In insects,the cell-mediated immune response involves an active role of hemo-cytes in phagocytosis,nodulation,and *** these processes have been well documented in multiple species belonging to different insect orders,...
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In insects,the cell-mediated immune response involves an active role of hemo-cytes in phagocytosis,nodulation,and *** these processes have been well documented in multiple species belonging to different insect orders,information con-cerning the immune response,particularly the hemocyte types and their specific function in the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens,is still *** is a serious gap in knowledge given the high economic relevance of *** larvae in waste management strategies and considering that the saprophagous feeding habits of this dipteran species have likely shaped its immune system to efficiently respond to *** present study repre-sents the first detailed characterization of black soldier fly hemocytes and provides new insights into the cell-mediated immune response of this *** particular,in addition to prohemocytes,we identified five hemocyte types that mount the immune response in the larva,and analyzed their behavior,role,and morphofunctional changes in response to bac-terial infection and injection of chromatographic *** results demonstrate that the circulating phagocytes in black soldier fly larvae are *** cells also take part in nodulation and encapsulation with granulocytes and lamellocyte-like cells,devel-oping a starting core for nodule/capsule formation to remove/encapsulate large bacterial aggregates/pathogens from the hemolymph,*** processes are supported by the release of melanin precursors from crystal cells and likely by mobilizing nutrient reserves in newly circulating adipohemocytes,which could thus trophically support other hemocytes during the immune ***,the regulation of the cell-mediated im-mune response by eicosanoids was investigated.
AIM:To characterize small bowel(SB)tumors detected by capsule endoscopy(CE),and identify missed ***:The study included 145 consecutive patients in whom 150 CEs were *** CE,the medical records of the study population w...
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AIM:To characterize small bowel(SB)tumors detected by capsule endoscopy(CE),and identify missed ***:The study included 145 consecutive patients in whom 150 CEs were *** CE,the medical records of the study population were *** of double-or single-balloon enteroscopy performed after CE and the results of surgery in all patients operated on were *** patients were contacted through telephone interviews or postal *** addition,the national cancer registry and the polish clinical gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)Registry were searched to identify missed ***:Indications for CE included overt and occult obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(n=81,53.7%),anemia(n=19,12.7%),malabsorption(n=18,12%),abnormal CB follow through(n=9,6%),abdominal pain(n=7,5%),celiac disease(n=5,3%),neuroendocrine tumor(n=3,2%),Crohn’s disease(n=2,<2%),Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(n=2,<2%),other polyposes(n=2,<2%),and diarrhea(n=2,<2%).The capsule reached the colon in 115(76.6%)*** 150 investigations,CE identified 15SB tumors(10%),14 of which were operated on or treated *** included metastatic melanoma(n=1),adenocarcinoma(n=2),and GIST(n=3).Benign neoplasms included dysplastic Peutz-Jeghers polyps(n=4).Non-neoplastic masses included venous malformation(n=1),inflammatory tumors(n=2),and a mass of unknown histology(n=1).During the follow-up period,three additional SB tumors were found(2 GISTs and one mesenteric tumor of undefined nature).The National Cancer Registry and Polish Clinical GIST Registry revealed no additional SB neoplasms in the post-examination period(follow-up:range 4.2-102.5 mo,median 39 mo).The sensitivity of CE for tumor detection was 83.3%,and the negative predictive value was 97.6%.The specificity and positive predictive value were both 100%.CONCLUSION:Neoplasms may be missed by CE,especially in the proximal *** overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding,complementary endoscopic and/or rad
Objective:Genotype-phenotype associations were studied in 517 subjects clinically affected by classical neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Methods:Genetic loci CLN1-3 were analyzed in regard to age of onset, initia...
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Objective:Genotype-phenotype associations were studied in 517 subjects clinically affected by classical neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Methods:Genetic loci CLN1-3 were analyzed in regard to age of onset, initial neurological symptoms, and electron microscope (EM) profiles. Results: The most common initial symptom leading to a clinical evaluation was developmental delay (30%) in NCL1, seizures (42.4%) in NCL2, and vision problems (53.5%) in NCL3. Eighty-two percent of NCL1 cases had granular osmiophilic deposits (GRODs) or mixed-GROD-containing EM profiles; 94% of NCL2 cases had curvilinear (CV) or mixed-CV-containing profiles; and 91% of NCL3 had fingerprint (FP) or mixed-FP-containing profiles. The mixed-type EM profile was found in approximately one-third of the NCL cases. DNA mutations within a specific CLN gene were further correlated with NCL phenotypes. Seizures were noticed to associate with common mutations 523G>A and 636C>T of CLN2 in NCL2 but not with common mutations 223G>A and 451C>T of CLN1 in NCL1. Vision loss was the initial symptom in all types of mutations in NCL3. Surprisingly, our data showed that the age of onset was atypical in 51.3% of NCL1 (infantile form) cases, 19.7% of NCL2 (late-infantile form) cases, and 42.8% of NCL3 (juvenile form) ***:Our data provide an overall picture regarding the clinical recognition of classical childhood NCLs. This may assist in the prediction and genetic identification of NCL1-3 via their characteristic clinical features.
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