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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 433-438页

作者： Dongyoon Shin Sabita Bhandari Marc FTesch Shannon ABonke Frédéric Jaouen Sonia Chabbra Christoph Pratsch Alexander Schnegg anna k.mechler Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr.34–3645470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany ICGM Univ.MontpellierCNRSENSCMMontpellierFrance Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Department of Inorganic ChemistryFaradayweg 4-614195 BerlinGermany

The incorporation of Pt into an iron-nitrogen-carbon(Fe NC)catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)was recently shown to enhance catalyst stability without Pt directly contributing to the ORR ***,the mechanistic origin of this stabilisation remained *** is established herein with rotating ring disc experiments that the side product,H_(2)O_(2),which is known to damage FeNC catalysts,is suppressed by the presence of *** formation of reactive oxygen species is additionally inhibited,independent of intrinsic H_(2)O_(2) formation,as determined by electron paramagnetic *** electron microscopy identifies an oxidised Fe-rich layer covering the Pt particles,thus explaining the inactivity of the latter towards the *** insights develop understanding of Fe NC degradation mechanisms during ORR catalysis,and crucially establish the required properties of a precious metal free protective catalyst to improve Fe NC stability in acidic media.

关键词： Electrochemistry Fuel cells Oxygen reduction reaction Non-precious metal catalyst Hybrid catalyst Stability

Dynamic carbon surface chemistry: Revealing the role of carbon in electrolytic water oxidation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第8期29卷 155-159,I0006页

作者： Yuxiao Ding Qingqing Gu Alexander klyushin Xing Huang Sakeb H.Choudhury Ioannis Spanos Feihong Song Rik Mom Pascal Dungen anna k.mechler Robert Schlogl Saskia Heumann Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34-36Mtilheim an der Ruhr 45470Germany Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6Berlin 14195Germany Research Group Catalysis for Energy Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbHAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 1512489 BerlinGermany

Carbon materials have been widely used as electrodes, but the mechanistic roles are still not clear due to the complexity of the carbon surface chemistry. Herein we clarify that intrinsic material properties of carbon have to be activated by extrinsic factors. Pure carbon has no catalytic activity when used as electrode for electrocatalytic water oxidation. The evolution of oxygen functional groups on the carbon surface with increasing potential and the subsequent formation of real active sites with iron impurities from the electrolyte have been confirmed. These in-situ formed active sites protect the carbon from deep oxidation. This unprecedented finding not only provides insight into the dynamic evolution of carbon electrode surface chemistry and raises awareness of the need for detailed surface analysis under operando conditions, but also suggests a direction for the development of scalable and high-performance carbonbased electrode systems for various electrochemical applications.

关键词： Carbon chemistry Carbon catalysis Carbon electrode Water splitting Iron impurity

Contribution of precursor compounds to the release of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) from waste water treatment plants(WWTPs)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 80-90页

作者： Ulrika Eriksson Peter Haglund anna k?rrman Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre School of Science and Technology ?rebro University Department of Chemistry Umea University

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances（PFASs） are ubiquitous in sludge and water from waste water treatment plants, as a result of their incorporation in everyday products and industrial processes. In this study, we measured several classes of persistent PFASs,precursors, transformation intermediates, and newly identified PFASs in influent and effluent sewage water and sludge from three municipal waste water treatment plants in Sweden, sampled in 2015. For sludge, samples from 2012 and 2014 were analyzed as *** of precursors in sludge exceeded those of perfluoroalkyl acids and sulfonic acids（PFCAs and PFSAs）, in 2015 the sum of polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid esters（PAPs） were 15–20 ng/g dry weight, the sum of fluorotelomer sulfonic acids（FTSAs） was 0.8–1.3 ng/g,and the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and ethanols ranged from non-detected to 3.2 ng/g. Persistent PFSAs and PFCAs were detected at 1.9–3.9 ng/g and 2.4–7.3 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The influence of precursor compounds was further demonstrated by an observed substantial increase for a majority of the persistent PFCAs and PFSAs in water after waste water treatment. Perfluorohexanoic acid（PFHxA）, perfluorooctanoic acid（PFOA）, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid（PFHxS）, and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid（PFOS）had a net mass increase in all WWTPs, with mean values of 83%, 28%, 37% and 58%,respectively. The load of precursors and intermediates in influent water and sludge combined with net mass increase support the hypothesis that degradation of precursor compounds is a significant contributor to PFAS contamination in the environment.

关键词： diPAPs FTSAs Waste water Daily discharge PFCA precursor

No evidence for female discrimination against male house mice carrying a selfish genetic element

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 675-685页

作者： Andreas SUTTER anna k. LINDHOLM Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich 8057 Switzerland

Meiotic drivers distort transmission to the next generation in their favor, with detrimental effects on the fitness of their homologues and the rest of the genome. Male carriers of meiotic drivers commonly inflict costs on their mates through genetic incompatibility, reduced fecundity, or biased brood sex ratios. Given these costs, evidence for female discrimination against male carriers is surprisingly rare. One of few examples is the t haplotype in house mice, a meiotic driver that shows strong transmission distortion in males and is typically homozygote lethal. As a consequence, mating between 2 t heterozygous （＋/t） mice leads to high embryo mortality. Previous experiments showing that＋/t females avoid this incompatibility cost by preferring ＋/＋ versus ＋/t males have inferred preference based on olfactory cues or brief social interactions. Evidence from mating contexts in laboratory settings and semi-natural populations has been inconclusive. Here, we investigated female choice from a large number of no-choice mating trials. We found no evidence for discrimination against＋/t males based on mating, remating, and copulatory behavior. Further, we found no evidence for avoidance of incompatibility through selective interactions between game- tes. The likelihood of mating showed significant effects of female weight and genotype, suggesting that our test paradigm enabled females to exhibit mate choice. We discuss the strengths and limitations of our approach. By explicitly considering selection at both the individual and gene level, we argue why precopulatory female discrimination by＋/t females may be less evolutionarily stable than discrimination by all females based on postcopulatory mechanisms.

关键词： cryptic female choice female preference indirect benefits mate choice segregation distortion t haplotype

Lignin Biosynthesis Studies in Plant Tissue Cultures

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 176-185页

作者： anna krknen Sanna koutaniemi Department of Applied Biology 00014 University of HelsinkiFinland MTT Agrifood Research Finland 92400 RuukkiFinland Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology 00014 University of HelsinkiFinland

Lignin, a phenolic polymer abundant in cell walls of certain cell types, has given challenges to scientists studying its structure or biosynthesis. In plants lignified tissues are distributed between other, non-lignified tissues, Characterization of native lignin in the cell wall has been difficult due to the highly cross-linked nature of the wall components. Model systems, like plant tissue cultures with tracheary element differentiation or extracellular lignin formation, have provided useful information related to lignin structure and several aspects of lignin formation. For example, many enzyme activities in the phenylpropanoid pathway have been first identified in tissue cultures. This review focuses on studies where the use of plant tissue cultures has been advantageous in structural and biosynthesis studies of lignin, and discusses the validity of tissue cultures as models for lignin biosynthesis.

关键词： cell Lignin Biosynthesis Studies in Plant Tissue Cultures

Long-term overlap of social and genetic structure in free-ranging house mice reveals dynamic seasonal and group size effects

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 59-69页

作者： Julian C.EVANS anna k.LINDHOLM Barbara köNIG Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190Zurich8057Switzerland

Associating with relatives in social groups can bring benefits such as reduced risk of aggression and increased likelihood of *** among relatives over limited resources,on the other hand,can induce individuals to alter their patterns of *** density might further affect the costs and benefits of associating with relatives by altering resource competition or by changing the structure of social groups;preventing easy association with ***,the overlap between genetic and social structure is expected to decrease with increasing population size,as well as during times of increased breeding ***,we use multi-layer network techniques to quantify the similarity between long-term,high resolution genetic,and behavioral data from a large population of free-ranging house mice(Mus musculus domesticus),studied over *** infer how the benefit of associating with genetically similar individuals might fluctuate in relation to breeding behavior and environmental *** found a clear seasonal effect,with decreased overlap between social and genetic structure during summer months,characterized by high temperatures and high breeding *** the effect of overall population size was relatively weak,we found a clear decrease in the overlap between genetic similarity and social associations within larger *** well as longer-term within-group changes,these results reveal population-wide short-term shifts in how individuals associate with *** study suggests that resource competition modifies the trade-off between the costs and benefits of interacting with relatives.

关键词： genetic relatedness long-term data multilayer networks seasonal social behavior

EVALUATING THE WEIGHTED-SUM APPROACH FOR MEASURING BUILDINGS’ADAPTABILITY

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Journal of Green Building 2020年第3期15卷 37-54页

作者： anna k Becker Brandon E.Ross Dustin Albright 310A Lowry Hall Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634-0911USA.

As urban populations increase worldwide and more demands are placed on infrastructure and buildings,the topic of adaptable building design has experienced increased interest as a way to embed adaptability into the urban building stock and avoid unnecessary demolition and *** tools for judging building adaptability based on physical characteristics have recently been *** most common approach for these tools is to use a weighted-sum of scores for different *** primary purpose of this paper was to compare a weighted-sum measurement approach against a more rigorous,less abstract measurement that involved judgements about simulated adaptation projects(called an example-based approach).These measurements were performed through expert elicitation and an analytic hierarchy process(AHP)survey,where participants evaluated the relative adaptability of four case study buildings from the Clemson University *** results showed significant correlation between the weighted-sum approach and the example-based approach,supporting the reasonableness of using weighted-sum approaches to evaluate the adaptive potential of building *** addition,a separate group of experts rated adaptability of the case study buildings by providing qualitative reasons for their *** the other approaches,this group was not given a specific tool to guide their *** qualitative data provided additional context for understanding results from the quantitative approaches.

关键词： adaptability flexibility sustainability reuse analytic hierarchy process

The evolutionary consequences of selfish genetic elements

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 655-658页

作者： anna k. LINDHOLM Tom A.R. PRICE Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich Switzerland Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool UK

The traditional view of the genome was once that it is broadly cooperative, with all genes working together amicably to improve the success of the individual as a whole. Benefits to the individual, after all, benefit all the component genes, as fair Mendelian inheritance ensures that all the genes and alleles a parent carries are equally likely to be inherited by an offspring. However, more detailed studies of inheritance have shown that this rosy view of cooperation within the genome is untrue. Instead, many genes act selfishly, manipulating gametogenesis to bias transmission in their favor （Butt and Trivers 2006）. This increases their representation in offspring at a cost to the fitness of the individual and the cooperative genes.

关键词：遗传因素进化基因组孟德尔遗传等位基因合作多基因后代

Cyclicity of the Lower Buntsandstein in the eastern part of the Central European Basin:implications for Early Triassic palaeogeography and for geochronological calibration

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 252-292页

作者： anna Becker Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute 4 Rakowiecka str.00-975 WarsawPoland

Lower Buntsandstein small—scale cycles recognized in the Central European Basin(CEB) are readily used for astrochronological calibration of the Early Triassic time scales,although they are not well studied *** borehole sections from the eastern part of the CEB,forming a south-north transect perpendicular to the basin axis,were studied in terms to better understand the depositional history of the Lower Buntsandstein developed as the Baltic Formation in the studied Polish part of the *** sedimentary facies were recognized,based on lithological and sedimentological investigations of 655.7 m of drill cores from the Otyń IG 1,Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 and kamień Pomorski IG 1 *** facies can be grouped according to a lithological criterion into facies of predominantly siliciclastic lithology(including 9facies types) and facies of predominantly carbonate lithology(including 2 facies types).Facies analysis allowed to distinguish 8 facies associations of:1) alluvial fan,2) playa,3) sandy-muddy coastal plain,4)embayment and distal delta,5) lagoon,6) sand bars or shoals,7) ooidal shoals or bars,and 8) ***-upward(DC) and shallowing-upward(SC) sedimentary cycles were recognized in parts of the Baltic Formation,with DCs dominating in the southernmost located Otyń IG 1,and SCs dominating in Gorz ow Wielkopolski IG 1,located in the axial part of the *** cycles are very *** statistical significance of the sedimentary cycles is relatively low according to Markov-chain analysis conducted with the phpSedistat software of Stanova et al.(2009).Analysis of small—scale cycles performed on well logs of investigated boreholes and additional boreholes in the vicinity of Otyń IG 1,implementing the earlier study of Becker(2005),showed that the correlation of well-log cycles(GR cycles) and sedimentary cycles is not *** cycles can be roughly correlated with lithological carbonate—siliciclastic cycles(c-s cycles),refle

关键词： Triassic Lower Buntsandstein Cyclicity Central European Basin

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Cornea modelling

Eye and Vision 2020年第1期7卷 11-25页

作者： anna Pandolfi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Politecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanoItaly

Background:Biomechanics introduces numerous technologies to support clinical practice in ophthalmology,with the goal of improving surgical outcomes and to develop new advanced technologies with minimum impact on clinical ***,a few misconceptions on the way that computational methods should be applied to living tissues contributes to a lack of confidence towards computer-based ***:Corneal biomechanics relies on sound theories of mechanics,including concepts of equilibrium,geometrical measurements,and complex material *** peculiarities of biological tissues require the consideration of multi-physics,typical of the eye environment,and to adopt customized geometrical models constructed on the basis of advanced optical imaging and in-vivo ***:Patient-specific models are able to predict the outcomes of refractive surgery and to exploit the results of in-vivo test to characterize the material properties of the corneal ***:Corneal biomechanics can become an important support to clinical practice,provided that methods are based on the actual multi-physics and use customized geometrical and mechanical models.

关键词： Corneal biomechanics Physiologic configuration Tonometry modelling Refractive surgery modelling