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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第8期 20-22,43-45页

作者： Mary ann thomas Norman Winter 不详

每个人都可以是博物学家查尔斯·毕尔是那种会把蛇放进口袋里的孩子。郊区可能会很无聊。草坪和道路无法为好奇的男孩提供多样的生物。不过,不久之前退休的宾夕法尼亚州西部自然资源保护协会保护科学资深主任毕尔却找到了在野外消磨时... 详细信息

每个人都可以是博物学家查尔斯·毕尔是那种会把蛇放进口袋里的孩子。郊区可能会很无聊。草坪和道路无法为好奇的男孩提供多样的生物。不过,不久之前退休的宾夕法尼亚州西部自然资源保护协会保护科学资深主任毕尔却找到了在野外消磨时间的方式。

关键词：自然资源保护宾夕法尼亚州博物学家大自然

Application of the Population Health Approach to Drinking Water System Surveillance

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环境与职业医学 2007年第1期24卷 117-119页

作者： Deborah Kelly Barnard Esther Parker ann thomas Population Health Epidemiologist Population Health Surveillance Unit

A drinking water supply is a complicated system in its construction,operation,maintenance and need for public health surveillance.

关键词： drinking water surveillance british columbia canada

miRNA expression profiles in cerebrospinal fluid and blood of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia-an exploratory study

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2016年第1期5卷 40-51页

作者： Sofie Sølvsten Sørensen ann-Britt Nygaard thomas Christensen Department of Neurology Copenhagen University HospitalNordsjællands HospitalDyrehavevej 293400 HillerødDenmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry Copenhagen University HospitalNordsjællands HospitalDyrehavevej 293400 HillerødDenmark

Background:MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small non-coding RNA molecules that function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene *** of miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and blood have just started gaining attention as a novel diagnostic tool for various neurological *** purpose of this exploratory investigation was to analyze the expression of miRNAs in CSF and blood of patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and other neurodegenerative disorders in order to identify potential miRNA biomarker candidates able to separate AD from other types of ***:CSF was collected by lumbar puncture performed on 10 patients diagnosed with AD and 10 patients diagnosed with either vascular dementia,frontotemporal dementia or dementia with Lewy *** samples were taken immediately *** RNA was extracted from cell free fractions of CSF and plasma,and a screening for 372 known miRNA sequences was carried out by real time quantitative polymerase chain reactions(miRCURY LNA™Universal RT miRNA PCR,Polyadenylation and cDNA synthesis kit,Exiqon).Results:Fifty-two miRNAs were detected in CSF in at least nine out of ten patients in both *** these,two miRNAs(let-7i-5p and miR-15a-5p)were found significantly up-regulated and one miRNA(miR-29c-3p)was found significantly down-regulated in patients with AD compared to *** hundred and sixty-eight miRNAs were frequently detected in the blood,among which miR-590-5p and miR-142-5p were significantly up-regulated and miR-194-5p was significantly down-regulated in AD patients compared to ***:Detection of miRNA expression profiles in blood and in particular CSF of patients diagnosed with different types of dementia is feasible and it seems that several expressional differences between AD and other dementia types do exist when measured in a clinically relevant *** this explorative pilot study,the deregulated miRNAs in CSF of AD patients may be associated with relevant targ

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Dementia Neurodegenerative disease miRNA expression Diagnostic biomarker Cerebrospinal fluid Blood

Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis treated with current standards of care

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第18期26卷 2221-2231页

作者： Anuj Bohra thomas Worland Samuel Hui Ryma Terbah ann Farrell Marcus Robertson Department of Gastroenterology Monash HealthClayton 3168VictoriaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine School of Clinical SciencesMonash UniversityClayton 3168VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a reversible neuropsychiatric complication of liver cirrhosis and occurs in up to 50%of cirrhotic *** examining the prognostic significance of HE are limited despite the high prevalence in *** To define the clinical outcomes of patients after an episode of HE treated with current *** All patients hospitalised with HE requiring Rifaximin to 3 tertiary centres over46-mo(2012–2016)were identified via pharmacy dispensing *** with hepatocellular carcinoma and those prescribed Rifaximin prior to admission were *** records were reviewed to determine baseline characteristics and *** Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival *** survival analysis was performed with variables reaching statistical significance included in a multivariate *** primary outcome was 12-mo mortality following commencement of ***188 patients were *** age was 57 years(IQR 50-65),71%were male and median model for end stage liver disease and Child Pugh scores were 25(IQR 18-31)and 11(IQR 9-12)*** most common causes of cirrhosis were alcohol(62%),hepatitis C(31%)and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(20%).A precipitating cause for HE was found in 92%patients with infection(43%),GI bleeding(16%),medication non-compliance(15%)and electrolyte imbalance(14%)the most *** a mean follow up period of 12±13 mo 107(57%)patients died and 32(17%)received orthotopic liver *** common causes of death were decompensated chronic liver disease(57%)and sepsis(19%).The probability of survival was 44%and 35%at 12-and 24-mo *** multivariate analysis a model for end stage liver disease>15 and international normalised ratio reached statistical significance in predicting *** Despite advances made in the management of HE patients continue to have poor ***,in all patients

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Cirrhosis Portal hypertension Prognosis Rifaximin Lactulose

The role of radiotherapy in localised and locally advanced prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2019年第2期6卷 153-161页

作者： Michel Bolla ann Henry Malcom Mason thomas Wiegel Department of Radiation Oncology Grenoble Alpes UniversityGrenobleFrance Department of Clinical Oncology St.James’s University HospitalLeedsUK Cardiff University Velindre HospitalWhitchurchUK Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital UlmGermany

For a patient suffering from non-metastatic prostate cancer,the individualized recommendation of radiotherapy has to be the fruit of a multidisciplinary approach in the context of a Tumor Board,to be explained carefully to the patient to obtain his informed *** beam radiotherapy is now delivered by intensity modulated radiotherapy,considered as the gold *** a radiotherapy perspective,low-risk localized prostate cancer is treated by image guided intensity modulated radiotherapy,or brachytherapy if patients meet the required eligibility ***-risk patients may benefit from intensity modulated radiotherapy combined with 4e6 months of androgen deprivation therapy;intensity modulated radiotherapy alone or combined with brachytherapy can be offered to patients unsuitable for androgen deprivation therapy due to co-morbidities or unwilling to accept it to preserve their sexual ***-risk prostate cancer,***-risk localized and locally advanced prostate cancer,requires intensity modulated radiotherapy with long-term(≥2 years)androgen deprivation therapy with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone ***-operative irradiation,either immediate or early deferred,is proposed to patients classified as pT3pN0,based on surgical margins,prostate-specific antigen values and quality of *** the techniques and their degree of sophistication,quality assurance plays a major role in the management of radiotherapy,requiring the involvement of physicians,physicists,dosimetrists,radiation technologists and computer *** patients must be informed about the potential morbidity of radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy and followed regularly during and after treatment for tertiary prevention and evaluation.A close cooperation is needed with general practitioners and specialists to prevent and mitigate side effects and maintain quality of life.

关键词： Localized prostate cancer Locally advanced prostate cancer Brachytherapy Intensity modulated radiotherapy Short-term and longterm androgen deprivation therapy

Water, Air Emissions, and Cost Impacts of Air-Cooled Microturbines for Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems： A Case Study in the Atlanta Region

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Engineering 2016年第4期2卷 470-480页

作者： Jean-ann James Valerie M. thomas Arka Pandit Duo Li John C. Crittenden Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta CA 30332 USA School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta CA 30332 USA H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA School of Public Policy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta CA 30332 USA Crittenden and Associates Beijing 100102 China

城市化进程的加快意味着城市和国际组织需要去寻找各种能够提高能源效率和减少空气中污染物排放的方法。冷热电联产(CCHP)系统可以同时供暖、制冷和发电,具有提高城市或城市区域能源发电效率的潜力。本研究的目的是在满足建筑热需求(供... 详细信息

城市化进程的加快意味着城市和国际组织需要去寻找各种能够提高能源效率和减少空气中污染物排放的方法。冷热电联产(CCHP)系统可以同时供暖、制冷和发电,具有提高城市或城市区域能源发电效率的潜力。本研究的目的是在满足建筑热需求(供热和制冷)的各种运行条件下,对亚特兰大大都市区内的五种常见建筑类型在采用CCHP系统时的发电耗水、CO_2和NO_x排放,及其经济性进行评价。对于大多数采用或不采用净计量策略的建筑类型来说,以满足每小时热需求去运行CCHP系统均可减少CO_2的排放量。该系统能否对这些建筑类型产生经济效益,主要取决于天然气的价格、净计量策略的采用和假定的CCHP系统的成本结构。当建筑物采用净计量策略并且CCHP系统是以满足建筑物每年的最大热需求而运行时,CCHP系统的发电耗水量和NO_x的排放量均有最大限度的减少,尽管此时该运行情景会增加温室气体排放和发电成本。CCHP系统对中型办公楼、大型办公楼和多户型住宅建筑更经济、实用。

关键词：电力系统空气冷却供热成本亚特兰大微型燃气轮机空气污染冷热电联供系统二氧化碳排放

Regulation of cytokine gene expression by orosomucoid in neonatal swine adipose tissue

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 403-411页

作者： Timothy G.Ramsay Margo J.Stoll Le ann Blomberg thomas J.Caperna Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory USDA/ARSBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterUSDABeltsvilieMD 20705USA

Background： Porcine adipose tissue expresses orosomucoid（ORM1） mRNA, a protein with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Previous research has demonstrated that porcine ORM1 can reduce insulin stimulated glucose metabolism in porcine adipose tissue in vitro. The present study was designed to examine the preweaning ontogeny of ORM1 m RNA abundance in porcine subcutaneous adipose and to determine if ORM1 can regulate m RNA abundance of inflammatory cytokines that contribute to insulin resistance in primary cultures derived from neonatal porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue. Cultures were differentiated in vitro and subsequently the adipocyte containing cultures were incubated for 24 h with 0–5000 ng porcine ORM1/m L medium. Cultures were then harvested, total RNA extracted for use in reverse transcription and the m RNA abundance of cytokine m RNA quantified by real-time ***： ORM1 m RNA abundance within neonatal adipose tissue does not change from d 1 to d 21 of age and is a very small fraction relative to liver m RNA abundance. The ORM1 m RNA level in porcine adipocytes and stromalvascular cells are similar（P 〉 0.05）. Treatment with ORM1 did not affect TNFα（tumor necrosis factor α） m RNA level（P 〉 0.05）, while interleukin 6（IL6） m RNA abundance was reduced 32 % at 1,000 ng ORM1/m L（P 〈 0.01）. However,TNFα protein content in the cell culture media was reduced by ORM1 treatment（5,000 ng/m L, P 〈 0.05）, whereas ORM1 had no detectable effect on the media content of IL6（P 〉 0.05）. The reduction of macrophage migration inhibitory factor（MIF） m RNA abundance by ORM1 was dose dependent（P 〈 0.01）. Monocyte chemotactic protein（MCP） m RNA level was reduced 27 % by 1,000 ng ORM1/m L（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions： The data suggest that ORM1 has limited effects TNFα, IL6, MIF or MCP expression at the concentrations tested. Secondly, these cytokines do not appear to contribute to the reported insulin resistance induced by ORM1 in porcine adipose tissue in vitro as an in

关键词： Adipose Cytokines Neonate Orosomucoid Swine

Data-driven prediction of plate velocities and plate deformation of explosive reactive armor

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第12期18卷 2141-2149页

作者： Marvin Becker Andreas Klavzar thomas Wolf Melissa Renck Institute of Saint-Louis 5 Rue du Général Cassagnou68330Saint LouisCedexFrance Ecole Centrale de Lille CitéScientifique59651Villeneuve d'AscqCedexFrance

Explosive reactive armor(ERA)is currently being actively developed as a protective system for mobile devices against ballistic threats such as kinetic energy penetrators and shaped-charge *** mobility,the aim is to design a protection system with a minimal amount of required *** efficiency of an ERA is sensitive to the impact position and the timing of the ***,different designs have to be tested for several impact scenarios to identify the best *** analytical models are not predicting the behavior of the ERA accurately enough and experiments,as well as numerical simulations,are too time-consuming,a data-driven model to estimate the displacements and deformation of plates of an ERA system is proposed *** ground truth for the artificial neural network(ann)is numerical simulation results that are validated with *** ann approximates the plate positions for different materials,plate sizes,and detonation point positions with sufficient accuracy in *** a future investigation,the results from the model can be used to estimate the interaction of the ERA with a given ***,a measure for the effectiveness of an ERA can be ***,an optimal ERA can be designed and analyzed for any possible impact scenario in negligible time.

关键词： Artificial neural network Explosive reactive armor Finite element simulation Particle simulation Flash X-ray

Predicting ecological regime shift under climate change： New modelling techniques and potential of molecular-based approaches

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 403-417页

作者： Richard STAFFORD V. anne SMITH Dirk HUSMEIER thomas GRIMA Barbara-ann GUINN School of Applied Sciences Boumemouth University BH12 5BB UK School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews KY 16 9ST UK School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Glasgow G 12 8QW UK Department of Life Sciences University of Bedfordshire LU1 3JU UK

Ecological regime shift is the rapid transition from one stable community structure to another, often ecologically inferior, stable community. Such regime shifts are especially common in shallow marine communities, such as the transition of kelp forests to algal turfs that harbour far lower biodiversity. Stable regimes in communities are a result of balanced interactions between species, and predicting new regimes therefore requires an evaluation of new species interactions, as well as the resilience of the ‘stable’ position. While computational optimisation techniques can predict new potential regimes, predicting the most likely community state of the various options produced is currently educated guess work. In this study we integrate a stable regime optimisation approach with a Bayesian network used to infer prior knowledge of the likely stress of climate change (or, in practice, any other disturbance) on each component species of a representative rocky shore community model. Combining the results, by calculating the product of the match between resilient computational predictions and the posterior probabilities of the Bayesian network, gives a refined set of model predictors, and demonstrates the use of the process in determining community changes, as might occur through processes such as climate change. To inform Bayesian priors, we conduct a review of molecular approaches applied to the analysis of the transcriptome of rocky shore organisms, and show how such an approach could be linked to meas-ureable stress variables in the field. Hence species-specific microarrays could be designed as biomarkers ofin situstress, and used to inform predictive modelling approaches such as those described here.

关键词：分子生物学方法预测模型气候变化建模技术生态贝叶斯网络生物多样性社会结构

Promises and pitfalls of targeted agents in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第3期3卷 415-444页

作者： thomas E.Lew Mary ann Anderson John F.Seymour Department of Clinical Haematology The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreParkville 3050Australia. Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkville 3050Australia. Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkville 3050Australia.

Targeted agents have significantly improved outcomes for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia,particularly high-risk subgroups for whom chemoimmunotherapy previously offered limited *** classes of agent in particular,the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors(e.g.,ibrutinib)and the B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor,venetoclax,induce high response rates and durable remissions in the relapsed/refractory and frontline ***,maturing clinical data have revealed promises and pitfalls for both *** drugs induce remissions and disease control in the majority of patients,often in situations where modest efficacy would be expected with traditional chemoimmunotherapy ***,in the relapsed and refractory setting,both agents appear to be associated with an inevitable risk of disease relapse and *** patterns of resistance are being described for both agents but a common theme appears to be multiple sub-clonal drivers of disease *** these mechanisms and developing effective and safe methods to circumvent the emergence of resistance will determine the longer-term utility of these agents to improve patients’quality and length of *** drug combinations,optimised scheduling and sequencing of therapy will likely hold the key to achieving these important goals.

关键词： Chronic lymphocytic leukemia drug resistance venetoclax B-cell lymphoma 2 ibrutinib bruton tyrosine kinase idelalisib phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase