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Validation of the Satellite-Derived Rainfall Estimates over the Tibet

Acta meteorologica Sinica 2011年第6期25卷 734-741页

作者：除多普布顿珠罗布坚参 SAGAR Bajracharya MANDIRA shrestha 郭建平 Institute of Plateau Meteorology CMA Tibet Institute of Plateau Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences Tibet Weather Observatory Tibet Meteorological Service International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences CMA

Measuring rainfall from space appears to be the only cost effective and viable means in estimating regional precipitation over the Tibet, and the satellite rainfall products are essential to hydrological and agricultural modeling. A long-standing problem in the meteorological and hydrological studies is that there is only a sparse raingauge network representing the spatial distribution of precipitation and its quantity on small scales over the Tibet. Therefore, satellite derived quantitative precipitation estimates are extremely usefill for obtaining rainfall patterns that can be used by hydrological models to produce forecasts of river discharge and to delineate the flood hazard area. In this paper, validation of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration （NOAA） Climate Prediction Center （CPC） RFE （rainfall estimate） 2.0 data was made by using daily rainfall observations at 11 weather stations over different climate zones from southeast to northwest of the Tibet during the rainy season from 1 June to 30 September 2005 and 2006. Analysis on the time series of daily rainfall of RFE-CPC and observed data in different climate zones reveals that the mean correlation coefficients between satellite estimated and observed rainfall is 0.74. Only at Pali and Nielamu stations located in the southern brink of the Tibet along the Himalayan Mountains, are the correlation coefficients less than 0.62. In addition, continuous validations show that the RFE performed well in different climate zones, with considerably low mean error （ME） and root mean square error （RMSE） scores except at Nielamu station along the Himalayan range. Likewise, for the dichotomous validation, at most stations over the Tibet, the probability of detection （POD） values is above 73% while the false alarm rate （FAR） is between 1% and 12%. Overall, NOAA CPC RFE 2.0 products performed well in the estimation and monitoring of rainfall over the Tibet and can be used to analyze the precipitation pattern,

关键词： precipitation validation satellite rainfall estimation Tibetan Plateau

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Intestinal anisakiasis treated successfully with conservative therapy:Importance of clinical diagnosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第2期20卷 598-602页

作者： Santosh shrestha Akiko Kisino Makoto Watanabe Hirosi Itsukaichi Kazumitsu Hamasuna Giichiro Ohno Atsushi Tsugu Department of Gastro-Intestinal Surgery Tokatsu Hospital Chiba 270-0174 Japan

Intestinal anisakiasis is not only a rare parasitic disease,but is also difficult to *** symptoms are not specific and are often very severe and abrupt,and the findings of clinical imaging are very ***,intestinal anisakiasis is often misdiagnosed as acute abdomen or intestinal obstruction and is treated ***,if intestinal anisakiasis could be diagnosed correctly,it is well treated *** experienced three cases of intestinal anisakiasis,which were diagnosed correctly and treated successfully with conservative therapy.A correct clinical history and imaging interpretation helped us diagnose intestinal anisakiasis correctly and thus treat the patients successfully with conservative therapy.

关键词： Acute abdomen Computed tomography findings Clinica

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People’s perception and socioeconomic determinants of soil erosion:A case study of Samanalawewa watershed, Sri Lanka

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2010年第4期25卷 323-339页

作者： E.P.N. UDAYAKUMARA R.P.shrestha L.SAMARAKOON D.SCHMIDT-VOGT Natural Resource Management Field of Study School of Environment Resources and Development Asian Institute of Technology Natural Resources Management Field of Study School of Environment Resources and Development Asian Institute of Technology Geoinformatics Centre Asian Institute of Technology Centre of Mountain Ecosystem Studies Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences 3/F Library Building Heilongtan

Though soil erosion is an important concern in Sri Lanka, there is a dearth of baseline information on soil erosion in many ofits watersheds, which obstructs monitoring of soil erosion and mitigating its effects. In order to assess soil erosion in a critical watershed and to identify its determinants, the Samanalawewa watershed, which contains one of the main hydropower generating reservoirs in Sri Lanka, was selected for this study. Remote-sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) based modeling as well as field experiments were employed to assess and map soil erosion rates. Results indicated that the current rate of soil erosion ranges from 0 to 289 t/ha/yr, and that the average rate of soil erosion has been declining from 20 to 4 t/ha/yr over a period from 1986 to 2008. The current rate of soil erosion is, however, still about 14 to 33 times greater than the natural soil generation rate. Socioeconomic factors and peoples’ perception of soil erosion and soil conservation measures were examined using data collected through a household survey. Multiple regression analysis with eighteen covariates of socioeconomic characteristics yielded eleven socioeconomic variables, viz. household size, farm labor, education, land tenure, conservation cost, training, committee membership, professional competencies, income, distance, and financial capital as the predictor variables of soil erosion. Farmers identified improper soil and crop management practices as the major causes of erosion. The adoption of conservation measures, their effectiveness, and their impact on ecosystem services were also examined.

关键词： Soil erosion People perception Determinants of soil erosion Conservation measures Sri Lanka

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利用GIS和Dyna-CLUE模拟泰国东北部粮食作物保护区土地利用变化（英文）

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第5期29卷 803-817页

作者： SAKAYAROTE Kanda shrestha Rajendra P. Agricultural Land Reform Office Asian Institute of Technology

Land use in the northeast region of Thailand has changed dramatically in the past two decades. These changes are mainly due to the government policies, which launched a scheme to promote rubber plantation during 2003–2013 targeting to solve the problem of poverty in the region. At least 50,000 ha of paddy fields were found to be converted to other land use types between 2002 and 2012. This study was conducted in Nong Khai and Bueng Kan province of northeast Thailand, where massive rubber plantation is going on prompting significant amount of land-use change, with the objective of investigating how land-use changes will affect on food availability in future. We analyzed land-use changes of the past and simulated future land uses using GIS and Landsat Thematic Mapper Data. The most obvious change was the decrease in paddy field and an increase in rubber plantation. This eventually leads to decreased paddy production affecting food supply of farm households. The land use projections for 2032 were done for three scenarios using Dyna-CLUE model. Unlike business as usual scenario, which will further decrease the paddy area, other scenarios with different land use policies if implemented will help protect paddy areas and thus achieving higher food production locally. The lack of implementation of proper spatial policies will lead to a further loss of paddy areas at macro *** smallholder farmers may be highly vulnerable to land use-change and experience significant food crop losses, food insecurity and income loss when they change the land to rubber and there is market failure.

关键词： land-use change rubber plantation scenarios Dyna-CLUE northeast Thailand

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Electrocorticography with Direct Cortical Stimulation for a Left Temporal Glioma with Intractable Epilepsy

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2012年第1期27卷 54-56页

作者： Resha shrestha Kuo Li Wei Wang Hal-ping Lian Mao-de Wang Department of Neurosurgery First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University

ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHY (ECoG), the intraoperative recording of cortical potentials, has played an important role in the surgical management of patients with medically intractable epilepsy. This technique is useful in ep... 详细信息

关键词：脑电图癫痫胶质瘤皮质外科手术利润率

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In vitro effects of Salvia officinalis *** oil on Candida albicans

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第5期3卷 376-380页

作者： Tularat Sookto Theerathavaj Srithavaj Sroisiri Thaweboon Boonyanit Thaweboon Binit shrestha Maxillofacial Prosthetic Clinic Department of ProsthodonticsFaculty of DentistryMahidol University Department of Oral Microbiology Faculty of DentistryMahidol University

Objective:To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L.(***)essential oil against Candida albicans(***)and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of *** to polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)resin ***:Disc diffusion method was first used to test the anticandidal activities of the *** *** oil against the reference strain(ATCC 90028)and 2 clinical strains of *** the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal lethal concentration(MLX)were determined by modified membrane *** adhesion of *** to PMMA resin surface was assessed after immersion with *** *** oil at various concentrations of 1XMIC.0.5XMIC and 0.25XMIC at room temperature for30 ***-way ANOVA was used to compare the Candida cell adhesion with the pretreatment agents and Tukey's test was used for multiple ***:*** *** oil exhibited anticandidal activity against all strains of *** with inhibition zone ranging from 40.5 mm to 19.5 *** MIC and MLC of the oil were determined as 2.780 g/L against all test *** to the effects on *** adhesion to PMMA resin surface,it was found that immersion in the essential oil at concentrations of 1XMIC(2.780 g/L).0.5XMIC(1.390 g/L)and0.25XMIC(0.695 g/L)for 30 min significantly reduced the adhesion of all 3 test strains to PMMA resin surface in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05).Conclusions:*** *** oil exhibited anticandidal activities against *** and had inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the cells to PMMA resin *** further testing and development,*** essential oil may be used as an antifungal denture cleanser to prevent candidal adhesion and thus reduce the risk of candida-associated denture stomatitis.

关键词： Salvia officinalis L. Candida albicans Essential oil PMMA resin Adhesion

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Signal or cue: the role of structural colors in flower pollination

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 467-481页

作者： Jair E. Garcia Mani shrestha Scarlett R. Howard Phred Petersen Adrian G. Dyer School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

Angle dependent colors, such as iridescenee, are produced by structures present on flower petals changing their visual appearanee. These colors have been proposed to act as signals for plantinsect communication. However, there is a paucity of behavioral data to allow for interpretations of how to classify these colors either as a signal or a cue when con sidering the n atural con ditions under which pollination occurs. We sampled flowers from 6 plant species across various viewpoints looking for changes in the visual appearanee of the petals. Spectral characteristics were measured with different instruments to simulate both the spectral and spatial characteristics of honeybee's vision. We show the presenee of color patches produced by angle dependent effects on the petals and the calyx of various species;however, the appearance of the angle dependent color patches significantly varies with viewpoint and would only be resolved by the insect eye at close distances. Behavior experiments with honeybees revealed that pollinators did not use angle dependent colors to drive behavior when presented with novel flower presentations. Results show that angle dependent colors do not comply with the requirements of a signal for plant-pollinator communication since the information transmitted by these colors would be unreliable for potential, free-flying pollination vectors. We thus classify angle dependent colors produced by micro- and ultra-structures as being a cue (a feature which has not evolved for communication), and observe no evidence supporting claims of these angle dependent colors having evolved as visual signal.

关键词： approach angle color flower iridescence photography pollination vision

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Expression of annexin II in gastric carcinoma and its role in gastric cancer metastasis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第38期23卷 7009-7015页

作者： Feng Han Shikha shrestha Hua Huang Huang-Yong Lv Chuan Nie Ling Lin Ming-Liang Lu Department of Gastroenterology the PLA No.59 Hospital Department of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital Kunming Medical University

AIM To investigate the expression of annexin II in gastric carcinoma and its role in the metastasis of gastric *** The expression of annexin II in 51 cases of gastric carcinoma and 24 cases of adjacent tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between annexin II and clinical features of gastric cancer was analyzed. Annexin II specific si RNA was used to inhibit the expression of annexin II in gastric cancer HGC-27 cells, and the effects of annexin II on the migration and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) were *** The positive rate of annexin II protein was 82.4% in gastric cancer tissues and 37.5% in adjacent tissues. There was significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05). The expression of annexin IIprotein was correlated with tumor size, histological differentiation, TNM stage, Lymph node metastasis and other clinical features were significantly correlated, the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Inhibition of annexin II expression, gastric cancer HGC-27 cells migration and secretion of MMPs were significantly decreased, the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Annexin II is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues, annexin II protein expression is related to tumor size, histological differentiation, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis and other clinical features were significantly correlated. Annexin II high expression can promote the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.

关键词：胃的癌症 Annexin II 转移实时量的 PCR 人的胃的癌症 HGC-27 房间矩阵 metalloproteinases

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Butterfly-plant interactions and body size patterns along an elevational gradient in the Manang region of central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第5期17卷 1115-1127页

作者： Bimal Raj shrestha Binu TIMSINA Zuzana MüNZBERGOVá Tomás DOSTáLEK Prakash GAUDEL Tej *** Maan B.ROKAYA Central Department of Zoology Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu44600Nepal Department of Institute of Environmental Studies/Botany Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBenatska 212801 PragueCzech Republic Department of Biodiversity Research Global Change Research CentreCzech Academy of SciencesBelidla 4a60300 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Botany The Czech Academy of SciencesZamek 125243 PruhoniceCzech Republic

Butterflies are widely studied due to their key ecosystem *** this reason,they are used in ecosystem assessment,formulating conservation plans and in raising the environmental *** of different factors affecting diversity of butterflies is important for their effective *** this study,we investigated abiotic and biotic factors affecting species richness and community composition of butterflies along an elevational gradient in Manang region,central *** also tested if butterfly species follow the Bergmann’s rule.A total of 57 butterfly species belonging to 39 genera and 8 families were recorded in the study *** of a total of 127 plant species identified in the study region,only 67 plant species were visited by butterflies as nectar *** richness of butterflies increased with increasing *** richness was significantly higher in places with shrubs compared to other places and also in autumn than in *** richness of butterflies also depended on composition of plant species occurring at the *** species composition varied among sampling *** was also determined by habitat type,elevation,sampling time,plant species and interactions of elevation×*** relationship between butterfly size and elevation was in the opposite direction than expected according to the Bergmann’s *** conclusion,protection of butterfly diversity can only be achieved by protecting different habitats across the diverse physiography of the region and different plant species,in particular herbs and *** results do not support the Bergmann’s rule for butterflies along an elevational gradient in our region.

关键词： Lepidoptera Microhabitat Species richness Species composition Bergmann’s rule

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Critical visceral adipose tissue thresholds aassociated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in chinese population

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Journal of Nanjing Medical University 2007年第1期21卷 15-20页

作者： Om Kumar shrestha Department of Radiology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029China

To compare intervertebral location L2-L3 with L4-L5 as landmarks for measuring abdominal fat distribution and to determine critical levels of visceral adipose tissue （VAT） at those planes, exceeding which may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. Methods： Abdominal fat distribution was measured using computed tomography（CT） in 29 diabetics （19 male, 10 female） and 30 non-diabetics （18 male, 12 female）. CT images obtained at two intervertebral locations L2-L3 and L4-L5 were used to measure the areas of total fat, VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue （SCAT） using slice thickness of 5mm and an attenuation range from -190 to -30 Hounsfield units （HU）. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and Receiver-operating characteristic （ROC） analysis. Results： At L2-L3, diabetes and obesity were correctly classified at 91.53% and 83.05% respectively, while at L4-L5, the same were correctly classified at 84.75% and 88.14% respectively. VAT compared to SCAT, had significantly higher correctly classified percent values for predicting diabetes in both measurement sites. At L2-L3, VAT≥177.29 cm2 or VAT ≥51.52% of the total fat area had the highest correctly classified value for predicting diabetes in men, while VAT ≥ 132.27 cm2 or VAT≥45.7% of the total fat area had the highest correctly classified value for predicting diabetes in women. At LA-L5, VAT≥ 130.82 cm2 or VAT≥45.5,$% of the total fat area had the highest correctly classified value for predicting diabetes in men, while VAT≥ 118.56 cm2 or VAT≥32.24% of the total fat area had the highest correctly classified value for predicting diabetes in women. Conclusion： L2-L3 plane is a better landmark for measuring abdominal fat distribution for predicting diabetes, while abdominal fat distribution measured at L4-L5 has better association with obesity. Regardless of the measurement site, VAT compared to SCAT, has significantly stronger association with diabetes.

关键词： visceral adipose tissue type 2 diabetes measurement computed tomography

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