department of Interventional cardiology Instituto de Seguridad Social y Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) Hospital Regional Primero de Octubre Mexico City Mexico Instituto Tecnó logico de Monerrey Escuela de Medicina and Ciencias de la Salud C&#225tedra de Cardiolog&#237a and Medicina Vascular Monterrey Mexico

Background: Myocardial ischemia in addition to other several cardiac syndromes represent a pathological proinflammatory state alongside a complex cellular microenvironment that can be modified by using cannabinoids. cannabidiol (cBD), a non-psychoactive compound of cannabis has been recently proposed as an immudomodulatory and cardioprotective drug. Objectives: In this systematic review we sought to clarify and summarize the clinical and preclinical evidence of potential benefit of the use of cBD in coronary syndromes. Methods: We conducted a systematic search and review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (cAMARADES) guidelines, in the electronic database from PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus up to April 2022 using predefined search terms. Pre-specified exclusion and inclusion criteria were considered, finally 11 articles were chosen to be included for this peer review. Results: currently there are no good-quality clinical trials with the use of cBD in acute or chronic coronary syndromes. A total of 11 preclinical studies where prescreened and 5 demonstrated reproducible positive cardiovascular outcomes on in-vivo models treated with cBD. Mechanisms of cBD cardioprotection observed: 1) reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation, 2) activation of adenosine receptors and 3) increased expression of angiotensin type 2-receptor. Experimental models included ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and metabolic syndrome-like conditions. conclusion: No clinical recommendation can be issued with the current evidence, on the use of cBD in acute and chronic coronary syndromes. Based on preclinical evidence, we considered there is enough evidence to propose the development of well-designed clinical trials that include cBD in the management of coronary syndromes.

关键词： cannabis cannabidiol Acute coronary Syndromes Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Ischemia and Oxidative Stress

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深圳市24家医院极/超早产儿产房过渡期管理的横断面调查

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中国当代儿科杂志 2024年第3期26卷 250-257页

作者：无吴本清杨传忠深圳新生儿数据协作网深圳市光明区人民医院深圳市妇幼保健院

目的了解深圳市极/超早产儿产房过渡期管理实施现状。方法2022年11月对深圳新生儿数据协作网的24家三级医院的极/超早产儿产房过渡期管理实施情况进行横断面调查,调查内容包括产前准备、产房复苏实施和新生儿重症监护室复苏后管理。根... 详细信息

目的了解深圳市极/超早产儿产房过渡期管理实施现状。方法2022年11月对深圳新生儿数据协作网的24家三级医院的极/超早产儿产房过渡期管理实施情况进行横断面调查,调查内容包括产前准备、产房复苏实施和新生儿重症监护室复苏后管理。根据胎龄将所纳入早产儿分为4组:<26周、26~28^(+6)周、29~30^(+6)周和31~31^(+6)周组,对结果进行描述性分析。结果共纳入140例极/超早产儿,其中<26周组10例,26~28^(+6)周组45例,29~30^(+6)周组49例,31~31^(+6)周组36例。140例极/超早产儿中,99例(70.7%)接受了产前咨询,提供产前咨询的人员以产科医生为主,占比为79.8%;产时参与复苏的人员主要为助产士(96.4%)和新生儿科住院医师(62.1%);52例(37.1%)实施了延迟脐带结扎,平均延迟时间为(45±17)s;137例(97.9%)生后采用了预热辐射台保暖;110例(78.6%)需要正压通气,其中67例(60.9%)采用T组合复苏器,42例(38.2%)应用了空氧混合仪;119例(85.0%)复苏中进行了血氧饱和度监测;完成过渡期各项措施至关闭温箱门时间的中位数为87min。结论在深圳新生儿数据协作网医院中,极/超早产儿的产房过渡期管理实施与我国相应专家共识的要求存在不同程度的差异,需要通过多中心协作的持续质量改进缩小差距,从而改善极/超早产儿产房过渡期管理的质量和结局。

关键词：过渡期管理横断面调查深圳极早产儿超早产儿

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Interindividual Age-Independent Differences in Human cX43 Impact Ventricular Arrhythmic Risk

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Research 2024年第3期6卷 417-432页

作者： Laura garcía-Mendívil María Pérez-zabalza Antoni Oliver-gelabert JoséMaría Vallejo-gil Javier Fañanás-Mastral Manuel Vázquez-Sancho Javier AndréBellido-Morales Alexánder Sebastián Vaca-Núñez carlos Ballester-cuenca Emiliano Diez Laura Ordovás Esther Pueyo Biomedical Signal Interpretation and computational Simulation group(BSIcoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering ResearchUniversity of ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain BSIcoS Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón(IISA)Zaragoza 50018Spain centro Universitario de la Defensa(cUD) Zaragoza 50090Spain. Department of cardiovascular Surgery University Hospital Miguel ServetZaragoza 50009Spain. Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of cuyo(IMBEcU) CONICETMendoza 5500Argentina. Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo(ARAID) Zaragoza 50018Spain. Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine(CIBER-BBN)Zaragoza 50018Spain.

connexin 43 (cX43) is one of the major components of gap junctions, the structures responsible for the intercellular communication and transmission of the electrical impulse in the left ventricle. There is limited information on the histological changes of cX43 with age and their effect on electrophysiology, especially in humans. Here, we analyzed left ventricular biopsies from living donors starting at midlife to characterize age-related cX43 remodeling. We assessed its quantity, degree of lateralization, and spatial heterogeneity together with fibrotic deposition. We observed no significant age-related remodeling of cX43. Only spatial heterogeneity increased slightly with age, and this increase was better explained by biological age than by chronological age. Importantly, we found that cX43 features varied considerably among individuals in our population with no relevant relationship to age or fibrosis content, in contrast to animal species. We used our experimental results to feed computational models of human ventricular electrophysiology and to assess the effects of interindividual differences in specific features of cX43 and fibrosis on conduction velocity, action potential duration, and arrhythmogenicity. We found that larger amounts of fibrosis were associated with the highest arrhythmic risk, with this risk being increased when fibrosis deposition was combined with a reduction in cX43 amount and/or with an increase in cX43 spatial heterogeneity. These mechanisms underlying high arrhythmic risk in some individuals were not associated with age in our study population. In conclusion, our data rule out cX43 remodeling as an age-related arrhythmic substrate in the population beyond midlife, but highlight its potential as a proarrhythmic factor at the individual level, especially when combined with increased fibrosis.

关键词： cX43 rhythm Independent

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STUDY ON gRANULATION MEcHANISMS OF γ+(Fe,Mn)3c EUTEcTIcS IN AUSTENITE STEEL cOMPOSITES

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2003年第6期16卷 449-456页

作者： g.F.Liang z.M.Xu Q.c.Jiang J.g.Li SchoolofMaterialsScienceandTechnology ShanghaiJiaotongUniversityShanghai200030China SchoolofMaterialsScience JilinUniversityChangchun130025China

Results presented in this paper contribute to investigation of the granulation mechanisms of γ+(Fe,Mn)3c eutectics in the austenite matrix composites (abbreviated EAMc). The specimens corresponding to the nominal composition of eutectic with controlled RE(ce)-Mg agent modifier additions have been unidirectional solidified with a constant growth rate of 2.18μm/s at a fixed temperature gradient of 800K/cm using vertical Bridgeman method. With the RE-Mg agent modifier, the transition of solid/liquid (S/L) interface from columnar to dendrite (cDT), refinement and developed branching of γ and (Fe,Mn)3c phases in the eutectics, and the transition of growth style from faceted-nonfaceted (F/NF) to nonfaceted-nonfaceted (NF/NF) for γ and (Fe,Mn)3c phases in the eutectic have been observed and investigated theoretically. Those can explain the granulation of γ+(Fe,Mn)3c eutectics in the as cast because the roundness increases with the developed lateral branching of primary austenite dendrites, refinement of eutectics, and NF/NF growth of γ and (Fe,Mn)3c phases in the eutectic.

关键词： composite RE-Mg agent granulation unidirectional solidifica-tion

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First-principles calculation on the electronic structures, phonon dynamics, and electrical conductivities of Pb_(10)(PO_(4))_(6O) and Pb_(9)cu(PO_(4))_(6O) compounds

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第6期173卷 218-224页

作者： L.Y.Hao E.g.Fu State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Department of Technical PhysicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Superconducting materials with high critical temperature have the potential to revolutionize many fields,including military,electronic communications,and power ***,scientists around the world have been tirelessly working with the ultimate goal of achieving high-temperature *** 2023,a preprint by Lee et *** South Korea claimed the discovery of ultra-high-temperature superconductivity with a critical temperature of up to 423 K in cu-doped lead-apatite(LK-99)(arXiv:2307.12008,arXiv:2307.12037),which caused a worldwide sensation and ***,the electronic structures,phonon dynamics,and electrical conductivities of LK-99 and its parent compound lead-apatite have been calculated using first-principles *** results show that the lead-apatite compound and the LK-99 compound are insulator and half-metal *** flat band characteristic is consistent with previous *** electrical conductivity of the LK-99 compound shows two extreme points,and the electrical conductivity along the c-axis increases significantly after 400 *** phonon dispersion spectra of the compounds were investigated,demonstrating their dynamic instability.

关键词： Superconductivity LK-99 Lead-apatite First-principles calculation

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