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Investigation of Potential Factors on South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2024年第1期13卷 1-26页

作者： Marilia Hagen anibal azevedo Instituto de Física Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Faculdade de Ciencias Aplicadas da Unicamp Limeira Brazil

The first part of this investigation analyzes the deep earthquake occurrences in Nazca subducting under South America. The depth taken is to get information about possible influences from the unknown materials and formations under the crust. The results revealed the presence of malleable material, which is unbreakable and, therefore, unable to trigger earthquakes. The structure of those elements is diamagnetic, attracting ionized particles from the Van Allen belt region in the ionosphere. The charged particles travel towards Earth’s surface, enhanced during the geomagnetic storms. The South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) found that the deformation suffered by the anomaly moving from South Africa to South America is, possibly due to a bulge of unknown flexible material buried underneath the oceanic and continental crust. The continental part is strengthening in weakness because the background also has a high amount of diamagnetic material in this region, and it would not happen over the Atlantic Ocean, where part of the deformation is placed.

关键词： Ultra-Deep Earthquakes (UDQ) Diamagnetism South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA)

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Variations and Climate Changes Worldwide

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 233-249页

作者： Marilia Hagen anibal azevedo (Retired) Instituto de Fí sica Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Faculdade de Ciê ncias Aplicadas da Unicamp Limeira Brazil

This investigation aims to study the El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in these three phases: El Niño, La Niña, and neutral. Warm and cold events relate to the Spring/Summer seasons. This paper will search for connections between the ENSO events and climate anomalies worldwide. There is some speculation that those events would be necessary for the climate anomalies observed worldwide. After analyzing the data from the reports to the ENSO, it shows almost periodicity from 1950-2023. We emphasized the occurrence of El Niño two years, when it was most prominent, and the climate anomalies (following NOAA maps), 2015 and 2023. The results indicated that the observed climate anomalies couldn’t be linked to the abnormal events observed. The worldwide temperatures in those years enhanced mostly in 2023. It shows an abnormal behavior compared with all the years scrutinized and analyzed since the records began. Therefore, there must be unknown factors beyond ENSO that rule the worldwide temperatures and the climate anomalies observed.

关键词： ENSO Southern Oscillation El Niño Climate Anomalies

Influence of Volcanic Activity on Weather and Climate Changes

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2023年第2期13卷 138-158页

作者： Marilia Hagen anibal azevedo Instituto de Física Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas da Unicamp Limeira Brazil

This paper examines possible connections between volcanic eruptions and their consequences on the weather. Gas emissions, such as CO2 and SO2, are vital in the troposphere and change temperatures on Earth’s surface. The water vapor discharges can be moved for three atmospheric layers creating extra atmospheric rivers and disrupting the Polar vortex. All those deviations will bring consequences to the weather. It depends on the intensity, the emission type, the kind of volcano, and the location. Then, eruptions can change the atmospheric layers with sudden fluctuations unexpected for the season.

关键词： Volcanoes Tonga Manua Loa Kilauea Climate Changes

Sun Disturbances on Earth’s Volcanism

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Natural Science 2023年第1期15卷 1-10页

作者： Marilia Hagen anibal azevedo Instituto de Física Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas da Unicamp Limeira Brasil

This paper searches for a connection between volcanoes and solar variability. Solar events have been investigated as possible interference with hazardous natural events on Earth. The first results pointed out that during the solar minimum, the frequency and strength of volcanoes increased. However, solar variability is not the only factor disturbing volcanic eruptions;there is also seasonality. There is a double interference from the Sun on the volcanoes, one from the solar cycles, and the second is the seasons.

关键词： Volcanoes Earthquakes Solar Variability Seasons

South Atlantic Anomaly Variations during Seasons

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Natural Science 2023年第7期15卷 207-221页

作者： Marilia Hagen anibal azevedo Instituto de Física Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Faculdade de Ciencias Aplicadas da Unicamp Limeira Brazil

This investigation searches the possible connections between deep and ultra-deep earthquakes in a subduction zone with unique characteristics known as Nazca-South America subduction. The earthquake events occurred in an area under the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly. The results pointed out that the cyclicity of earthquakes is independent of external factors and linked to internal unknown changes traced or associated with the lithosphere and upper mantle. The malleable minerals or unbreakable material could be due to a bulge of water between the two Nazca slabs sinking. The periodicity noticed from some events is opposite to the Solar Cycles, which means they enhance during the minima of cycles. Therefore, we concluded that these variations might be linked to internal causes below the crust into the lithosphere.

关键词： Nazca-South America Subduction Seasonality Deep-Depth Earthquakes

Climate Changes Consequences from Sun-Earth Connections and Anthropogenic Relationships

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Natural Science 2022年第2期14卷 24-41页

作者： Marilia Hagen anibal azevedo Instituto de Física Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Brazil Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas da Unicamp Limeira Brazil

This paper is a study to understand how climate changed last fifty years. There are two theories: the first one considers the solar variability and the influence of those alterations on climate;the second one blames human activity and the consequences on temperatures and disruption on the environment created by humans. Our conclusions pointed out that dimensions involved between Earth and Sun, and Earth/Atmosphere, the second one can disturb the temperature on Earth’s surface and make seasonality variations impossible to be explained only by Sun/Earth connections.

关键词： Climate Change Sun-Earth Connections Troposphere Anthropogenic

Ice Sheet Melt and Ozone Hole Variations on Three Solar Cycles Possible Anthropogenic Interactions

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2022年第3期12卷 564-587页

作者： Marilia Hagen anibal azevedo Instituto de Física Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas da Unicamp Limeira Brazil

This paper investigated the information about Ice sheet melt and Ozone hole variations during three solar cycles. After performing the inquiry on the data, the final results pointed out that both phenomena varying accord with Earth’s seasonality. The sea melt extension depends on the season and if the ocean waters are warmer around the polar caps. We checked the suggestion that anthropogenic perturbations could influence the variations in both phenomena.

关键词： Sun-Earth Connections Sea Melt Ozone Hole Anthropogenic Disturbances

South Atlantic Anomaly Seasonal Seismicity during Two Solar Cycles

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2020年第4期9卷 307-322页

作者： Marilia Hagen anibal azevedo 1262 Yellowwood Lake Road NashvilleUSA Faculdade de Ciencias Aplicadas da Unicamp LimeiraSao Paulo

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of Solar cycles and season fluctuations on earthquakes, in a location named South Atlantic anomaly. The area used herein is delimited 0N, ?50S, 40E, ?90W, and is the region with the Earth’s lowest magnetic field, which allows a higher number of ionized particles to reach the ionosphere. The period chosen is 1996-2018, comprising two Solar Cycles and the respective solar maxima in 2000 and 2014. The first results pointed out that occurrences of swarm location depending from the depth search. Shallow earthquakes developed swarms near the shorelines and deep depth inland. A mathematical model was developed to statistically evaluate the changes in the earthquakes increases. The outcome resolutions showed Summer and Fall are the most important seasons for tremors in this region. The period analyzed have an extended solar minimum occurred 2003-2010, we analyzed the evolution of earthquakes occurrences under the South Atlantic anomaly.

关键词： South Atlantic Anomaly Solar Cycles Seasons Earthquakes

ANonmonotone Projected Gradient Method for Multiobjective Problems on Convex Sets

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2024年第2期12卷 410-427页

作者： Gabrie anibal Carrizo Nadia Soledad Fazzio Maria Laura Schuverdt Department of Mathematics National University of the SouthBahia BlancaArgentina Department of Mathematics University of La PlataLa PlataArgentina

In this work we consider an extension of the classical scalar-valued projected gradient method for multiobjective problems on convex *** in Fazzio et al.(Optim Lett 13:1365-1379,2019)a parameter which controls the step length is considered and an updating rule based on the spectral gradient method from the scalar case is *** the present paper,we consider an extension of the traditional nonmonotone approach of Grippo et al.(SIAM J Numer Anal 23:707-716,1986)based on the maximum of some previous function values as suggested in Mita et al.(J Glob Optim 75:539-559,2019)for unconstrained multiobjective optimization *** prove the accumulation points of sequences generated by the proposed algorithm,if they exist,are stationary points of the original *** experiments are reported.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization Projected gradient methods Nonmonotone line search Global convergence