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Immersible ergocycle prescription as a function of relative exercise intensity

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第2期6卷 219-224页

作者： Mauricio Garzon Mathieu Gayda anil nigam Alain-Steve Comtois Martin Juneau Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (EPIC) Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal Montreal Quebec HIT 1N6 Canada Research Center Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal Montreal Quebec H1T 1C8 Canada Department of Kinesiology University of Monireal Montreal Quebec H3T 1J4 Canada Department of Medicine University of Montreal Montreal Quebec H3T 1J4 Canada Kinanthropology Department University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM) Montreal Quebec H2X 1Y4 Canada

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between various expressions of relative exercise intensity percentage of maximal oxygen uptake(%VO_(2max)), percentage of maximal heart rate(%HR_(max)), %VO_2 reserve(%VO_2R), and %HR reserve(%HRR)) in order to obtain the more appropriate method for exercise intensity prescription when using an immersible ergocycle(IE) and to propose a prediction equation to estimate oxygen consumption(VO_2) based on IE pedaling rate(rpm) for an individualized exercise training ***: Thirty-three healthy participants performed incremental exercise tests on IE and dryland ergocycle(DE) at equal external power output(Pext). Exercise on IE began at 40 rpm and was increased by 10 rpm until exhaustion. Exercise on DE began with an initial load of 25 W and increased by 25 W/min until exhaustion. VO_2 was measured with a portable gas analyzer(COSMED K4b^2) during both incremental tests. On IE and DE, %VO_2R, %HRmax, and %HRR at equal Pext did not differ(p > 0.05).Results: The %HRR vs. %VO_2R regression for both IE and DE did not differ from the identity line %VO_2R IE = 0.99 × HRR IE(%) + 0.01(r^2= 0.91, SEE = 11%); %VO_2R DE = 0.94 × HRR DE(%) + 0.01(r^2= 0.94, SEE = 8%). Similar mean values for %HRmax, %VO_2R, and %HRR at equal Pext were observed on IE and DE. Predicted VO_2 obtained according to rpm on IE is represented by: VO_2(L/min) = 0.000542 × rpm2-0.026 × rpm + 0.739(r = 0.91, SEE = 0.319 L/min).Conclusion: The %HRR–%VO_2R relationship appears to be the most accurate for exercise training prescription on IE. This study offers new tools to better prescribe, control, and individualize exercise intensity on IE.

关键词：相对运动处方强度函数潜水运动强度资源储备预测公式 HRR

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代谢综合征对冠心病患者长期死亡率的影响

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第4期2卷 12-14页

作者： anil nigam Martial G. Bourassa Annik Fortier Marie-Claude Guertin Jean-Claude Tardif

代谢综合征包括了诸多冠心病(CHD)的危险因素,如肥胖、腹部脂肪沉积、糖代谢异常、脂质代谢异常和高血压.其中单个危险因素都可以增加心血管疾病的患病风险,代谢综合征本身可以增加无已知心血管疾病患者的心血管死亡率和全因死亡率.最... 详细信息

代谢综合征包括了诸多冠心病(CHD)的危险因素,如肥胖、腹部脂肪沉积、糖代谢异常、脂质代谢异常和高血压.其中单个危险因素都可以增加心血管疾病的患病风险,代谢综合征本身可以增加无已知心血管疾病患者的心血管死亡率和全因死亡率.最近公布的INTER-HEART研究结果显示,在传统的危险因素中,糖尿病、高血压和腹型肥胖共同导致了约50%的首次急性心肌梗死发病风险.但是,代谢综合征对已有CHD患者预后的影响尚未被充分研究.肥胖患者罹患急性心肌梗死时的年龄一般小于非肥胖患者,并且长期预后更差.另外,体重指数(BMI)升高已被证实是冠状动脉造影确诊CHD患者中急性冠状动脉综合征的危险因素.代谢综合征对稳定性CHD患者发生致死性和非致死性事件风险的影响尚不清楚.因此我们试图评估代谢综合征对可疑或已确诊CHD患者中、长期预后的影响,并确定代谢综合征中的某些异常因素是否对患者长期死亡风险具有比其他异常因素更明显的影响.

关键词：代谢综合征冠心病患者全因死亡率冠心病(CHD) 心血管疾病患者急性心肌梗死危险因素脂质代谢异常心血管死亡率腹型肥胖

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Linkage between Seasonal Insolation Gradient in the Tropical Northern Hemisphere and the Sea Surface Salinity of the Equatorial Indian Ocean during the Last Glacial Period

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第5期86卷 1265-1275页

作者： Saraswat RAJEEV nigam RAJIV Mackensen ANDREAS Weldeab SYEE Micropaleontology Laboratory National Institute of OceanographyGoaIndia Alfred Wegner Institute for Polar and Marine Research BremerhavenGermany Department of Earth Science University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraUSA

Paired stable oxygen isotope and Mg/Ca analyses in calcite tests of the mixed-layer-dwelling planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber has been used to reconstruct equatorial Indian Oceanδ18O of seawater （δ 18Osw ） over the last ~137 thousand years. On the basis of ice-volume-correctedδ18Osw （δ18Osw-ivc ）, relative changes in sea surface salinity （SSS） have been estimated. The SSS estimates suggest three episodes of higher SSS （131-113 thousand years before present （kyr BP）, 62-58 kyr BP, and 30-24 kyr BP） within the last glacial period as compared with the present. SSS comparison between interglacial episodes reveals that the surface seawater over the core site was significantly saltier during the penultimate interglacial than the Holocene. We suggest that the evolution of a seasonal insolation gradient between the Indian monsoon areas and the equator over the investigated time interval was instrumental in shaping the strength of the Indian winter and summer monsoons that left their imprints on the equatorial Indian Ocean SSS via freshwater input and wind-induced mixing. The study shows that the insolation difference between northern latitudes and the equator during winter affects monsoon strength in the Indian region, especially during cold intervals.

关键词： oxygen isotope Mg/Ca Globigerinoides ruber salinity insolation Indian Ocean

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Investigating the Hubble Tension Through Hubble Parameter Data

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第6期23卷 199-202页

作者： Rahul Kumar Thakur Shashikant Gupta Rahul nigam PK Thiruvikraman Avantika University Ujjain456006India G D Goenka University GurgaonHaryana122103India Birla Institute of Technology&Science Pilani-Hyderabad CampusIndia

The Hubble constant(H_0),which represents the expansion rate of the universe,is one of the most important cosmological *** recent measurements of H0using the distance ladder methods such as type Ia supernovae are significantly greater than the CMB measurements by *** difference points to a crisis in the standard model of cosmology termed Hubble *** this work we compare different cosmological models,determine the Hubble constant and comment on the Hubble tension using the data from differential ages of *** data we use are free from systematic effects as the absolute age estimation of the galaxies is not *** apply the Bayesian approach along with the commonly used maximum likelihood method to estimate H_0 and calculate the AIC scores to compare the different cosmological *** non-flat cosmological model provides a higher value for matter density as well as the Hubble constant compared to the flatΛCDM *** AIC score is smaller for the flatΛCDM cosmology compared to the non-flat model indicating the flat model a better *** best-fit values of H_0 for both these models are 68.7±3.1 km s^(-1)Mpc^(-1)and 72.2±4km s^(-1)Mpc^(-1),*** results are consistent with the CCHP ***,the flat model result does not agree with the SH0ES result,while the non-flat result is inconsistent with the Planck value.

关键词： (cosmology:)cosmological parameters galaxies:high-redshift (stars:)supernovae:general

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Measurement of Hubble constant: were differences in secondary distance indicators apparent as early as the HST Key Project?

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第3期21卷 97-106页

作者： Rahul Kumar Thakur Shashikant Gupta Rahul nigam PK Thiruvikraman Birla Institute of Technology&Science Pilani-Hyderabad CampusIndia G D Goenka University GurgaonHaryana122103India

Different measurements of the Hubble constant(H_(0))are not consistent,and a tension between the CMB based methods and cosmic distance ladder based methods has been *** from various distance based methods are also *** aggravate the problem,the same cosmological probe(TypeⅠa SNe for instance)calibrated through different methods also provides different values of H_(0).We compare various distance ladder based methods through the already available unique data obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope(HST).Our analysis is based on parametric(t-test)as well as non-parametric statistical methods such as the Mann-Whitney U test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov *** results show that different methods provide different values of H_(0) and the differences are statistically *** biases in the calibration would not account for these differences as the data have been taken from a single telescope with a common calibration *** unknown physical effects or issues with the empirical relations of distance measurement from different probes could give rise to these differences.

关键词： Cosmology Supernovae Hubble constant

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Modeling tropical river runoff: A time dependent approach

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2014年第3期6卷 247-256页

作者： Rashmi nigam Sudhir nigam Sushil K. Mittal Dept. of Mathematics University Institute of Technology Rajiv Gandhi Technical UniversityBhopal India Dept. of Civil Engineering Lakshmi Narain College of Technology & ScienceBhopal India Dept. of Civil Engineering Maulana Azad National Institute of TechnologyBhopal India

Forecasting of rainfall and subsequent river runoff is important for many operational problems and applications related to hydrology. Modeling river runoff often requires rigorous mathematical analysis of vast historical data to arrive at reasonable conclusions. In this paper we have applied the stochastic method to characterize and predict river runoffofthe perennial Kulfo River in southem Ethiopia. The time series analysis based auto regressive integrated moving average （ARIMA） approach is applied to mean monthly runoff data with 10 and 20 years spans. The varying length of the input runoff data is shown to influence the forecasting efficiency of the stochastic process. Preprocessing of the runoff time series data indicated that the data do not follow a seasonal pattern. Our forecasts were made using parsimonious non seasonal ARIMA models and the results were compared to actual 10-year and 20-year mean monthly runoff data of the Kulfo River. Our results indicate that river runoff forecasts based upon the 10-year data are more accurate and efficient than the model based on the 20-year time series.

关键词： flood warning stochastic process ARIMA evaluation univariate, performance error

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Realization of the first sub-shot-noise wide field microscope

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 737-743页

作者： nigam Samantaray Ivano Ruo-Berchera Alice Meda Marco Genovese INRIM Strada delle Cacce 91I-10135 TorinoItaly Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi24I-10129 TorinoItaly INFN Via P.Giuria 1I-10125 TorinoItaly

Recently,several proof of principle experiments have demonstrated the advantages of quantum technologies over classical *** present challenge is to surpass the limits of proof of principle demonstrations to approach real *** letter presents such an achievement in the field of quantum enhanced *** particular,we describe the realization of a sub-shot-noise wide field microscope based on spatially multi-mode non-classical photon number correlations in twin *** microscope produces realtime images of 8000 pixels at full resolution,for a 500μm2 field of view,with noise reduced to 80%of the shot noise level(for each pixel),which is suitable for absorption imaging of complex *** fast post-elaboration,specifically applying a quantum enhanced median filter,the noise can be further reduced(to o30%of the shot noise level)by setting a trade-off with the resolution,thus achieving the best sensitivity per incident photon reported in absorption microscopy.

关键词： imaging microscopy parametric down conversion sub-shot-noise

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Deterioration of Early Holocene coral reef due to sea level rise along west coast of India:Benthic foraminiferal testimony

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第5期3卷 697-705页

作者： Abhijit Mazumder Rajiv nigam Pravin J.Henriques Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany 53 University RoadLucknow 226 007India National Institute of Oceanography Dona PaulaGoa 403 004India Department St.Xavier's CollegeMahapalika MargMumbai 400 001India

A total of 103 surface sediment samples collected from the water depth range of 15-3300 m along Vijaydurg-Karwar stretch of central west coast of India were analyzed for foraminiferal content. Relict benthic foraminiferal assemblage was noted within 50--135 m water depth. The relict benthic foraminiferal assemblage that includes Amphistegina, Operculina and Alveolinella in sediment samples within the water depth of 85-- 135 m indicates presence of coral reef at this depth during Early Holocene. The presence of barnacle fouling on Relict foraminifera at 60--90 m confirms the paleo-shoreline. The shallow depth zone is characterized by presence of agglutinated relict foraminifera. The agglutinated forms indicate freshwater influx, which eventually increased the sea level and subsequently deteriorated the paleo-coral reef.

关键词： Relict benthicforaminifera Early Holocene coral reefPaleo-shoreline West coast of India Sea level rise

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How will Benthic Foraminifera Respond to Warming and Changes in Productivity ?: A Laboratory Culture Study on Cymbaloporetta plana

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第1期93卷 175-182页

作者： KURTARKAR R.Sujata SARASWAT Rajeev KAITHWAR Amrata nigam Rajiv Micropaleontology Laboratory Geological Oceanography Division National Institute of Oceanography

Anthropogenic activities are likely to cause global warming. Global warming will affect marine productivityand thus food availability for marine organisms. Both the seawater temperature and food availability affect benthicforaminifera, the most abundant marine calcareous microorganisms. Therefore, a laboratory culture experiment wasconducted on Cymbaloporetta plana to understand the coupled effect of temperature(25°C, 27°C, 30°C) and food(102±5,203±9, 305±14, 407±18, 508±23 diatom cells). At all temperatures, growth increased with increase in food. The specimenssubjected to 27°C temperature attained the maximum growth and those subjected to 25°C were the smallest. All specimensfed with 508±23 cells reproduced, 0 irrespective of temperature. Of all the specimens without food, 40% at 27°C and 20% at25°C reproduced, whereas specimens subjected to 30°C did not reproduce. The 100% rate of reproduction at 27°C suggeststhat it is the optimum temperature for growth and reproduction. All the specimens at 30°C and without additional food,died, whereas at 25°C and 27°C, the mortality rate was 80% and 60%, respectively. The limited growth and reproductionwith decreasing food clearly indicates that food availability also controls the growth and reproduction of shallow waterbenthic foraminifer C. plana. Therefore, warming coupled with decreasing productivity is likely to severely affect thegrowth and abundance of shallow water benthic foraminifera.

关键词： Cymbaloporetta plana culture experiment temperature food reproduction

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Abundance and Ecology of Endemic Asterorotalia trispinosa from the Western Bay of Bengal: Implications for its Application as a Paleomonsoon Proxy

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第6期91卷 2268-2282页

作者： Rajeev SARASWAT Manumalenki MANASA Thejasino SUOKHRIE Mohammad Syed SAALIM Rajiv nigam Micropaleontology Laboratory CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography

A total of 97 surface sediment samples were collected from the continental shelf and slope of the western Bay of Bengal to assess the potential application of Asterorotalia trispinosa as a paleomonsoon proxy. The relative abundance of living as well as total （living and dead） A. trispinosa ranges from being absent to a maximum of-31%. The highest abundance ofA. trispinosa is close to the outfall region of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Rivers and decreases away from the river mouths. Contrary to that, A. trispinosa is rare in front of both the Cauvery and Pennar river outfall regions, in the central part of the western Bay of Bengal. The living A. trispinosa abundance is the lowest in between two major river systems, viz. Ganga-Brahmaputra-Mahanadi and Krishna-Godavari. The relative abundance of both the total and living A. trispinosa is strongly positively correlated with ambient seawater temperature, and negatively correlated with %Corg and salinity. Based on the spatial distribution, we conclude that A. trispinosa is stenohaline in nature, rather than euryhaline, and further that the increased relative abundance of A. trispinosa indicates warmer and only marginally hyposaline environment. Even though the ecological preference of A. trispinosa suggests it as a potential paleomonsoon proxy, the restricted distribution implies limited application.

关键词： Asterorotalia trispinosa ecology paleomonsoon riverine influx Bay of Bengal

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