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Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of <i>Rumex abyssinica</i>Jacq. (Polygonaceae) and <i>Mentha spicata</i>L. (Lamiaceae)

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第3期5卷 309-318页

作者： Maud Kamatenesi Mugisha James Gakunga Ndukui Agnes Namutembi Paul Waako ann-karl borg karlson Patrick Vudriko Department of Biological Sciences School of Biosciences College of Natural Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Chemistry KTH Stockholm Sweden Department of Food Technology and Nutrition College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Veterinary Pharmacy Clinics and Comparative Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Veterinary Pharmacy Clinics and Comparative Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere Uni-versity Kampala Uganda

Rumex abyssinica Jacq. (Polygonaceae) is locally used in management of allergies and female reproductive healthcare;whereas Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae) is used to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory distress, dandruff, halitosis and malaria in Uganda. Owing to the paucity of data on their safety profiles, this study evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxicities of 70% ethanolic leaf extracts of both plants in mice and Wistar albino rats. The oral acute toxicity of both plants was evaluated in Swiss mice of 7-8 weeks old (16-22 g) body weight and LD50 determined. Sub-acute toxicity was evaluated in Wistar albino rats (6 per group) at dose rates of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg for 28 days. The LD50 of R. abyssinica and M. spicata in mice was 7727 mg/kg and 13,606 mg/kg body weight, respectively. General signs of toxicity due to large doses of both plants extract included hyperurination, abdominal muscle twitches and convulsions. In the sub-acute toxicity test, rats treated with both extracts did not exhibit any clinical signs of toxicity;no mortality and changes in body weight were observed. R. abyssinica did not cause significant changes in haematological indices, except a significant increase in HCT (p 0.05). However, a dose dependant significant decrease in HCT (p 0.05) and a significant increase (p 0.05) in the levels of WBC, LMY and MCHC were observed in rats treated with M. spicata extract. Biochemical test showed that both extracts caused a significant dose dependent increase (p 0.05) in levels of ALT and ALP. Marked increase in the levels of AST was also observed in rats treated with M. spicata extract. Of the two extracts, only rats treated with

关键词： Histopathology Mentha spicata Rumex abyssinica Toxicity

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Regioselective Acylation of 2＇- or 3＇-Hydroxyl Group in Salicin： Hemisynthesis of Acylated Salicins

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2014年第5期30卷 774-777页

作者： SHAO Chen PEI Yuxin borg-karlson anna-Karin PEI Zhichao College of Science Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 P. R. China KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry Stockholm S-10044 Sweden

Salicin-based phenolic glycosides（PGs） are important defensive substances against herbivore feeding and have good bioactivities. In this work, a novel approach for the synthesis of salicin-based PGs has been developed, by which PGs of 2＇-O-acetylsaliein（5a）, 3＇-O-acetylsalicin（gb） and 3＇-O-benzoylsalicin（Sd） were hemisynthesized. The effects of acylation reagent, solvent and temperature on the regioselective acylation of 2＇- or 3＇-hydroxyl groups of salicin mediated by dibutyltin oxide were investigated. The optimal conditions under which the best regioselectivity reached for 5a-5d were discovered, respectively. Moreover, a tentative tin-oxygen coordination mechanism was put forward to explain the different regioselectivities shown under different conditions.

关键词： Regioselective acylation Salicin Phenolic glycoside Tin-oxygen coordination Hemisynthesis

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