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英语学习 2013年第2期 40-43页

作者： ann whitford paul

Palaeodepositional environment,implications of Glossopteris flora,and organic matter characteristics from the Lower Permian,Karo Open Cast Mine,East Bokaro Coalfield,Damodar Basin,India

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 528-546页

作者： Sankar Suresh Kumar Pillai Rose ann Sebastian Runcie paul Mathews Srikanta Murthya Anju Saxena Mrutyunjaya Sahoo Suraj Kumar Sahu Gulshan Kumar Dhingra Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Department of Geology School of Earth Science SystemsCentral University of Kerala Department of Geology Ravenshaw University Department of Botany Sri Dev Suman Uttarakhand University

The present study deals with the Early Permian floral diversity,palaeoenvironment,palaeoclimate and depositional setting using a multiproxy approach that includes morphotaxonomy,palynology,and organic geochemistry of Karo OCM （Open Cast Mine）,East Bokaro Coalfield,Damodar Gondwana Basin,India.The Permian sediments of Peninsular India are widely regarded as fluvial,along with some marine incursions.The macroplant fossil assemblage exhibits the presence of Glossopteridales,comprising Glossopteris,Gangamopteris,and Vertebraria,as well as Coniferales,which includes Noeggerathiopsis.The palynological assemblage encompasses the dominance of the striate bisaccate pollen Faunipollenites sp.and the subdominance of the non-striate bisaccate pollen Scheuringipollenites sp.with glossopterid affinities.The megafloral and palynofloral assemblage confirms the biostratigraphical age to be Late Barakar palynoflora of Kungurian affinity.The studied morphological characteristics,including small to large Glossopteris leaves exhibiting a lanceolate shape,acute apices,and acute cuneate or tapering bases,as well as entire margins with narrower lamina and narrow meshes,suggest the existence of a dense forest with the prevalence of a warm and humid climate during their deposition.The organic geochemical characterization based on functional group and biomarker analyses reveals the diagenetic effects on organic matter.Aliphatic symmetric(～2865-2855 cm-1) and asymmetric stretching (～2930-2910 cm-1) peaks are identifiable in coal samples,whereas they are absent in carbonaceous shale.The A-factor vs.C-factor plot suggests that the kerogen type is type Ⅲ,which can generate mainly gaseous kerogen.The vitrinite reflectance studies （Rrav.1.1%） show increased maturity of the samples,which is supported by the n-alkane distribution pattern and the absence of hopane terpenoids.The Indian floral assemblages in contemporary of southern Gondwana continents reveal a stronger inclination/affinity with the flora of Africa than that of South America,thereby

关键词： Glossopteris Palynomorph FTIR GCMS Gondwana Permian Palaeoclimate

Critical Review on Improved Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy-cuckoo Search-Elman Neural Network Modeling Methods for Whole-life-cycle Health State Estimation of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2024年第2期9卷 75-100页

作者： Ran Xiong Shunli Wang paul Takyi-Aninakwa Siyu Jin Carlos Fernandez Qi Huang Weihao Hu Wei Zhan School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyangChina School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang621010 China Mechanical Engineering from Kwame Nkrumah Uni-versity of Science and Technology Ghana Northeastern University ShenyangChina Robert Gordon University Scotland Southwest University of Science and Technology(SWUST) Mian-yangChina University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ChengduChina Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’anChina SPIC Southwest Energy Research Institute ChengduChina

Efficient and accurate health state estimation is crucial for lithium-ion battery(LIB)performance monitoring and economic evaluation.Effectively estimating the health state of LIBs online is the key but is also the most difficult task for energy storage systems.With high adaptability and applicability advantages,battery health state estimation based on data-driven techniques has attracted extensive attention from researchers around the world.Artificial neural network(ann)-based methods are often used for state estimations of LIBs.As one of the ann methods,the Elman neural network(ENN)model has been improved to estimate the battery state more efficiently and accurately.In this paper,an improved ENN estimation method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and cuckoo search(CS)is established as the EIS-CS-ENN model to estimate the health state of LIBs.Also,the paper conducts a critical review of various ann models against the EIS-CS-ENN model.This demonstrates that the EIS-CS-ENN model outperforms other models.The review also proves that,under the same conditions,selecting appropriate health indicators(HIs)according to the mathematical modeling ability and state requirements are the keys in estimating the health state efficiently.In the calculation process,several evaluation indicators are adopted to analyze and compare the modeling accuracy with other existing methods.Through the analysis of the evaluation results and the selection of HIs,conclusions and suggestions are put forward.Also,the robustness of the EIS-CS-ENN model for the health state estimation of LIBs is verified.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery health state esti-mation elman neural network electrochemical imped-ance spectroscopy cuckoo search health indicators

Screening strategy for gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary cancers in cystic fibrosis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第9期13卷 1121-1131页

作者： Brett Hoskins paul Wasuwanich ann O Scheimann Wikrom Karnsakul Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionDepartment of PediatricsThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Department of Medicine University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States

Based on systematic review and meta-analysis,the risk for developing cancers in patients with cystic fibrosis(CF)is known to be significantly greater than in the general population,including site-specific cancers of the esophagus,small bowel,colon,liver,biliary tract,and pancreas.An even higher risk has been found in patients who have severe CF transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)genotypes or who have undergone organ transplantation and are immunosuppressed.The risk continues to rise as life expectancies steadily climb due to advancements in medical care and treatment for CF.The colorectal cancer risk is at such a high level that CF has now been declared a hereditary colon cancer syndrome by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.The CFTR gene has been stronglyassociated with the development of gastrointestinal(GI)cancers and mortality in the CF population.Even CF carriers have shown an increased rate of GI cancers compared to the general population.Several limitations exist with the reported guidelines for screening of GI and hepatopancreatobiliary cancers in the CF population,which are largely universal and are still emerging.There is a need for more precise screening based on specific risk factors,including CFTR mutation,medical co-morbidities(such as gastroesophageal reflux disease,distal intestinal obstruction syndrome,and diabetes mellitus),familial risks for each cancer,gender,age,and other factors.In this review,we propose changes to the guidelines for GI screening of patients with CF.With the development of CFTR modulators,additional studies are necessary to elucidate if there is an effect on cancer risk.

关键词： Colorectal cancer CFTR gene Cystic fibrosis Gastrointestinal cancer Hepatopancreatobiliary cancer Screening

Single-cell transcriptomes and runx2b-/- mutants reveal the genetic signatures of intermuscular bone formation in zebrafish

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National Science Review 2022年第11期9卷 97-107页

作者： Chun-Hong Nie Shi-Ming Wan Yu-Long Chen ann Huysseune Ya-Ming Wu Jia-Jia Zhou Alexandre Wagner Silva Hilsdorf Wei-Min Wang paul Eckhard Witten Qiang Lin Ze-Xia Gao College of Fisheries Key Lab of Freshwater Animal BreedingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Lab of Agricultural Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Ministry of EducationEngineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Ministry of Education Huazhong Agricultural University Hubei Hongshan Laboratory CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biology Ghent University Unit of Biotechnology University of Mogi das Cruzes Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture

Intermuscular bones(IBs) are mineralized spicules, present in the myosepta of many, but not all, teleost species. IBs are often small and sharp, and they consequently limit how the fish can be processed; the IBs may cause injury or trauma if lodged in consumers’ throats or mouths, and therefore affect the appeal of the fish to many consumers. The development of IBs in teleosts is still not fully understood and the molecular basis of IB development remains to be established. Here, the characteristics of IB tissue are evaluated based on single-cell transcriptomics in wild-type zebrafish. The analysis defined 18 distinct cell types.Differentiation trajectories showed that IBs are derived from tendons and that a core tendon-osteoblast cell lineage is related to IB formation. In particular, the functions of 10 candidate genes were evaluated via CRISPR-Cas9 mutants. Among those, runx2b-/-mutants completely lost IBs, while swimming performance, growth and bone mineral density were not significantly different from runx2b+/+zebrafish.Comparative single-cell RNA sequencing(sc RNA-seq) analysis in runx2b-/-and runx2b+/+zebrafish revealed the role of osteoblasts in IB formation. In addition, differentially expressed genes were enriched in the transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein(TGF-β/BMP) pathway after runx2b deletion. This study provides evidence for the crucial role of runx2b regulation in IB formation. Genetic breeding can target runx2b regulation and generate strains of commercial fish species without IBs, which can improve the safe consumption and economic value of many farmed fish species.

关键词： teleosts zebrafish intermuscular bones scRNA-seq tendon-osteoblast cell lineage runx2b genetic breeding

Mapping the multi-hazards risk index for coastal block of Sundarban,India using AHP and machine learning algorithms

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2022年第4期11卷 225-243页

作者： Pintu Mandal Arabinda Maiti Sayantani paul Subhasis Bhattacharya Suman paul Dept.of Geography Sidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityPuruliaW.B.India Dept.of Geography Vidyasagar UniversityMedinipurW.B.India Dept.of Economics Calcutta UniversityKolkataW.B.India Dept.of Economics Sidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityPuruliaW.B.India

Global climate change,climate extremes,and overuse of natural resources are all major contributors to the risk brought on by cyclones.In I West Bengal state of India,the Pathar Pratima Block frequently experiences a variety of risks that result in significant loss of life and livelihood.In order to govern coastal society,it is crucial to measure and map the multi-hazards risk status.To depict the multi-hazards vulnerability and risk status,no cutting-edge models are currently being applied.Predicting distinct physical vulnerabilities is possible using a variety of cutting-edge machine learning techniques.This study set out to precisely describe multi-hazard risk using powerful machine learning methods.This study involved the use of Analytic Hierarchical Analysis and two cutting-edge machine-learning algorithms-Random Forest and Artificial Neural Network,which are yet underutilized in this area.The multi-hazards risk was determined by taking into account six criteria.The southern and eastern regions of the research area are clearly identified by the multi-hazards risk maps as having high to extremely high hazards risk levels.Cyclonic hazards and embankment breaching are the main dominant factors among the multi-hazards.The machine learning approach is the most accurate model for mapping the multi-hazards risk where the ROC result of Random forest and artificial neural network is more than the conventional method AHP.Here RF is the most validated model than the other two.The effectiveness,root mean square error,true skill statistics,Friedman and Wilcoxon rank test,and area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic tests were used to evaluate the prediction capacity of newly constructed models.The RMSE values of 0.24 and 0.26,TSS values of 0.82 and 0.73,and AUC values of 88.20%and 89.10%as produced by RF and ann models,respectively,were all excellent.

关键词： Cyclone Livelihood Multi-hazards Risk Machine-learning

Yield of tuberculosis among household contacts of tuberculosis patients in Accra,Ghana

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 155-162页

作者： Sally-ann Ohene Frank Bonsu Nii Nortey Hanson-Nortey Adelaide Sackey Samuel Danso Felix Afutu paul Klatser Mirjam Bakker World Health Organization Country Office 29 Volta Street AirportAirport Residential AreaP.O.Box MB 142AccraGhana National Tuberculosis Control Program AccraGhana Department of Global Health Academic Medical CentreAmsterdam Institute of Global Health and DevelopmentAmsterdamThe Netherlands KIT Health Royal Tropical Institute(KIT)AmsterdamThe Netherlands

Background:The End TB Strategy calls for systematic screening of selected high-risk groups including contacts of tuberculosis(TB)cases to facilitate early TB case detection.Contact investigation is not usually routinely practiced in low TB burden countries,such as Ghana,with consequent paucity of data on the yield of TB case detection from such interventions.This study’s objective was to document the outcomes and feasibility of implementing contact investigation activities under programmatic conditions in Ghana.Methods:Retrospective analyses were conducted of abstracted data from the National TB Program,following a contact investigation intervention for TB cases diagnosed in 10 facilities in Accra from June 2010 to December 2014.Various proportions and yield from number of contacts needed to screen(NNS)and number needed to test(NNT)to detect a TB case were assessed.Results:Overall,out of the 8519 listed contacts of 3267 index cases,8166(96%)were screened and 614(7.5%)were identified as presumptive TB.Out of these,438(71%)underwent sputum smear microscopy/evaluation and 53 TB cases were diagnosed.Of these,56.6%were males,and 49%had sputum smear-positive TB,38%had sputum smear-negative TB,and 7%had extra-pulmonary TB.The NNS and NNT to detect a TB case of all forms were 154 and 8,respectively.The proportion of TB cases with contacts listed and proportion of contacts screened annually were 88-96%and 83-100%,respectively.The proportion of presumptive TB cases tested and proportion of TB cases diagnosed among contacts tested that were 100%and 36%,respectively,in 2010 dropped to 40%and 14%,respectively,by 2014.Conclusions:The study demonstrates that contact identification and prioritization components of a contact investigation were feasible,but overall yield of TB cases may have been lower due to the declining rate of clinical evaluation of presumptive TB contacts over time.Addressing barriers to accessing appropriate diagnostic tests may enhance yield from contact investigation in Ghana.

关键词： Ghana Tuberculosis Tuberculosis contact investigation Screening

Kidney health for all: bridging the gap in kidney health education and literacy

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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 2022年第1期31卷 1-8页

作者： Robyn G.Langham Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh ann Bonner Alessandro Balducci Li-Li Hsiao Latha A.Kumaraswami paul Laffin Vassilios Liakopoulos Gamal Saadi Ekamol Tantisattamo Ifeoma Ulasi Siu-Fai Lui for the World Kidney Day Joint Steering Committee St.Vincent’s Hospital Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Kidney TransplantationDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California IrvineOrangeCaliforniaUSA School of Nursing and Midwifery Griffith UniversitySouthportQueenslandAustralia Italian Kidney Foundation RomeItaly Brigham and Women’s Hospital Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Tamilnad Kidney Research(TANKER)Foundation The International Federation of Kidney Foundations-World Kidney Alliance(IFKF-WKA)ChennaiIndia International Society of Nephrology BrusselsBelgium Division of Nephrology and Hypertension 1st Department of Internal MedicineAHEPA HospitalAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece Nephrology Unit Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineCairo UniversityGizaEgypt Renal Unit Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of NigeriaItuku-OzallaEnuguNigeria International Federation of Kidney Foundations-World Kidney Alliance The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina The World Kidney Day Joint Steering Committee is listed in the Appendix

The high burden of kidney disease,global disparities in kidney care,and poor outcomes of kidney failure bring a concomitant growing burden to persons affected,their families,and carers,and the community at large.Health literacy is the degree to which persons and organizations have or equitably enable individuals to have the ability to find,understand,and use information and services to make informed health⁃related decisions and actions for themselves and others.Rather than viewing health literacy as a patient deficit,improving health literacy largely rests with health care providers communicating and educating effectively in codesigned partnership with those with kidney disease.For kidney policy makers,health literacy provides the imperative to shift organizations to a culture that places the person at the center of health care.The growing capability of and access to technology provides new opportunities to enhance education and awareness of kidney disease for all stakeholders.Advances in telecommunication,including social media platforms,can be leveraged to enhance persons’and providers’education;The World Kidney Day declares 2022 as the year of“Kidney Health for All”to promote global teamwork in advancing strategies in bridging the gap in kidney health education and literacy.Kidney organizations should work toward shifting the patient⁃deficit health literacy narrative to that of being the responsibility of health care providers and health policy makers.By engaging in and supporting kidney health-centered policy making,community health planning,and health literacy approaches for all,the kidney communities strive to prevent kidney diseases and enable living well with kidney disease.

关键词： educational gap empowerment health literacy health policy information technology kidney health partnership prevention social media

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Apoptosis is not an invariable component of in vitro models of cortical cerebral ischaemia

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Cell Research 2004年第3期14卷 241-250页

作者： paul Alexander JONES Gillian Ruth MAY Joyce ann MCLUCKIE Akinori IWASHITA John SHARKEY Fujisawa Institute of Neuroscience Division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square UK Medical Information Eli Lilly and Company Ltd Lilly House Priestley Road Basingstoke RG24 9NL Fujisawa Institute of Neurosdence Division of Neuroscience Medicinal Biology Research Laboratories Fujisawa Pharmaceuticals Co.Ltd. 2-1-6 Kashima Yodogawa-ku Osaka 532-5814 Japan

Characterising the mechanisms of cell death following focal cerebral ischaemia has been hampered by a lack of an in vitro assay emulating both the apoptotic and necrotic features observed in vivo. The present study systematically characterised oxygen-glucose-deprivation （OGD） in primary rat cortical neurones to establish a reproducible model with components of both cell-death endpoints. OGD induced a time-dependent reduction in cell viability, with 80% cell death occurring 24 h after 3 h exposure to 0% O2 and 0.5 mM glucose. Indicative of a necrotic component to OGD induced cell death, N-methyl-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptor inhibition with MK-801 attenuated neuronal loss by 60%. The lack of protection by the caspase inhibitors DEVD-CHO and z-VAD-fmk suggested that under these conditions neurones did not die by an apoptotic mechanism. Moderating the severity of the insult by decreasing OGD exposure to 60 min did not reduce the amount of necrosis, but did induce a small degree of apoptosis (a slight reductio

关键词： oxygen-glucose-deprivation caspase cortical necrosis.

Schistosoma mansoni proteins attenuate gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第6期16卷 703-712页

作者： Nathalie E Ruyssers Benedicte Y De Winter Joris G De Man Natacha D Ruyssers ann J Van Gils Alex Loukas Mark S Pearson Joel V Weinstock paul A Pelckmans Tom G Moreels Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Antwerp Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Queensland Institute of Medical Research 4006 Brisbane Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology Tufts New England Medical Center

AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) soluble worm proteins on gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice. METHODS:Colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of trinitrobenzene sulphate(TNBS) and 6 h later,mice were treated ip with S.mansoni proteins.Experiments were performed 5 d after TNBS injection.Inflammationwas quantified using validated inflammation parameters. Gastric emptying and geometric center were measured to assess in vivo gastrointestinal motility.Peristaltic activity of distal colonic segments was studied in vitro using a modified Trendelenburg set-up.Cytokine profiles of T-lymphocytes isolated from the colon were determined by real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:Intracolonic injection of TNBS caused severe colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins significantly ameliorated colonic inflammation after 5 d.TNBS did not affect gastric emptying but significantly decreased the geometric center and impaired colonic peristaltic activity 5 d after the induction of colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins ameliorated these in vivo and in vitro motility disturbances.In addition,TNBS injection caused a downregulation of effector T cell cytokines after 5 d,whereas a S.mansoni protein effect was no longer observed at this time point. CONCLUSION:Treatment with S.mansoni proteins attenuated intestinal inflammation and ameliorated motility disturbances during murine experimental colitis.

关键词： Schistosoma mansoni Helminth proteins Colitis Peristalsis Crohn’s disease Gastrointestinal motility Trinitrobenzene sulphate