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Colonic ulcerations may predict steroid-refractory course in patients with ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 2023-2028页

作者： animesh jain Evan J Lipson William H Sharfman Steven R Brant Mark G Lazarev Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill Department of Oncology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine

AIM To investigate management of patients who develop ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis, including association of endoscopic findings with steroid-refractory symptoms and utility of infliximab as second-line *** We retrospectively reviewed all patients at our centerwith metastatic melanoma who were treated with ipilimumab between March 2011 and May 2014. All patients received a standard regimen of intravenous ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 wk for four doses or until therapy was stopped due to toxicity or disease progression. Basic demographic and clinical data were collected on all patients. For patients who developed grade 2 or worse diarrhea(increase of 4 bowel movements per day), additional data were collected regarding details of gastrointestinal symptoms, endoscopic findings and treatment course. Descriptive statistics were *** A total of 114 patients were treated with ipilimumab during the study period and all were included. Sixteen patients(14%) developed ≥ grade 2 diarrhea. All patients were treated with high-dose corticosteroids(1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily or equivalent). Nine of 16 patients(56%) had ongoing diarrhea despite highdose steroids. Steroid-refractory patients received one dose of intravenous infliximab at 5 mg/kg, and all but one had brisk resolution of diarrhea. Fourteen of the patients underwent either colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy with variable endoscopic findings, ranging from mild erythema to colonic ulcers. Among 8 patients with ulcers demonstrated by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, 7 patients(88%) developed steroidrefractory symptoms requiring infliximab. With a median follow-up of 264 d, no major adverse events associated with prednisone or infliximab were *** In patients with ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis, the presence of colonic ulcers on endoscopy was associated with a steroid-refractory course.

关键词： Ipilimumab Melanoma Enterocolitis Colitis Infliximab Corticosteroid Colonic ulcer

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Heat load of a GaAs photocathode in an SRF electron gun

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Chinese Physics C 2011年第4期35卷 387-391页

作者：王尔东 Jrg Kewisch Ilan Ben-Zvi Andrew Burrill Trivini Rao 吴琼 animesh jain Ramesh Gupta Doug Holmes 赵夔 Institute of Heavy Ion Physics Peking University Brookhave National Lab Advance Energy System

A great deal of effort has been made over the last decades to develop a better polarized electron source for high energy physics. Several laboratories operate DC guns with a gallium arsenide photocathode, which yield a highly polarized electron beam. However, the beam’s emittance might well be improved by using a superconducting radio frequency （SRF） electron gun, which delivers beams of a higher brightness than that from DC guns because the field gradient at the cathode is higher. SRF guns with metal and CsTe cathodes have been tested successfully. To produce polarized electrons, a Gallium-Arsenide photo-cathode must be used： an experiment to do so in a superconducting RF gun is under way at BNL. Since a bulk gallium arsenide （GaAs） photocathode is normal conducting, a problem arises from the heat load stemming from the cathode. We present our measurements of the electrical resistance of GaAs at cryogenic temperatures, a prediction of the heat load and verification by measuring the quality factor of the gun with and without the cathode at 2 K. We simulate heat generation and flow from the GaAs cathode using the ANSYS program. By following the findings with the heat load model, we designed and fabricated a new cathode holder （plug） to decrease the heat load from GaAs.

关键词： SRF gun GaAs photocathode heat load 2 K test

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