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Efficient photon-pair generation in layer-poled lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguides

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第11期13卷 2847-2856页

作者： Xiaodong Shi Sakthi Sanjeev Mohanraj Veerendra Dhyani Angela anna Baiju Sihao Wang Jiapeng Sun Lin Zhou anna Paterova Victor Leong Di Zhu A*STAR Quantum Innovation Centre(Q.InC) Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE)Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore 138634Singapore Department of Physics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117542Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of SingaporeSingapore 117543Singapore

Integrated photon-pair sources are crucial for scalable photonic quantum ***-film lithium niobate is a promising platform for on-chip photon-pair generation through spontaneous parametric down-conversion(SPDC).However,the device implementation faces practical *** poled lithium niobate(PPLN),despite enabling flexible quasi-phase matching,suffers from poor fabrication reliability and device repeatability,while conventional modal phase matching(MPM)methods yield limited efficiencies due to inadequate mode ***,we introduce a layer-poled lithium niobate(LPLN)nanophotonic waveguide for efficient photon-pair *** leverages layer-wise polarity inversion through electrical poling to break spatial symmetry and significantly enhance nonlinear interactions for MPM,achieving a notable normalized second-harmonic generation(SHG)conversion efficiency of 4615%W^(−1)cm^(−2).Through a cascaded SHG and SPDC process,we demonstrate photon-pair generation with a normalized brightness of 3.1×10^(6)Hz nm^(−1)mW^(−2)in a 3.3 mm long LPLN waveguide,surpassing existing onchip sources under similar operating ***,our LPLN waveguides offer enhanced fabrication reliability and reduced sensitivity to geometric variations and temperature fluctuations compared to PPLN *** expect LPLN to become a promising solution for on-chip nonlinear wavelength conversion and non-classical light generation,with immediate applications in quantum communication,networking,and on-chip photonic quantum information processing.

关键词： waveguide waveguides lithium

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Towards high-performance tubular-type protonic ceramic electrolysis cells with all-Ni-based functional electrodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第1期29卷 65-74,I0003页

作者： Artem Tarutin anna Kasyanova Julia Lyagaeva Gennady Vdovin Dmitry Medvedev Laboratory of Electrochemical Devices Based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes Institute of High Temperature ElectrochemistryYekaterinburg 620137Russia Ural Federal University Yekaterinburg 620002Russia

Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells(PCECs),which permit high-temperature electrolysis of water,exhibit various advantages over conventional solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),including cost-effectiveness and the potential to operate at low-/intermediate-temperature ranges with high performance and *** many efforts have been made in recent years to improve the electrochemical characteristics of PCECs,certain challenges involved in scaling them up remain *** the present work,we present a twin approach of combining the tape-calendering method with all-Ni-based functional electrodes with the aim of fabricating a tubular-designed PCEC having an enlarged electrode area(4.6 cm^2).This cell,based on a 25μm-thick BaCe0.5Zr0.3Dy0.2O3-δ proton-conducting electrolyte,a nickelbased cermet and a Pr1.95Ba0.05NiO4+δ oxygen electrode,demonstrates a high hydrogen production rate(19 m L min^-1 at 600℃),which surpasses the majority of results reported for traditional button-or planar-type *** findings increase the scope for scaling up solid oxide electrochemical cells and maintaining their operability at reducing temperatures.

关键词： Steam electrolysis Hydrogen production PCECs Proton-conducting electrolytes Ln2NiO4

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A novel role for mitochondrial fission in macrophages: trained innate immunity induced by beta-glucan

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第8期20卷 864-866页

作者： anna Brichkina Hans-Uwe Simon Institute of Systems Immunology Center for Tumor Biology and ImmunologyPhilipps University of Marburg35043MarburgGermany Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL) Philipps University of Marburg35043MarburgGermany Laboratory of Molecular Immunology Institute of Fundamental Medicine and BiologyKazan Federal University420012KazanRussia Institute of Pharmacology University of Bern3010BernSwitzerland Institute of Biochemistry Brandenburg Medical School16816NeuruppinGermany

In a recent paper published in Nature Immunology,Ding et *** new insights into the mechanism of how trained innate immunity could eradicate *** authors demonstrated that yeast-derived whole beta-glucan particles(WGP)increased the responsiveness of lung interstitial macrophages to tumor-derived factors associated with the subsequent inhibition of tumor metastasis through enhanced cytotoxicity to cancer *** authors identified the metabolic sphingolipid–mitochondrial fission axis in WGP-trained macrophages as the key pathway responsible for this phenomenon and categorized it as a mechanism of trained innate immunity[1].

关键词： subsequent insight immunity

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Biodegradability of bioplastics in different aquatic environments:A systematic review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 169-181页

作者： Maria Cristina Lavagnolo Valentina Poli anna Maria Zampini Valentina Grossule Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering-Laboratory of Environmental EngineeringUniversity of PadovaLungargine Rovetta 8Padova 35100Italy

Bioplastics were first introduced as environmentally friendly materials,with properties similar to those of conventional plastics.A bioplastic is defined as biodegradable if it can be decomposed into carbon dioxide under aerobic degradation,or methane and CO_(2)under anaerobic conditions,inorganic compounds,and new cellular biomass,by the action of naturally occurring *** definition however does not provide any information on the environmental conditions,timescale and extent at which decomposition processes should *** regard to the aquatic environment,recognized standards have been established to assess the ability of plastics to undergo biodegradation;however,these standards fail to provide clear targets to be met to allow labelling of a bioplastic as ***,these standards grant the user an extensive leeway in the choice of process *** these reasons,the comparison of results deriving from different studies is *** authors analysed and discussed the degree of biodegradability of a series of biodegradable bioplastics in aquatic environments(both fresh and salt water)using the results obtained in the laboratory and from on-site testing in the context of different research *** Oxygen Demand(BOD),CO_(2)evolution,surface erosion and weight loss were the main parameters used by researchers to describe the percentage of *** results showed a large variability both in weight loss and BOD,even when evaluating the same type of *** confirms the need for a reference range of values to be established with regard to parameters applied in defining the biodegradability of bioplastics.

关键词： Biodegradation Bioplastic Plastic Natural environment Plastic waste

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Redox, immune and genetic biomarker system for personalized treatments in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第2期11卷 117-138页

作者： anna Maria Berghella anna Aureli Angelica Canossi Tiziana Del Beato Alessia Colanardi Patrizia Pellegrini Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

BACKGROUND Identifying biomarkers for the risk of developing degenerative processes linked to aging and colorectal cancer(CRC) onset that could improve clinical *** To determine valid targets and a predictive biomarker's system of chronicization of inflammation for cancer *** A group of 147 CRC patients was studied. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically, and patients were sub-typed using the pathological tumornode-metastasis classification. Thirteen colon adenoma patients and 219 healthy subjects were also studied. A system biology study on Thioredoxin1/CD30 redox-immune systems(Trx1/CD30), T helper cytokines and polymorphisms of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors, FcγRIIa-131 H/R and FcγRIIIa-158 V/F was carried out. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to analyze *** study was executed by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers and sequence-based typing method. Statistical analysis was performed by using the "Statgraphics software systems".RESULTS We found a positive increase between Trx1/RTrx1 levels and sCD30 level and increased age. With respect to the gender relationships, there were distinct differences. Females showed a primary relationship between transforming growth factor beta(TGFβ) with Trx1, whereas males had one with TGFβ and RTrx1. Trx1/CD30 controls the redox immune homeostasis, and an imbalance in the relationship between the Trx1/RTrx1 and sCD30 levels is linked to the onset and progression of tumor. This event happens through different gender-specific cytokine pathways. Our study demonstrated that the serum levels ofTrx1/RTrx1, TGFβ/interleukin(IL)6 and TGFβ/IL4 combinations and the sCD30,IFNγ and IL2 combination constitute a predictive gender specific biomarker system. This is relevant for clinical screening to detect the risk of the potential development or progression of a *** Oxidative stress on Trx1/CD30 is a trigger of cancer disease, and the selected oxid

关键词： Aging and cancer biomarker Cancer personalized treatments Oxidation and immune biomarkers Trx1/CD30 target KIRs and FcγR polymorphisms Th cytokines Aging and disease Cancer-related mechanisms

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Modelling and analyzing the impact of hydrogen enriched natural gas on domestic gas boilers in a decarbonization perspective

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2020年第1期3卷 122-129页

作者： Fabio Schiro anna Stoppato Alberto Benato University of Padova Department of Industrial EngineeringVia Venezia n.1PadovaItaly

Decarbonization of energy economy is nowadays a topical theme,and several pathways are under *** fuels have a fundamental role for this transition,and the production of low carbon-impact fuels is necessary to deal with this *** generation of renewable hydrogen is a trusted solution since this energy vector can be promptly produced from electricity and injected into the existing natural gas infrastructure,granting storage capacity and easy *** scenario will lead,in the near future,to hydrogen enrichment of natural gas,whose impact on the infrastructures is being actively *** effect on end-user devices such as domestic gas boilers,instead,is still little analyzed and tested,but is fundamental to be *** aim of this research is to generate knowledge on the effect of hydrogen enrichment on the widely used premixed boilers:the investigations include pollutant emissions,efficiency,flashback and explosion hazard,control system and materials selection.A model for calculating several parameters related to combustion of hydrogen enriched natural gas is *** for the design of new components are provided,and an insight is given on the maximum hydrogen blending bearable by the current boilers.

关键词： Hydrogen enriched natural gas Hydrogen Decarbonization Premixed boiler Combustion

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Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling cascade as a regulator of the inflammation network during alcoholic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16443-16451页

作者： Sara Ceccarelli Valerio Nobili anna Alisi Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit and Liver Research Unit Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS

Chronic abuse of alcohol leads to various histological abnormalities in the liver. These are conditions collectively known as alcoholic liver disease(ALD). Currently, ALD is considered to be one of the major causes of death worldwide. An impaired intestinal barrier with related endotoxemia is among the various pathogenetic factors. This is mainly characterized by circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS), considered critical for the onset of intra-hepatic inflammation. This in turn promotes hepatocellular damage and fibrosis in ALD. Elevated levels of LPS exert their effects by binding to Toll-like receptors(TLRs) which are expressed by all liver-resident cells. The activation of TLR signaling triggers an overproduction and release of some cytokines, which promote an autocatalytic cascade of other proinflammatory signals. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that sustain LPS-mediated activation of TLR signaling, reporting current experimental and clinical evidence of its role during inflammation in ALD.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Toll-like receptors Inflammation Cirrhosis Nuclear factor-κ B Cytokines

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On the deterring effect of a butterfly＇s eyespot in juvenile and sub-adult chickens

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 749-757页

作者： Martin OLOFSSON Christer WIKLUND anna FAVATI Department of Zoology Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden School of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram 695016 India

Circular patterns, or eyespots, are common anti-predator features in a variety of animals. Two defensive functions have been documented： large eyespots may intimidate predators, whereas smaller marginal eyespots may divert attacks. However, a given eyespot potentially serves both functions, possibly depending on the predator＇s size and/or experience. Naive predators are potentially more likely to misdirect their attacks towards eyespots; alternatively, their typically smaller size would make them more intimidated by the same eyespots. Here we test how juvenile and sub-adult naive chickens respond to a single eyespot on a butterfly＇s wing. We presented the birds with dead wall brown butterflies, Lasiommata megera, that had their apical eyespot visible or painted over. We assessed the birds＇ responses＇ by （i） scoring their intimidation reaction, （ii） whether they uttered alarm calls and, （iii） if they attacked the butterfly and where they targeted their attacks. Results show that both age categories received higher intimidation scores when offered a butterfly with a visible eyespot. Juveniles were more intimidated by the butterfly than the sub-adults： they received higher intimidation scores and were more prone to utter alarm calls. Moreover, only sub-adults at- tacked and did so by preferentially attacking the butterfly＇s anterior. We demonstrate an intimidating effect of the type of eyespot that has previously been shown only to divert attacks. We suggest that one and the same eyespot may serve two functions relative to different predators; however, further experiments are needed to disentangle the role of predator identity and its link to size, on- togeny and experience [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 749-757, 2015].

关键词： Predator-prey interactions Prey-attack behaviour Butterfly Bird Eyespot Ontogeny

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Comparison of selected inflammation-based prognostic markers in relapsed or refractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第43期21卷 12410-12420页

作者： anna Song Wankyu Eo Sookyung Lee Department of Clinical Oncology College of Korean MedicineKyung Hee University Department of Medical Oncology College of MedicineKyung Hee University

AIM: To investigate the impact of systemic inflammationbased prognostic markers on overall survival in relapsed/refractory metastatic colorectal cancer(m CRC) patients. METHODS: To investigate prognostic markers in m CRC patients,this study was performed with patients who have experienced relapsed/refractory m CRC with standard chemotherapy or were inapplicable to conventional treatment modality because of poor performance status,age,or comorbidity. We reviewed the medical records of 177 m CRC patients managed with Korean Medicine(KM) treatment modality using an anticancer agent of Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract from June 2006 to April 2013. The clinicopathologic characteristics,laboratory test,the systemic inflammation markers including the modified Glasgow prognostic score(m GPS),neutrophil lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet lymphocyte ratio(PLR),lymphocyte monocyte ratio(LMR),and prognostic nutritional index(PNI) were analyzed. The overall survival of patients was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and the statistical significance was compared using with the log-rank test. To compare the impact of systemic inflammation based markers,the hazard ratio(HR) of m GPS,NLR,PLR,LMR,and PNI for overall survival were evaluated with the Cox proportional hazards ***: The majority of m CRC patients had relapsed/refractory to standard chemotherapy; 128 patients(72.3%) had undergone more than second line chemotherapy,and the median time from diagnosis of m CRC to initiation of KM was 9.4 mo. The median overall survival of enrolled patients was 8.3 mo. On univariate analyses,the inflammation markers of higher m GPS(P 300(P = 0.004),LMR ≤ 3.4(P < 0.001),and PNI ≤ 45.3(P = 0.001) were significantly associated with decreased survival time. On stepwise multivariate proportional hazards model,m GPS at 2 vs 0(HR = 3.212,95%CI: 1.437-7.716,P = 0.004),and LMR ≤ 3.4(HR = 1.658,95%CI: 1.092-2.518,P = 0.018) as independent predictors assoc

关键词： Colorectal neoplasm Inflammation Modified Glasgow

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New insight into the role of the complement in the most common types of retinopathy-current literature review

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第11期11卷 1856-1864页

作者： Martyna Chrzanowska anna Modrzejewska Monika Modrzejewska Department of Ophthalmology Pomeranian Medical University

Pathological neovascularisation, which is a critical component of diseases such as age-related macular degeneration（AMD）, diabetic retinopathy（DR） and retinopathy of prematurity（ROP）, is a frequent cause of compromised vision or blindness. Researchers continuously investigate the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of retinopathy. Studies have confirmed the role of factors H and I in the development of AMD, and factors H and B in the development of DR. Other components, such as C2, C3, and C5, have also been considered. However, findings on the involvement of the complement system in the pathogenesis of ROP are still inconclusive. This paper presents a review of the current literature data, pointing to the novel results and achievements from research into the role of complement components in the development of retinopathy. There is still a need to continue research in new directions, and to gather more detailed information about this problem which will be useful in the treatment of these diseases.

关键词： age-related macular degeneration diabetic retinopathy actors of the complement system retinopathy of prematurity single nucleotide polymorphism

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