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Customizing droplet contents and dynamic ranges via integrated programmable picodroplet assembler

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2019年第1期5卷 376-387页

作者： Pengfei Zhang aniruddha kaushik Kuangwen Hsieh Tza-Huei Wang Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N.Charles StreetBaltimoreMD 21218USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N.Charles StreetBaltimoreMD 21218USA

Droplet microfluidic technology is becoming increasingly useful for high-throughput and high-sensitivity detection of biological and biochemical *** current droplet devices function by passively discretizing a single sample subject to a homogeneous or random reagent/reaction condition into tens of thousands of picoliter-volume droplets for *** their apparent advantages in speed and throughput,these droplet devices inherently lack the capability to customize the contents of droplets in order to test a single sample against multiple reagent conditions or multiple samples against multiple *** order to incorporate such combinatorial capability into droplet platforms,we have developed the fully Integrated Programmable Picodroplet *** platform is capable of generating customized picoliter-volume droplet groups from nanoliter-volume plugs which are assembled in situ on *** employing a combination of microvalves and flow-focusing-based discretization,our platform can be used to precisely control the content and volume of generated nanoliter-volume plugs,and thereafter the content and the effective dynamic range of picoliter-volume ***,we can use a single integrated device for continuously generating,incubating,and detecting multiple distinct droplet *** device successfully marries the precise control and on-demand capability of microvalve-based platforms with the sensitivity and throughput of picoliter droplet platforms in a fully automated monolithic *** device ultimately will find important applications in single-cell and single-molecule analyses.

关键词： dynamic generating precise

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Effect of a less permeable stronger soil layer on the stability of non-homogeneous unsaturated slopes

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第6期14卷 1462-1475页

作者： Nabarun DEY aniruddha SENGUPTA Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur 721302India

Slope failure occurs due to an increase in the saturation level and a subsequent decrease in matric suction in unsaturated *** paper presents the results of a series of centrifuge experiments and numerical analyses on a 55°inclined unsaturated sandy slope with less permeable,stronger silty sand layer inclusion within *** is observed that a less permeable,stronger silty sand layer in an otherwise homogeneous sandy soil slope hinders the infiltration of *** water content of the slope just above the stronger layer increases significantly,compared to *** shear band is found to initiate in a homogeneous sandy soil slope,whereas for a non-homogeneous slope,they initiate just above the less pervious,stronger layer.A discontinuity of the shear zone is also observed for the case of a non-homogeneous soil *** factor of safety of a non-homogeneous,unsaturated soil slope decreases because of the less permeable,stronger *** decreases significantly if this less permeable,stronger soil layer is located near the toe of the slope.

关键词： non-homogeneous slope stronger soil layer factor of safety centrifuge model test unsaturated soils

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Novel synthesis with an atomized microemulsion technique and characterization of nano-calcium carbonate(CaCO_3)/poly(methyl methacrylate) core-shell nanoparticles

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Particuology 2013年第6期11卷 760-767页

作者： aniruddha Chatterjee Satyendra Mishra University Institute of Chemical Technology North Maharashtra University

The synthesis of hard-core/soft-shell calcium carbonate （CaCO3）/poly（methyl methacrylate）（PMMA） hybrid structured nanoparticles （〈100nm） by an atomized microemulsion polymerization process is reported. The polymer chains were anchored onto the surface of nano-CaCO3 through use of a cou- pling agent, triethoxyvinyl silane （TEVS）. Ammonium persulfate （APS）, sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS） and n-pentanol were used as the initiator, surfactant and cosurfactant, respectively. The polymeriza- tion mechanism of the core-shell latex particles is discussed. The encapsulation of nano-CaCO3 by PMMA was confirmed using a transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The grafting percentage of the core-shell particles was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The nano-CaCO3/PMMA core-shell par- ticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The FTIR results revealed the existence of a strong interaction at the interface of the nano-CaCO3 particle and the PMMA, which implies that the polymer chains were successfully grafted onto the surface of the nano-CaCO3 particles through the link of the coupling agent, In addition, the TGA and DSC results indicated an enhancement of the thermal stability of the core-shell materials compared with that of the pure nano-PMMA, The nano-CaCO3/PMMA particles were blended into a polypropylene （PP） matrix by melt processing. It can also be observed using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） that the PMMA chains grafted onto the CaCO3 nanoparticles interfere with the aggregation of CaCO3 in the polymer matrix （PP matrix） and thus improve the compatibility of the CaCO3 nanoparticles with the PP matrix.

关键词： Atomized microemulsion Core-shell nanoparticles Thermal properties Compatibility of core-shell nanoparticles with polymer matrix

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Behavior of braced wall embedded in saturated liquefiable sand under seismic loading

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2021年第2期20卷 361-375页

作者： Sanku Konai aniruddha Sengupta Kousik Deb Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur 721302India

It is well known that the generation of excess pore water pressure and/or liquefaction in foundation soils during an earthquake often cause structural *** paper describes the behavior of a small-scale braced wall embedded in saturated liquefiable sand under dynamic *** table tests are performed in the laboratory on embedded retaining walls with single *** tests are conducted for different excavation depths and base *** influences of the peak magnitude of the ground motions and the excavation depth on the axial forces in the bracing,the lateral displacement and the bending moments in the braced walls are *** shake table tests are simulated numerically using FLAC 2D and the results are compared with the corresponding experimental *** pore water pressures developed in the soil are found to influence the behavior of the braced wall structures during a dynamic *** is found that the excess pore water pressure development in the soil below the excavation is higher compared to the soil beside the ***,the soil below the excavation level is more susceptible to the liquefaction compared to the soil beside the walls.

关键词： braced wall FLAC 2D liquefaction seismic analysis shake table test

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Seismic behavior of cantilever wall embedded in dry and saturated sand

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 690-705页

作者： Sanku KONAI aniruddha SENGUPTA Kousik DEB Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur 721302India

The embedded cantilever retaining walls are often required for excavation to construct the undergroundfacilities. Significant numbers of numerical and experimental studies have been performed to understand the behavior ofembedded cantilever retaining walls under static condition. However, very limited studies have been conducted on thebehavior of embedded retaining walls under seismic condition. In this paper, the behavior of a small scale modelembedded cantilever retaining wall in dry and saturated sand under seismic loading condition is investigated by shaketable tests in the laboratory and numerically using software FLAC2D. The embedded cantilever walls are subjected tosinusoidal dynamic motions. The behaviors of the cantilever walls in terms of lateral displacement and bending momentare studied with the variation of the two important design parameters, peak amplitude of the base motions and excavationdepth. The variation of the pore water pressures within the sand is also observed in the cases of saturated sand. Themaximum lateral displacement of a cantilever wall due to seismic loading is below 1% of the total height of the wall in drysand, but in case of saturated sand, it can go up to 12.75% of the total height of the wall.

关键词： embedded cantilever wall shake table test FLAC2D seismic loading,saturated and dry sand

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Behavior of braced excavation in sand under a seismic condition: experimental and numerical studies

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2018年第2期17卷 311-324页

作者： Sanku Konai aniruddha Sengupta Kousik Deb Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

The behavior of braced excavation in dry sand under a seismic condition is investigated in this paper.A series of shake table tests on a reduced scale model of a retaining wall with one level of bracing were conducted to study the effect of different design parameters such as excavation depth,acceleration amplitude and wall *** analyses using FLAC 2D were also performed considering one level of *** strut forces,lateral displacements and bending moments in the wall at the end of earthquake motion were compared with experimental *** study showed that in a post-seismic condition,when other factors were constant,lateral displacement,bending moment,strut forces and maximum ground surface displacement increased with excavation depth and the amplitude of base *** study also showed that as wall stiffness decreased,the lateral displacement of the wall and ground surface displacement increased,but the bending moment of the wall and strut forces *** net earth pressure behind the walls was influenced by excavation depth and the peak acceleration amplitude,but did not change significantly with wall *** force was the least affected parameter when compared with others under a seismic condition.

关键词： braced excavation shake table test seismic FLAC 2D displacement

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Transfer Matrix Approach for Two-State Scattering Problem with Arbitrary Coupling

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Chinese Physics Letters 2015年第7期32卷 5-8页

作者： Diwaker aniruddha Chakraborty School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Mandi

The present work deals with the calculation of transition probability between two diabatic potentials coupled by any arbitrary coupling. The method presented in this work is applicable to any type of coupling while for numerical calculations we have assumed the arbitrary coupling as Gaussian coupling. This arbitrary coupling is expressed as a collection of Dirac delta functions and by the use of the transfer matrix technique the transition probability from one diabatic potential to another diabatic potential is calculated. We examine our approach by considering the case of two constant potentials coupled by Gaussian coupling as an arbitrary coupling.

关键词： Transfer Matrix Approach for Two-State Scattering Problem with Arbitrary Coupling

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Effect of Graphene Nanoplate and Silicon Carbide Nanoparticle Reinforcement on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Magnesium Matrix Composites

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第11期30卷 1059-1070页

作者： aniruddha Das Sandip P.Harimkar School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA

Processing of magnesium （Mg） matrix composites reinforced with low reinforcement content （up to 4-5 vol.%） of graphene nanoplates （GNPs） and silicon carbide （SIC） nanoparticles using bait milling and spark plasma sintering （SPS） is reported. Near full densification was observed for all the composite compositions at the sintering temperature of 450 ~C （soaking time of 5 min and applied pressure of 50 MPa）. Detailed analysis of the microstructure and mechanical and tribological （under dry sliding contact with alumina counter-face） properties with reinforcement content in Mg-GNP and Mg-SiC is presented. Mg-GNP and Mg-SiC composites reinforced with about 2 vol.% of reinforcement content exhibited significant improvement in microhardness and wear resistance as compared with Mg compacts.

关键词： Microstructure and properties Wear Tribology Magnesium matrix composites

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Performance of sand and shredded rubber tire mixture as a natural base isolator for earthquake protection

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2015年第4期14卷 683-693页

作者： Srijit Bandyopadhyay aniruddha Sengupta G.R.Reddy Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Structural & Seismic Engineering Section Homi Bhaba National Institute

The performance of a well-designed layer of sand, and composites like layer of sand mixed with shredded rubber tire (RSM) as low cost base isolators, is studied in shake table tests in the laboratory. The building foundation is modeled by a 200 mm by 200 mm and 40 mm thick rigid plexi-glass block. The block is placed in the middle of a 1m by 1m tank filled with sand. The selected base isolator is placed between the block and the sand foundation. Accelerometers are placed on top of the footing and foundation sand layer. The displacement of the footing is also measured by LVDT. The whole setup is mounted on a shake table and subjected to sinusoidal motions with varying amplitude and frequency. Sand is found to be effective only at very high amplitude (> 0.65 g) of motions. The performance of a composite consisting of sand and 50% shredded rubber tire placed under the footing is found to be most promising as a low-cost effective base isolator.

关键词： shake table test base isolation shredded rubber tire model test

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Electro-magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Biofluid Induced by Peristaltic Wave： A Non-newtonian Model

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2016年第3期13卷 436-448页

作者： Gopal Chandra Shit Nayan Kumar Ranjit aniruddha Sinha Department of Mathematics Jadavpur University Kolkata - 700032 India Yogoda Satsanga Palpara Mahavidyalaya Purba Medinipur - 721458 India

This article aims to develop a mathematical model for peristaltic transport of magnetohydrodynamic flow of biofluids through a micro-channel with rhythmically contracting and expanding walls under the influence of an applied electric field. The couple stress fluid model is considered to represent the non-Newtonian characteristics ofbiofluids. The velocity slip condition at the channel walls is taken into account because of the hyclrophilic/hydrophobic interaction with negatively charged walls. The essential features of the electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of biofluid through micro-channels are clearly highlighted in the variations of the non-dimensional parameters of the physical quantities of interest such as the velocity, wall shear stress, pressure gradient, pressure rise per wave length, frictional force at the channel walls and the distribution of stream function. It reveals that the flow ofhiofluid is appreciably influenced by the sufficient strength of externally applied magnetic field and electro-osmotic parameter. The velocity slip condition reduces the frictional force at the channel wall. Moreover, the formation of the trapping bolus strongly depends on electro-osmotic parameter and magnetic field strength.

关键词： peristaltic transport couple stress fluid magnetohydrodynamics electro-osmosis

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