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Disparities in Oral Health among School-Aged Children in Kansas

Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015年第6期5卷 291-298页

作者： Frank Dong Elizabeth Ablah Robert Hines ann lazar Judy Johnston Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health University of Kansas School of Medicine Wichita USA University of California School of Dentistry San Francisco CA USA

Background: The effects of age, rural-urban geographic location, and percentage of Free and Reduced Price Meal Program (FRPMP) participation on children’s oral health outcome measures (untreated decay, treated decay, and sealants) have not been fully explored in Kansas. Methods: The current study utilized a surveillance sample of 140,217 children (grades K through 12) attending 200 schools in Kansas, which requested screening assistance from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) from 2012 to 2013. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant factors associated with oral health outcome measures. Results: Older children were associated with decreased odds of having untreated decay, and increased odds of having treated decay and sealants. Children attending very rural schools had increased odds of untreated and treated decay and decreased odds of presence of sealants. For every 5% increase in the school-level %FRPMP, the odds of having untreated and treated decay increased by 5% and 3%, respectively. However, %FRPMP was not statistically associated with the presence of sealants. Conclusions: Children attending schools in very rural and rural areas appear to have worse oral health outcomes, as measured by higher proportions of untreated and treated decay, and a smaller proportion of presence of sealants.

关键词： Untreated Decay Treated Decay Sealants School Children Rural Age

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Development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and the influence of estrogen-like compounds

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第29期8卷 2763-2774页

作者： Zhen He Sherry ann Ferguson Li Cui lazar John Greenfield Merle Gale Paule Division of Neurotoxicology National Center for Toxicological ResearchFood and Drug Administration Department of Neurology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

One of the well-defined sexually dimorphic structures in the brain is the sexually dimorphic nucleus, a cluster of cells located in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The rodent sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area can be delineated histologically using conventional Nissl staining or immunohistochemically using calbindin D28K immunoreactivity. There is increasing use of the cal- bindin D28K-delineated neural cluster to define the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in rodents. Several mechanisms are proposed to underlie the processes that contribute to the sexual dimorphism （size difference） of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Recent evidence indicates that stem cell activity, including proliferation and migration presumably from the 3^rd ventricle stem cell niche, may play a critical role in the postnatal development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and its distinguishing sexually dimorphic feature： a signifi-cantly larger volume in males. Sex hormones and estrogen-like compounds can affect the size of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Despite considerable research, it remains un-clear whether estrogen-like compounds and/or sex hormones increase size of the sexually dimor-phic nucleus of the preoptic area via an increase in stem cell activity originating from the 3^rd ventricle stern cell niche.

关键词： neural regeneration review sexual orientation sexual behavior calbindin D28K estrogen-likecompound bisphenol A neural stem cells grants-supported paper neuroregeneration

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