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Sensitivity and Specificity Analysis Relation to Statistical Hypothesis Testing and Its Errors: Application to Cryptosporidium Detection Techniques

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2016年第4期6卷 209-216页

作者： Emmanuel de-Graft Johnson Owusu-Ansah angelina sampson Amponsah K. Samuel Abaidoo Robert Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry South Dakota State University Brookings USA Department of Mathematics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

The use of Statistical Hypothesis Testing procedure to determine type I and type II errors was linked to the measurement of sensitivity and specificity in clinical trial test and experimental pathogen detection techniques. A theoretical analysis of establishing these types of errors was made and compared to determination of False Positive, False Negative, True Positive and True Negative. Experimental laboratory detection methods used to detect Cryptosporidium spp. were used to highlight the relationship between hypothesis testing, sensitivity, specificity and predicted values. The study finds that, sensitivity and specificity for the two laboratory methods used for Cryptosporidium detection were low hence lowering the probability of detecting a “false null hypothesis” for the presence of cryptosporidium in the water samples using either Microscopic or PCR. Nevertheless, both procedures for cryptosporidium detection had higher “true negatives” increasing its probability of failing to reject a “true null hypothesis” with specificity of 1.00 for both Microscopic and PCR laboratory detection methods.

关键词： Sensitivity Specificity Type I and II Errors Detection Methods Hypothesis Testing

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‘You withhold what you are feeling so you can have a family’:Latinas’perceptions on community values and postpartum depression

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2021年第3期9卷 1-9页

作者： McClain sampson Miao Yu Rebecca Mauldin angelina Mayorga Lorena G Gonzalez Graduate College of Social Work University of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA School of Social Work The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA Clinical Psychology University of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA Urban Strategies WashingtonDCUSA

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the postpartum depression(PPD)beliefs and experiences of mothers who access local community faith-based organisations providing family services to low-income,predominantly immigrant Latino *** Using a qualitative research design,we conducted 18 focus groups with Latina mothers to inquire about their community values and beliefs of *** groups were conducted in *** An academic research team located in Houston,Texas,USA,partnered with six faith-based organisations in five cities to recruit and host focus groups at the site of the *** One hundred and thirty-three women participated in the focus groups across all ***-seven of them(27.8%)had given birth to a child in less than 1 *** criteria included mothers 18 years and older and Latino *** A six-step process was used to apply thematic analysis to sort data into the *** mothers had heard of depression after childbirth,some had experienced it and most remarked that the personal experience and community acceptance of it vary by *** main findings suggest that mothers take pride in parenting by instilling values to support family and the value of relying on family for emotional *** reveal that many mothers suffer and sacrifice for their children,they feel judged and feel they must hide their *** such as birth and postpartum customs from a native country,gender roles and beliefs of what a good mother shape their beliefs and messages about *** Our findings indicate that programme developers should consider family and community focused education and intervention efforts to help decrease stigma and increase understanding of PPD.

关键词： Latin mother income

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