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Chronic otitis media and subsequent hearing loss in children from the Himalayan region residing in Buddhist Monastic schools of Nepal

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Journal of Otology 2020年第4期15卷 144-148页

作者： Milan Maharjan Samjhana Phuyal Mana shrestha Rosy Bajracharya Ear Care Nepal JawalakhelLalitpur-4Nepal

Objectives:The main objective of the study was to ascertain the prevalence of chronic otitis media and determine the corresponding hearing loss in children from Nepal’s Himalayan region now residing in Buddhist Monastic schools of ***:The study was conducted among children at Buddhist monastic school in different parts of Nepal.A total of 3174 children aged between 5 and 15 years,who were originally from the Himalayan region of Nepal and were currently residing in monastic schools,were screened for ear problems and hearing *** were examined by otoscope to diagnose chronic otitis *** was evaluated by pure tone audiometer,and 0.5e4 kHz air conduction hearing threshold was measured and ***:Of the total of 3174 children who were screened for ear diseases and hearing loss,monks constituted 76.21%(n?2419)and Nuns 23.78%(n?755).Chronic otitis media was the most common otoscopic finding during the screening,and it affected a total of 344(10.83%)*** of these 344,hearing loss of varying degrees was observed in 5.42%(n?172)***:There is high prevalence of chronic otitis media in children belonging to the Himalayan region of Nepal,and it is the main cause of avoidable hearing *** diagnosis and treatment of chronic otitis media could prevent unnecessary hearing loss in these children.

关键词： Chronic otitis media Hearing loss School children Nepal,prevalence

基于OFDM的雷达通信一体化信号处理算法研究

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基于OFDM的雷达通信一体化信号处理算法研究

作者：勇敢（Srijal shrestha）北京邮电大学

学位级别：硕士

新兴应用(如自动驾驶、智能工厂等)的兴起要求下一代无线通信系统需要同时具有雷达感知和通信功能,雷达与通信系统进行一体化设计,共享频谱、波形、硬件等资源,大大提高了物理资源利用率。针对雷达通信一体化波形进行研究是至关重要的,... 详细信息

新兴应用(如自动驾驶、智能工厂等)的兴起要求下一代无线通信系统需要同时具有雷达感知和通信功能,雷达与通信系统进行一体化设计,共享频谱、波形、硬件等资源,大大提高了物理资源利用率。针对雷达通信一体化波形进行研究是至关重要的,无线通信系统的快速演进为单一设备内多功能整合铺平了道路,这个这个万物互联的时代,雷达和通信一体化技术正处于创新的前沿。本文研究了基于通过利用正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)波形信号的雷达通信一体化波形,结合MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification)超分辨率算法,2D-FFT算法和多基站协作算法对环境目标进行测距测速,研究了 5G信号的参数对雷达和通信一体化信号处理算法的影响,此外,探索了通信感知一体化协作感知算法。为了评估MUSIC算法、2D-FFT算法和多基站协作算法的感知性能,本研究采用均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)作为性能衡量指标,它反映距离的准确性和综合雷达通信系统中的速度估计。采用RMSE函数作为可靠的度量。RMSE函数使我们能够定量比较估计的范围和速度与其真实值之间的差异。我们通过大量的仿真研究了信噪比和载波频率等因素对距离测量和速度测量性能的影响,并证明MUSIC算法在估计参数方面比2D-FFT算法更准确。RMSE通过计算估计值与真实值之间差异的平方均值的平方根,提供对总体估计性能的综合评估。这种方法使我们能够客观地分析系统在准确估计距离和速度方面的有效性,有助于对其能力进行全面评估。此外,本文对OFDM波形的性能和算法的效率进行模拟和分析。仿真结果表明了所提出方法的有效性。雷达通信一体化系统在距离和距离估计方面实现了增强的准确性,通过减小RMSE值进行表征。此外,该系统展示了解决高速目标和无歧义距离测量的能力,克服了传统雷达系统的局限性。对5G参数的分析揭示了它们对联合系统性能的影响。带宽分配、子载波间隔和功率分配等参数显著影响系统的整体性能,需要进行仔细的优化以实现期望的结果。本文研究对5G参数与联合雷达和通信系统之间的相互作用提供了有价值的见解,有助于开发高效可靠的集成系统。研究结果为联合雷达和通信系统领域的不断发展做出了贡献,促进了各种应用领域的先进集成系统的开发。

关键词：雷达通信一体化(JRC) 正交频分复用(OFDM) 雷达感知数据通信系统性能距离估计速度估计均方根误差(RMSE) 多信号分类(MUSIC) 二维快速傅里叶变换(2DFFT)

Distribution Patterns of Medicinal Plants along an Elevational Gradient in Central Himalaya,Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第2期9卷 201-213页

作者： Maan B.ROKAYA Zuzana MÜNZBERGOVÁ Mani R.shrestha Binu TIMSINA Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Department of Botany Faculty of SciencesCharles University School of Biological Sciences Monash UniversityClayton Campus Institute for Environmental Studies Faculty of ScienceCharles University

This study aimed to compare the distribution patterns and trends of plant parts used among different groups of medicinal plants, geographical regions,and between medicinal plants and all vascular *** used the published sources for elevation records of 2,331 medicinal plant species to interpolate presence between minimum and maximum elevations and estimated medicinal plant richness for each 100-m elevational band. Monte Carlo simulations were used to test whether differences in elevational distribution between different groups of medicinal plants were significant. Total number of medicinal plants as well as different groups showed unimodal relationship with elevation. The elevational distributions of medicinal plants significantly differ between regions and between medicinal plant *** comparing the richness of all medicinal plants to all vascular plants,Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the numbers of medicinal plants are higher than expected at low *** highest richness of medicinal plants at low elevation could be possibly due to favorable environmental factors such as high temperature, rainfall,sunlight or due to higher density of human population and thus higher pressure on use of any plants in lower elevations.

关键词：药用植物海拔梯度分布格局喜马拉雅山尼泊尔蒙特卡罗模拟低海拔地区维管束植物

RF-CLASS： A remote-sensing-based flood crop loss assessment cyber-service system for supporting crop statistics and insurance decision-making

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第2期16卷 408-423页

作者： Liping Di Eugene G. Yu Lingjun Kang Ranjay shrestha BAI Yu-qi Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems (CSISS) George Mason University VA 22030 USA Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science George Mason University VA 22030 USA Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling Ministry of Education/Department of Earth System Science (DESS) Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P.R. China

Floods often cause significant crop loss in the United States. Timely and objective information on flood-related crop loss, such as flooded acreage and degree of crop damage, is very important for crop monitoring and risk management in ag- ricultural and disaster-related decision-making at many concerned agencies. Currently concerned agencies mostly rely on field surveys to obtain crop loss information and compensate farmers＇ loss claim. Such methods are expensive, labor intensive, and time consumptive, especially for a large flood that affects a large geographic area. The results from such methods suffer from inaccuracy, subjectiveness, untimeliness, and lack of reproducibility. Recent studies have demonstrated that Earth observation （EO） data could be used in post-flood crop loss assessment for a large geographic area objectively, timely, accurately, and cost effectively. However, there is no operational decision support system, which employs such EO-based data and algorithms for operational flood-related crop decision-making. This paper describes the development of an EO-based flood crop loss assessment cyber-service system, RF-CLASS, for supporting flood-related crop statistics and insurance decision-making. Based on the service-orientated architecture, RF-CLASS has been implemented with open interoperability specifications to facilitate the interoperability with EO data systems, particularly the National Aeronautics and Space Administration （NASA） Earth Observing System Data and Information System （EOSDIS）, for automatically fetching the input data from the data systems. Validated EO algorithms have been implemented as web services in the system to operationally produce a set of flood-related products from EO data, such as flood frequency, flooded acreage, and degree of crop damage, for supporting decision-making in flood statistics and flood crop insurance policy. The system leverages recent advances in the remote sensing-based flood monitoring and assessment,

关键词： crop condition flooding crop damage time series MODIS web service remote sensing decision-making

Use of groundwater flow model in the analysis of a creeping landslide in western Japan

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Episodes 2006年第1期29卷 20-25页

作者： H.K. shrestha R. Yatabe N.P. Bhandary Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ehime University Japan. Faculty of Engineering Ehime University Japan.

To predict the movement of an existing creeping landslide, monitoring and analysis of hydrological parameters are crucial. This paper analyses the hydrological parameters of an existing creeping landslide site in western Japan. The groundwater flow and resulting fluctuation in pore water pressure at the slip layer of a sliding block was simulated using a groundwater flow model. A quasithree-dimensional factor of safely of the block was obtained by combining the groundwater model with slope stability analysis methods. The results show that for prediction purposes at a creeping landslide site the time series analysis using long-term data is of limited use, because the fluctuations of ground surface movement and hydrological parameters are not completely synchronized when the factor of safety of the slope soil is in the creep movement range. The ground surface movement rate dropped after each episode of relatively big movement, even when the hydrological parameters were constant. The factor of safety of the sliding block was more influenced by groundwater recharge from the hills than by rainfall. Pore water pressure fluctuation obtained from groundwater flow model resulting from specific rainfall events indicated better relations between fluctuations in pore water pressure and ground surface movement.

关键词：日本滑坡地下水流动模型动力地质

Cholecystocolocutaneous fistula: a case report

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2006年第3期5卷 462-464页

作者： Badrl M.shrestha Andrew Wyman Northern General Hospital Herries Road SheffieldS5 7AUUK

BACKGROUND: Cholecystocolocutaneous fistula (CCCF) is a rare complication of gallstone disease resulting from spillage of gallstones from perforation of an empyema of the gallbladder, which can pose diagnostic dilemmas. We describe a patient, who presented initially with a swelling followed by discharging sinuses on her right flank where a diagnosis of CCCF was made and was treated surgically with satisfactory outcome. METHODS: A computed tomography (CT) scan showed an ill-defined soft tissue mass in the right subhepatic space and a fistulogram demonstrated passage of contrast into the gallbladder fossa and hepatic flexure of colon. At laparotomy,a cutaneous fistula containing two pigment stones led to the gallbladder fossa and hepatic flexure of colon. RESULTS: Debridement of infected granulation tissues which had replaced the gallbladder, closure of the cystic duct stump and colonic fistula followed by excision of the fistula tract led to complete resolution. CONCLUSIONS: CCCF is a rare complication of perforated gallbladder with spillage of calculi, and a fistulogram is helpful in establishing the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of retrieving spilled stones following interventions in the gallbladder to prevent the complication.

关键词： cholecystocolocutaneous fistula gallstones fistulogram

Determining bioclimatic space of Himalayan alder for agroforestry systems in Nepal

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Plant Diversity 2018年第1期40卷 1-18页

作者： Santosh Kumar Rana Hum Kala Rana Krishna Kumar shrestha Suresh Sujakhu Sailesh Ranjitkar Key Laboratory{or Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Systematics and Biodiversity Unit Central Department of BotanyTribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal jade Consult Private Limited KabilmargThapathaliKathmanduPOB 746Nepal World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia 132 Lanhei RdHeilongtanKunmingChina

Himalayan alder species are proven to be very useful in traditional as well as contemporary agroforestry practice. These nitrogen-fixing trees are also useful in the land restoration. Therefore, understanding the distribution of Himalayan alder and the potential zone for plantation is meaningful in the agroforestry sector. Suitable climatic zones of Alnus spp. were modelled in Max Ent software using a subset of least correlated bioclimatic variables for current conditions(1950 -2000), topographic variables(DEM derived) and Landuse Landcover(LULC) data. We generated several models and selected the best model against random models using ANOVA and t-test. The environmental variables that best explained the current distribution of the species were identified and used to project into the future. For future projections, ensemble scenarios of climate change projection derived from the results of 19 Earth System Models(ESM) were used. Our model revealed that the most favorable conditions for Alnus nepalensis are in central Nepal in the moist north-west facing slope, whereas for Alnus nitida they are in western *** major climatic factor that contributes to Alnus species distribution in Nepal appears to be precipitation during the warmest quarter for A. nepalensis and precipitation during the driest quarter for A. nitida. Future projections revealed changes in the probability distribution of these species, as well as where they need conservation and where they can be planted. Also, our model predicts that the distribution of Alnus spp. in hilly regions will remain unchanged, and therefore may represent sites that can be used to revitalize traditional agroforestry systems and extract source material for land restoration.

关键词： Alder Agroforestry Species distribution modeling Climate change MaxEnt

民用方型蜂窝煤燃烧采暖的减排效果及经济性分析

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洁净煤技术 2022年第7期28卷 88-95页

作者：李志敏焦铭泽 PRABIN shrestha 刘诚薛春瑜刘广青北京化工大学化学工程学院北京100029 内蒙古鑫泓庆能源科技发展有限公司内蒙古呼和浩特010100

采用低排放-低成本的洁净型煤取暖技术路径有效解决散煤燃烧取暖带来的环境污染问题,是现阶段实现我国欠发达农村地区清洁取暖的有效举措之一。系统评估了2种新型民用方型蜂窝煤配套专用炉具燃烧采暖的减排效果和经济性。结果表明,无烟... 详细信息

采用低排放-低成本的洁净型煤取暖技术路径有效解决散煤燃烧取暖带来的环境污染问题,是现阶段实现我国欠发达农村地区清洁取暖的有效举措之一。系统评估了2种新型民用方型蜂窝煤配套专用炉具燃烧采暖的减排效果和经济性。结果表明,无烟煤方型蜂窝煤和烟煤方型蜂窝煤基于单位燃料质量的PM_(2.5)排放因子分别为0.09和0.43 g/kg、CO排放因子为51.61和38.35 g/kg、NO_(x)排放因子为0.72和0.63 g/kg。与散煤相比,PM_(2.5)可减排96.16%和81.64%、CO可减排85.15%和88.97%、NO_(x)可减排53.25%和59.09%。无烟煤方型蜂窝煤、烟煤方型蜂窝煤和散煤的固硫率分别为61.55%、70.76%和20.93%。相比散煤,方型蜂窝煤的PM_(2.5)、CO和NO_(x)排放较低,且具有较好的固硫效果,可有效减少SO_(2)排放。方型蜂窝煤取暖的减排效果不仅受燃料性质影响,其配套专用炉具的进料方式、燃烧方式、供风系统设计等对其减排效果也有一定影响。从经济性上看,由于方型蜂窝煤生产原料来源广泛,大大降低了生产成本,居民采用方型蜂窝煤取暖方式的运行费用与散煤取暖相近。方型蜂窝煤与其专用炉具组合燃烧稳定、燃烧效率高,减排效果较好,大幅减轻了用户冬季取暖的支出成本压力,为我国受经济条件限制不具备其他清洁取暖形式的北方农村地区燃煤清洁取暖工作提供了有效解决方案。

关键词：清洁取暖方型蜂窝煤减排效果经济性排放因子固硫率

Investigation of air pollution concentration in Kathmandu valley during winter season

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第6期17卷 1008-1013页

作者： KONDO Akira KAGA Akikazu IMAMURA Kiyoshi INOUE Yoshio SUGISAWA Masahiko shrestha Manohar Lal SAPKOTA Balkrishan Graduate School of Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Osaka University JapanGraduate School of Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Osaka University JapanEnvironmental Pollution Control Center Osaka Prefecture JapanGraduate School of Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Osaka University JapanGraduate School of Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Osaka University JapanGraduate School of Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Osaka University JapanInstitute of Engineering Pulchok Tribhuvan University Nepal

The monthly concentrations of NO2, NOx, SO2 and O3 measured by a passive sampler from February 2003 to January 2004 showed that the air pollution during the winter season in Kathmandu valley was higher than the summer season. The O3 level was found the highest during April, May and June due to strong radiation. The hourly concentrations of NO2, NOx, O3 and suspended particulate matter（SPM） were also measured by automatic instruments on December 2003. Temperature at the height of 60 m and 400 m at Raniban Mountain in the northwest of Kathmandu valley was measured on February 2001 in the winter season and the average potential temperature gradient was estimated from observed temperature. Wind speed was also measured at the department of hydrology, airport section, from 18 February to 6 March 2001. It was found that the stable layer and the calm condition in the atmosphere strongly affected the appearance of the maximum concentrations of NO2 and SPM in the morning, and that the unstable layer and the windy condition in the atmosphere was considerably relevant to the decrease of air pollution concentrations at daytime. The emission amounts of NOx, HCs and total suspended particle（TSP） from transport sector in 2003 were estimated from the increasing rate of vehicles on the basis of the emission amounts in 1993 to be 3751 t/a, 30570 t/a and 1317 t/a, respectively. The diurnal concentrations in 2003 calculated by the two-layers box model reproduced the characteristics of air pollution in Kathmandu valley such as the maximum value of O3 and its time, the maximum value of NO in the morning, and the decrease of NO and NO2 at daytime. The comparison with the concentrations in 1993 calculated suggested that the main cause of air pollution was the emission from transport sector.

关键词： air pollution concentration Kathmandu vallay box model