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Scene word recognition from pieces to whole

Frontiers of Computer Science 2019年第2期13卷 292-301页

作者： anna ZHU Seiichi UCHIDA SCST Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430000 China ISEE-AIT Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have had great success with regard to the object classification problem. For character classification, we found that training and testing using accurately segmented character regions with CNNs resulted in higher accuracy than when roughly segmented regions were used. Therefore, we expect to extract complete character regions from seene images. Text in natural scene images has an obvious contrast with its attachments. Many methods attempt to extract characters through different segmentation techniques. However, for blurred, occluded, and complex background cases, those methods may result in adjoined or over segmented characters. In this paper, we propose a scene word recognition model that integrates words from small pieces to entire after-cluster-based segmentation. The segmented connected components are classified as four types: background, in dividual character proposals, adjoined characters, and stroke proposals. Individual character proposals are directly inputted to a CNN that is trained using accurately segmented character images. The sliding window strategy is applied to adjoined character regions. Stroke proposals are considered as fragments of entire characters whose locations are estimated by a stroke spatial distribution system. Then、the estimated characters from adjoined characters and stroke proposals are classified by a CNN that is trained on roughly segmented character images. Finally, a lexicondriven integration method is performed to obtain the final word recognition results. Compared to other word recognition methods, our method achieves a comparable performance on Street View Text and the ICDAR 2003 and ICDAR 2013 benchmark databases. Moreover, our method can deal with recognizing text images of occlusion and improperly segmented text images.

关键词： text recognition convolutional neural networks cluster-based segmentation character integration

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Microstructure and electrical resistivity in the GdNi_(5–x)Cu_x intermetallic series

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Journal of Rare Earths 2017年第1期35卷 71-78页

作者： anna Bajorek Grazyna Chelkowska A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics University of Silesia Katowice Poland Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research University of Silesia Chorzow Poland

The effect of the Ni/Cu substitution on the electrical resistivity and microstructure of the polycrystalline GdNi5-xCux series was studied. The value of temperature of phase transition（T_（ph）） estimated from temperature dependence of electrical resistance varied non-linearly across copper doping from 32.5 K（x=0.0） to 29.1 K（x=5.0）. The value of residual resistivity（ρo） estimated at low temperature range decreased from 27.28 μΩcm（x=0.0） to 9.44 μΩcm（x=5.0）, which was discussed as the influence of microstructure. In order to describe the temperature dependence of resistivity ρ（T） a variety of approaches were applied due to different scattering mechanisms occurring at high and low temperature ranges. The change within ρ（T） curvature was evidenced at low temperature range across copper doping. The temperature variation of the resistivity was quite peculiar for Cu-rich compounds（x=4.8, x=5.0）, which might be correlated with the incommensurate magnetic structure derived from the weakly negative interaction between the nearest neighbours of Gd. The correlation between microstructure and resistivity was observed.

关键词： intermetallics rare earth alloys and compounds crystal structure electrical resistivity scanning electron microscopy

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Novel Role and Regulation of the Interleukin-1 Receptor Associated Kinase(IRAK)Family Proteins

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2005年第1期2卷 36-39页

作者： anna Misior Department of Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine.Winston Salem.NC 27157USA.

The interleukin-1 receptor associated kinases(IRAKs)sit at the bottle neck for the Toll-like-receptor(TLR) mediated signal transduetion process controlling host innate immune ***,the exact role and regulation of IRAKs are still in the early stage and not fully *** review intends to summarize the recent advancement in this important topic and points out areas that need further intensive *** & Molecular Immunology.2005:2(1):36-39.

关键词： IRAK innate immunity signaling TLR

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Strategically designing layered two-dimensional SnS_(2)-based hybrid electrodes: A futuristic option for low-cost supercapacitors

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第10期85卷 394-417,I0011页

作者： Susmi anna Thomas Jayesh Cherusseri Centre for Advanced Functional Materials(CAFM) Department of PhysicsBishop Moore CollegeMavelikaraKerala 690110India Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology(SCEEST) School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityNo.5 Jalan UniversityBandar SunwayPetaling Jaya 47500Malaysia

Supercapacitors are promising energy storage devices in current century due to their high specific capacitance, cyclic stability, high power density, and high voltage rating. Due to their excellent electrochemical properties, supercapacitors are invariably used in a multitude of applications ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles. The electrochemical performance of a supercapacitor mainly depends on the type of electrode-active material used in it. Thereby a careful selection is mandatory to achieve the excellency. Nanostructured electrode-active materials such as carbon nanomaterials, transition metal oxides,transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs), electronically conducting polymers, etc. are invariably used for supercapacitor application. Among these, TMDs have received great interest, particularly transition metal disulfides such as molybdenum disulfide, tin disulfide(SnS_(2)), etc. Tin is abundant on the earth with excellent charge storage capabilities, attracted great scientific interest for application as electrode materials in supercapacitors. Good electronic conductivity, long cycling life and low-cost are its added ***, we discuss the recent trends in layered two-dimensional(2D) SnS_(2)-based electrodes to develop low-cost supercapacitors. Initially, their crystal structure, basic properties, synthesis methods are discussed. Further, strategically designing electrode nanostructures to achieve excellent electrochemical performance is reviewed then after. This includes material design in terms of morphology, pore-size,and shape as well as preparation of 2D SnS_(2)-based nanocomposite electrodes. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives of 2D SnS_(2)-based supercapacitors are included.

关键词： SnS_(2) Supercapacitor Transition metal dichalcogenides Electrochemical energy storage

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Interactions of naturally occurring compounds with antimicrobials

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023年第12期13卷 1452-1470页

作者： Izabela Malczak anna Gajda Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Veterinary Research InstitutePartyzantów 5724-100Poland

Antibiotics are among the most often used medications in human healthcare and *** these substances can lead to complications such as increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria or a toxic effect when administering large *** solve these problems,new solutions in antibacterial therapy are *** use of natural products in medicine has been known for *** of them have antibacterial activity,hence the idea to combine their activity with commercial antibiotics to reduce the latter's *** review presents collected information on natural compounds(terpenes,alkaloids,flavonoids,tannins,sulfoxides,and mycotoxins),of which various drug interactions have been *** of the indicated compounds show synergistic or additive interactions with antibiotics,which suggests their potential for use in antibacterial therapy,reducing the toxicity of the antibiotics used and the risk of further development of bacterial ***,there are also compounds which interact antagonistically,potentially hindering the therapy of bacterial *** on its mechanism of action,each compound can behave differently in combination with different antibiotics and when acting against various bacterial strains.

关键词： Interactions Antimicrobials Natural compounds Antibiotics

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The influence of time and temperature on molecular gut content analysis： Adalia bipunctata fed with Rhopalosiphum padi

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Insect Science 2007年第5期14卷 353-358页

作者： STUART MCMILLAN anna-KARIN KUUSK anna CASSELLUNDHAGEN BARBARA EKBOM Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7044 750 07 Uppsala Sweden

Gut content analysis is a useful tool when studying arthropod predator-prey interactions. We used polymerase chain reaction （PCR） technique to examine how detection of prey DNA in the gut content of predators was influenced by digestion time and temperature. Such knowledge is critical before applying PCR-based gut content analysis to field collected predators. Larvae of the two-spotted ladybeetle （Adalia bipunctata L.） were fed with the bird cherry-oat aphid （Rhopalosiphum padi L.） at either 21℃ or 14℃. After consuming one aphid, the predators were allowed to digest the prey for a range of time periods up to 24 hours. The influence of temperature on A. bipunctata feeding behavior was also recorded. From the fed larvae, total DNA was extracted and PCR reactions with R. padi specific primers were run. The number ofA. bipunctata that tested positive for R. padi DNA was negatively related to the length of digestion time. Temperature influenced larval feeding behavior but did not have a significant effect on R. padi DNA detection. After pooling the data from both temperature treatments we estimated the time point when R. padi DNA could be amplified from 50% of the fed A. bipunctata by PCR to be 4.87 hours. With such a rapid decrease in prey DNA detection success, positive PCR reactions will most likely be the result of predation events occurring shortly before capture. If a defined digestion temperature range has proven not to influence prey detection, PCR data obtained from predators collected within that particular range can be interpreted in the same way.

关键词： Adalia bipunctata aphidophagous predator prey DNA detection success gut content analysis PCR Rhopalosiphum padi

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The effect of growth conditions on the relationship between fine root and foliage biomass

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1585-1591页

作者： Yury Karpechko anna Karpechko Andrej Tuyunen Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences 11 Pushkinskaya St.PetrozavodskKareliaRussia 185910

This article examines the physiological relationships between fine roots and foliage, and how their biomass ratio correlates with changes in stand quality class. The biomass of fine roots ≤ 3 mm in diameter of spruce stands in the Republic of Karelia (Northwest Russia) was determined by the soil monolith method. Foliage biomass was calculated using a previously designed technique from the standing stock, average height and quality class of the stand. A relation between fine-root: foliage biomass ratio and stand quality class (representing soil fertility) has been established. The closest correlation between fine-root: foliage biomass ratio and stand quality based on soil fertility was for the 1-2 mm root fraction. Analysis of the water flux balance in the trees revealed a correlation between fine-root: foliage ratio and the ratio of the specific volume of transpiration by the stand to the specific volume of water uptake from the soil by roots. Theoretical explanations for the decrease in fine-root: foliage biomass ratios with increasing stand quality class are offered.

关键词： Fine-root biomass Foliage biomass Stand quality class Soil fertility

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Radial and longitudinal density variations in Abies cephalonica and Pinus halepensis

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 853-863页

作者： Vasiliki Dimou anna Tsaliki Kyriaki Kitikidou Laboratory of Forest Technology Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural ResourcesDemocritus University of Thrace193 Pandazidou68200 OrestiadaPCGreece Laboratory of Forest Biometry-Biostatistics Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural ResourcesDemocritus University of Thrace193 Pandazidou68200 OrestiadaPCGreece

Basic wood density is an excellent indicator of quality,it is correlated with numerous physical,physiological and mechanical characteristics of a species and is a good descriptor of wood quality and important indicator of tree performance in community *** accurate method is thus needed to estimate wood *** standard way is to calculate the ratio of the oven-dried mass of a wood sample divided by its green volume,but wood characteristics within and between growth rings are highly variable;the density can vary in the longitudinal and the radial *** present study investigates the longitudinal and radial fl uctuations in the basic density of Abies cephalonica Loud and Pinus halepensis *** logs were cut from four diff erent trees for each species and 16 discs were formed(two discs from each log,one at the base and one at the top).Each disc was cut into cubes where their distance from the pith was measured and then sorted into 2 cm wide concentric *** results revealed a mild decreasing trend in basic density from the foot of the trunk upward for both *** pith in both species also seems to have a relatively high density,which in the immediate next growth rings decreases only to resume increasing toward the bark.

关键词： Aleppo pine Physical properties Specifi c gravity Wood quality

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Stomatal regulation: Role of H2S-induced persulfidation in ABA signaling

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Molecular Plant 2021年第6期14卷 858-860页

作者： anna Siodmak Heribert Hirt DARWIN21 Center for Desert AgricultureKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia Max F.Perutz Laboratories University of ViennaDr.Bohrgasse 91030 ViennaAustria

Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is an important signaling molecule in *** is a small gasotransmitter with high permeativity through lipid membranes.H2S can convert the mercapto groups(Cys–SH)of the amino acid cysteine into hydropersulfide groups(–Cys–SSH).This process is called *** modifications such as persulfidation can play an important role in protein functionality,altering protein conformation and/or *** plants,H2S can be generated within guard cells by CYSTEINE-DESULFHYDRASES,such as DES1,by degradation of cysteines into H2S,ammonia,and pyruvate(Zhang et al.,2020).H2S was reported to take part in physiological processes,such as stress response,and in the regulation of the functions of phytohormones such as salicylic acid and abscisic acid(ABA)(Pandey and Gautam,2020).Although the mechanism of how H2S affects ABA signaling pathways is not well understood,two recent studies by Chen et al.(2020)and Zhou et al.(2021)shed light on this topic,reporting how H2S-induced persulfidation regulates the stomatal ABA signaling pathway.

关键词： sulfide ammonia convert

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Coordination of Plastid and Light Signaling Pathways upon Development of Arabidopsis Leaves under Various Photoperiods

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Molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 799-816页

作者： anna Lepisto Eevi Rintamaki Molecular Plant Biology Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry University of Turku FI-20014 Turku Finland

Plants synchronize their cellular and physiological functions according to the photoperiod （the length of the light period） in the cycle of 24 h. Photoperiod adjusts several traits in the plant life cycle, including flowering and senes- cence in annuals and seasonal growth cessation in perennials. Photoperiodic development is controlled by the coordinated action of photoreceptors and the circadian clock. During the past 10 years, remarkable progress has been made in under- standing the molecular mechanism of the circadian clock, especially with regard to the transition of Arabidopsis from the vegetative growth to the reproductive phase. Besides flowering photoperiod also modifies plant photosynthetic struc- tures and traits. Light signals controlling biogenesis of chloroplasts and development of leaf photosynthetic structures are perceived both by photoreceptors and in chloroplasts. In this review, we provide evidence suggesting that the photope- riodic development of Arabidopsis leaves mimics the acclimation of plant to various light intensities. Furthermore, the chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signals that adjust acclimation to light intensity are proposed to contribute also to the signaling pathways that control photoperiodic acclimation of leaves.

关键词： acclimation chloroplast biology circadian clock leaf/vegetative development light signaling photomor-phogenesis plastid signaling.

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