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A review on transition metal oxides based photocatalysts for degradation of synthetic organic pollutants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 389-417页

作者： Athira Krishnan anna Swarnalal Divine Das Midhina Krishnan Viswanathan S.Saji SMAShibli Department of Chemistry Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamAmritapuriKerala690525India Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials King Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry University of KeralaKariavattom CampusThiruvananthapuramKerala695581India

This review provides insight into the current research trend in transition metal oxides(TMOs)-based photocatalysis in removing the organic colouring matters from *** easy understanding,the research progress has been presented in four generations according to the catalyst composition and mode of application,viz:single component TMOs(the firstgeneration),doped TMOs/binary TMOs/doped binary TMOs(the second-generation),inactive/active support-immobilized TMOs(the third-generation),and ternary/quaternary compositions(the fourth-generation).The first two generations represent suspended catalysts,the third generation is supported catalysts,and the fourth generation can be suspended or *** review provides an elaborated comparison between suspended and supported catalysts,their general/specific requirements,key factors controlling degradation,and the methodologies for performance *** the plausible fundamental and advanced dye degradation mechanisms involved in each generation of catalysts were *** existing challenges in TMOs-based photocatalysis and how the researchers approach the hitch to resolve it effectively are *** research trends are also presented.

关键词： Photocatalysis Dye degradation Transition metal oxides and composites Supported catalysts Suspended catalysts

Metformin and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第7期30卷 759-769页

作者： Maja Cigrovski Berkovic Alessandro Coppola Vibor Sesa anna Mrzljak Quirino Lai Department for Sport and Exercise Medicine Faculty of Kinesiology University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Surgery Sapienza University of RomeRome 00185Italy Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Liver Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital Centre ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Medicine School of MedicineZagreb 10000Croatia General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit Department of SurgerySapienza University of RomeRome 00018Italy

BACKGROUND Most patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(pNETs)die due to tumor ***,identifying new therapies with low toxicity and good tolerability to use concomitantly with the established pNET treatment is *** this perspective,metformin is emerging as a molecule of *** studies have described metformin,a widely used agent for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),to be effective in modulating different tumor-related events,including cancer incidence,recurrence and survival by inhibiting mTOR *** systematic review evaluates the role of T2DM and metformin in the insurgence and post-treatment outcomes in patients with *** To systematically analyze and summarize evidence related to the diagnostic and prognostic value of T2DM and metformin for predicting the insurgence and posttreatment outcomes of *** A systematic review of the published literature was undertaken,focusing on the role of T2DM and metformin in insurgence and prognosis of pNET,measured through outcomes of tumor-free survival(TFS),overall survival and progression free *** A total of 13 studies(5674 patients)were included in this *** of 809 pNET cases from five retrospective studies(low study heterogeneity with I^(2)=0%)confirms the correlation between T2DM and insurgence of pNET(OR=2.13,95%CI=1.56-4.55;P<0.001).The pooled data from 1174 pNET patients showed the correlation between T2DM and post-treatment TFS in pNET patients(hazard ratio=1.84,95%CI=0.78-2.90;P<0.001).The study heterogeneity was intermediate,with I^(2)=51%.A few studies limited the possibility of performing pooled analysis in the setting of metformin;therefore,results were heterogeneous,with no statistical relevance to the use of this drug in the diagnosis and prognosis of *** T2DM represents a risk factor for the insurgence of pNET and is a significant predictor of poor post-treatment TFS

关键词： Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors Type 2 diabetes mellitus Prognosis Treatment Metformin

Hard life for sons in the nest?Sex-dependent offspring mortality in Great Tits in urban and forest areas

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 91-97页

作者： Nora Agh Henriett anna Dalvári Krisztián Szabó Ivett Pipoly András Liker HUN-REN-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group University of PannoniaH-8200VeszpremPf.1158.Hungary Behavioral Ecology Research Group Center for Natural SciencesUniversity of PannoniaH-8200Pf.1158.VeszpremHungary Molecular Ecology Research Group Department of EcologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine BudapestH-1400Pf.2.BudapestHungary Synlab Hungary Ltd. H-1211Weiss Manfr´ed Str.5-7BudapestHungary

Sex-biased mortality can occur in birds during development,for example due to sexual differences in energy requirement and/or environmental sensitivity,or the effects of sex hormones or sex differences in the expression of mutations linked to sex *** extent of sex-bias in mortality may also be related to environmental conditions that influence offspring development and *** areas often provide poorer conditions for nestling development resulting in higher offspring mortality compared to natural areas,which may accelerate sex differences in offspring mortality in *** test this hypothesis,we examined the sex ratio of dead offspring in Great Tits(Parus major),using 427 samples of unhatched eggs and dead nestlings collected in two urban and two forest sites between 2013 and *** ratio of males in the whole sample of dead offspring(56.9%)was significantly higher than expected by an 1:1 ratio,and the strongest sex biases were detected in urban areas(57.6%males)and in young nestlings(<14 days old,59.0%males).However,the sex ratios of dead offspring did not differ significantly among study sites and between offspring developmental stages.29.3%of unhatched eggs contained a visible embryo,and the proportion of embryo-containing unhatched eggs did not differ significantly between urban and forest study *** results suggest male-biased offspring mortality in Great Tits,and highlight the need of large datasets to detect subtle differences between habitats and developmental stages.

关键词： Great Tit Urbanization Nestling mortality Sex related differences

Solar hydrogen production from electrochemical ammonia splitting powered by a single perovskite solar cell

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 292-295页

作者： anna MBeiler Wenhui Li Alisa Denisiuk Emilio Palomares Antoni Llobet Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia(ICIQ).Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology(BIST) 43007 TarragonaSpain Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA) 08010 BarcelonaSpain Departament de Química Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del Vallès08193 BarcelonaSpain

For carbon-free electrochemical fuel formation,the electrochemical cell must be powered by renewable *** solar-powered H_(2) fuel from water typically requires multiple photovoltaic cells and/or junctions to drive the water splitting *** of the lower thermodynamic requirements to oxidize ammonia compared to water,solar cells with smaller open circuit voltages can provide the required potential for ammonia *** this work,a single perovskite solar cell with an open-circuit potential of 1.08 V is coupled to a 2-electrode electrochemical cell employing hybrid electroanodes functionalized with Ru-based molecular *** device is active for more than 30 min,producing N_(2) and H_(2) in a 1:2.9 ratio with 89%faradaic efficiency with no external applied *** work illustrates that hydrogen production from ammonia can be driven by conventional semiconductors.

关键词： Ammonia oxidation Redox catalysis Perovskites Solarfuels Transitionmetal complexes

Are treatment options used for adult-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus(equally)available and effective for children and adolescents?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 623-628页

作者： Nevena Krnic Vibor Sesa anna Mrzljak Maja Cigrovski Berkovic Clinics for Pediatrics University Hospital Center ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia University of Zagreb School of Medicine Zagreb 10000Croatia Department for Sport and Exercise Medicine University of Zagreb Faculty of KinesiologyZagreb 10000Croatia

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),influenced by an increase in obesity,is a rising problem *** mechanisms of this early-onset T2DM include both peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance,along with increa-sed hepatic fasting glucose production accompanied by inadequate first and second-phase insulin ***,the incretin effect is *** initial presentation of type 2 diabetes can be dramatic and symptoms may overlap with those of type 1 diabetes ***,immediate therapy should address hyperglycemia and associated metabolic derangements irrespective of ultimate diabetes type,while further therapy adjustments are prone to patients’*** agents with proven glycemic and beyond glycemia benefits,such as Glucagon-like polypeptide 1 receptor agonists and Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors,used in the adult population of T2DM patients,might become increasingly important in the treatment ***,metabolic surgery is an option for markedly obese(body mass index>35 kg/m^(2))children and adolescents suffering from T2DM who have uncontrolled glycemia and/or serious comorbidities when lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions *** this mini-review,we will discuss the potential of treatment options considering new data available from randomized control trials,including individuals with adult-onset type diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus Treatment Complications Glucose lowering agents Extra-glycemic benefit

The energetics of cellular life transitions

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Life Metabolism 2024年第3期3卷 12-20页

作者： anna S.Monzel Michael Levin Martin Picard Department of Psychiatry Division of Behavioral MedicineCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States Department of Biology Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155United States Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University MedfordMA 02155United States Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115United States Department of Neurology H.Houston Merritt CenterColumbia Translational Neuroscience InitiativeCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States New York State Psychiatric Institute New YorkNY 10032United States Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNY 10032United States

Major life transitions are always difficult because change costs *** findings have demonstrated how mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(OxPhos)defects increase the energetic cost of living and that excessive integrated stress response(ISR)signaling may prevent cellular identity transitions during *** this perspective,we discuss general bioenergetic principles of life transitions and the costly molecular processes involved in reprograming the cellular hardware/software as cells shift *** energetic cost of cellular differentiation has not been directly quantified,representing a gap in *** propose that the ISR is an energetic checkpoint evolved to(i)prevent OxPhos-deficient cells from engaging in excessively costly transitions and(ii)allow ISR-positive cells to recruit systemic energetic resources by signaling via GDF15 and the brain.

关键词： energy mitochondria signaling pathway growth differentiation factor 15 energy balance development

Advancing the National Immunization Program in an era of achieving universal vaccine coverage in China and beyond

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-5页

作者： Chen Shu Rodewald Lance E. Heng Du anna Tang Shenglan ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR) University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Risk and Actuarial Studies University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Department of the National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Immunization Program China CDC Beijing China China Country Office Bill &amp Melinda Gates Foundation Beijing China Duke Global Health Institute Duke University Durham NC USA Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan University No. Duke Avenue Kunshan Jiangsu China SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute Duke-NUS Singapore Singapore

Background Immunization is a cornerstone of public health. Despite great success, China’s National Immunization Program (NIP) faces challenges, such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vaccines and other systemic issues. The Innovation Laboratory for Vaccine Delivery Research (VaxLab), supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and established in 2021 at Duke Kunshan University, focuses on enhancing China’s NIP through research and policy advocacy. This editorial aims to summarize the key findings of the manuscripts published in the collection contributed by VaxLab team and set the future research *** findings The collection contains eleven manuscripts discussing China’s immunization landscape and strategies to improve coverage, particularly for non-NIP vaccines like human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV),Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib), and rotavirus vaccines. Key findings include: (i) The COVID-19 vaccination campaign demonstrated China’s capacity for rapid, large-scale immunization efforts, suggesting potential for broader vaccine coverage improvements; (ii) Efforts in combating cervical cancer through the HPV vaccine indicate progress but also highlight challenges like vaccine supply and equitable access; (iii) The lag in adopting higher-valent paediatric combination vaccines in China needs attention to address regulatory and health system hurdles; (iv) Disparities in access to non-NIP vaccines underscore the need for government initiatives to improve vaccine coverage, especially for remote areas and marginalized populations; (v) Original studies emphasize the influence of caregivers’ knowledge, health workers’ financial incentives, and concerns about vaccine efficacy on immunization rates; (vi) Case studies from the Weifang City of China and Indonesia to introduce PCV offer insights on successful vaccine introduction strategies and the impact of innovative financing and g

关键词： National Immunization Program New vaccine introduction Universal vaccine coverage Health system strengthening

Kriging-boosted CR modeling for prompt infill drilling optimization

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 39-48页

作者： Elizaveta S.Gladchenko anna E.Gubanova Denis M.Orlov Dmitry A.Koroteev Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Russian Federation Digital Petroleum LLC Russian Federation

The capacitance-resistance model(CRM) has been a useful physics-based tool for obtaining production forecasts for decades. However, the model's limitations make it difficult to work with real field cases,where a lot of various events happen. Such events often include new well commissioning(NWC). We introduce a workflow that combines CRM concepts and kriging into a single tool to handle these types of events during history matching. Moreover, it can be used for selecting a new well placement during infill drilling. To make the workflow even more versatile, an improved version of CRM was used. It takes into account wells shut-ins and performed workovers by additional adjustment of the model coefficients. By preliminary re-weighing and interpolating these coefficients using kriging, the coefficients for potential wells can be determined. The approach was validated using both synthetic and real datasets, from which the cases of putting new wells into operation were selected. The workflow allows a fast assessment of future well performance with a minimal set of reservoir data. This way, a lot of well placement scenarios can be considered, and the best ones could be chosen for more detailed studies.

关键词： Capacitance-resistance model (CRM) Field development optimization Infill drilling Interwell connectivity Kriging New well commissioning (NWC)

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机械工程助力半导体纤维光子学

Science Bulletin 2024年第14期69卷 2151-2152页

作者： anna C.Peacock Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSO171BJUK

Glass optical fibres have had a tremendous impact on modern society,not only changing the way we communicate and share information on a global scale,but also how we sense,monitor,and manufacture using light-based *** fashioned from silica glass,commercial optical fibres owe their ubiquity to decades of efforts in optimizing the fabrication techniques to minimize transmission losses,principally within the telecommunications wavelength bands[1].However,the intrinsic properties of silica glass,such as its transmission window,nonlinear coefficients,and the absence of electronic functionality,have limited the use of these fibres in some ***,alongside these efforts,fibre fabrication teams have continued to explore alternative material systems that can help to lift some of these limitations and extend the reach of optical fibres and their applications.

关键词：光子学 silica fibres