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Involvement of Girls in Leadership in Primary Schools in Voi Sub-county, Kenya

Sino-US English Teaching 2016年第5期13卷 404-408页

作者： Dr. Florence Kanorio Kisirkoi angela Ndunge Kamanga Maasai Mara University Narok Kenya Taita Taveta county Education Office Taita Taveta Kenya

Women in Kenya are underrepresented in decision-making positions, which appears as a remnant of persisting cultural gender roles that limit women from participating in activities critical for personal, societal, and national development. Such retrogressive ideas regarding a large number of the country＇s citizens have to be addressed early in the life of a girl to build in girls＇ self-esteem and facilitate them to develop leadership skills. This study investigated the extent to which girls in primary schools in Voi sub-county are involved in leadership in their schools. The study was based on the 2010 Kenya＇s constitution which ruled that no more than two-thirds of elected or appointed public institutions leaders should consist of one gender. The new legal framework seeks to break down the barriers women face in realizing their political, civil, economic, and social rights. It also ensures that women are involved in decision-making at all levels of government. In this study, data was collected from three mixed primary schools in Voi sub-county given codes A, B, and c. School A had a total of 470 pupils; 225 were boys and 245 were girls and the school had 21 leadership positions. The findings showed that the majority 14 （66.7%） of the leadership positions were occupied by boys while the few 7 （33.3%） were occupied by girls. In school B, there were a total of 1,056 pupils; 498 were boys and 558 were girls. There were 13 leadership positions. The majority of the positions 7 （53.8 %） were occupied by boys and minority 6 （46.2%） were occupied by girls. In school c, there were a total of 1,450 pupils and 680 were boys and 770 girls. There were 13 leadership positions. The majority 7 （53.8%） of the positions were occupied by boys while 6 （46.2%） were occupied by girls. In all the schools, there were more girls than boys but boys occupied more leadership positions than girls. Boys also took senior positions and girls were their deputies and were not as active as boys in area

关键词： leadership decision making constitution underrepresented gender roles

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Graphene-Oxide Mediated chemodivergent Ring-Opening of cyclobutanols

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chinese Journal of chemistry 2023年第11期41卷 1333-1340页

作者： Andrea Brunetti angela Pintus Lorenzo Lombardi Alessandro Kovtun Federico Mascietti Francesco Bruno Enrico Ravera Manuela Melucci Giulio Bertuzzi Marco Bandini Dipartimento di chimica“Giacomo ciamician” Alma Mater StudiorumUniversitàdi BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly Istituto per la Sintesi e la Fotoreattività(ISOF)–cNR Via Gobetti10140129BolognaItaly Magnetic Resonance center(cERM) University of FlorenceVia L.Sacconi 650019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly Department of chemistry“Ugo Schiff” University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly center for chemical catalysis–c3 Alma Mater StudiorumUniversitàdi Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly

The chemodivergent ring-opening of cyclobutanols is described under the carbocatalytic assistance of graphene oxide(GO).The protocol enables the synthesis of diversely functionalized dienes or indenes(26 examples)based on the amount of GO ***(XPS and ssNMR)as well as experimental investigations revealed a direct involvement of theπ-domains of GO in tuning the stability of carbocationic intermediates during the reaction.

关键词： carbocatalysis c-c activation Graphene carbocations Methodology and reactions

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固体激光用Nd:Lu_(2)O_(3)透明陶瓷的制备和光学性能研究

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无机材料学报 2021年第2期36卷 210-216页

作者：刘子玉 TOcI Guido PIRRI angela PATRIZI Barbara 冯亚刚陈肖朴胡殿君田丰吴乐翔 VANNINI Matteo 李江中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所透明光功能无机材料重点实验室上海201899 中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心北京100049 意大利国家研究委员会国立光学研究所佛罗伦萨50019 意大利国家研究委员会“carrara”应用物理研究所佛罗伦萨50019

Nd:Lu_(2)O_(3)材料由于具有高热导率、低声子能量和优异的光学特性而成为非常有前景的高功率固体激光器用的增益介质。但Lu_(2)O_(3)单晶的熔点超过2400℃,难以生长,而Lu_(2)O_(3)陶瓷既能在低温下制备,又具有与晶体相当的光学性质和... 详细信息

Nd:Lu_(2)O_(3)材料由于具有高热导率、低声子能量和优异的光学特性而成为非常有前景的高功率固体激光器用的增益介质。但Lu_(2)O_(3)单晶的熔点超过2400℃,难以生长,而Lu_(2)O_(3)陶瓷既能在低温下制备,又具有与晶体相当的光学性质和激光性能从而备受关注。本研究制备了高透明的Nd:Lu_(2)O_(3)陶瓷并对其光学性质和激光性能进行探究。以共沉淀法制备的纳米粉体为原料,采用真空烧结结合热等静压(HIP)两步烧结法制备了1.0at%Nd:Lu_(2)O_(3)透明陶瓷。对制备的粉体、素坯和陶瓷的微结构进行了表征:HIP后处理的陶瓷平均晶粒尺寸是724.2nm。厚度为1.0mm的1.0at%Nd:Lu_(2)O_(3)透明陶瓷在1100 nm处的直线透过率是82.4%,样品在806 nm处的吸收截面为1.50×10^(-20)cm^(2),而根据荧光光谱计算得到的发射截面为6.5×10^(–20)cm^(2)。分别在878.8和895.6 nm波长激发下,1.0at%Nd:Lu_(2)O_(3)透明陶瓷(4)^F3/2→(4)^I11/2跃迁的平均荧光寿命均为169ms。当输出耦合镜的透过率TOc=2.0%时,退火后的1.0at%Nd:Lu_(2)O_(3)透明陶瓷获得了最大输出功率为0.47 W的准连续(QcW)激光输出,斜率效率为8.7%。本研究成功制备了显微结构均匀、高透明度的1.0at%Nd:Lu_(2)O_(3)陶瓷,并展示了其在固体激光增益介质领域的广阔应用潜力。

关键词： Nd:Lu2O3透明陶瓷共沉淀法两步烧结光学性能激光性能

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The Potentiality of Non Timber Forest Products. Fruit Availability, Phytochemical Properties of Rosa rubiginosa L. Rose Hips

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第15期7卷 2272-2287页

作者： Gerardo U. Aguirre Martín Loza José Gasquez María Fusco angela Sosa Gladys M. ciuffo Liliana E. c. ciuffo Ecología y conservación Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de San Luis San Luis Argentina UNSL/FQBF/Química Analítica Ejército de los Andes San Luis Argentina UNSL/FQBF/Farmacognosia Ejército de los Andes San Luis Argentina UNSL/FQBF/Bioquímica Avanzada Ejército de los Andes San Luis Argentina IMIBIO/cONIcET Ejército de los Andes San Luis Argentina

We evaluated fruit availability, phytochemical characteristics and mineral content of R. rubiginosa L. rose hips, at two experimental sites in San Luis province: Potrero de los Funes-El Volcán (PF-V) and Estancia Grande (EG). Plant density was 70 plants/ha (1 ha = 10,000 m2) in PF-V and 50 plants/ha in EG. Fruit availability (DF) in fresh fruits (FF) was 4.39 kg (PF-V) and 3.10 kg (EG) during March, and decreased during June. Ascorbic acid in FF increased during ripening period, peaking on late April, early May, and diminished 75% - 85% in dried fruits. Total soluble solids in FF ranged from 32.55 to 55.20 °Brix. Elements Ba, ca, Fe, K, Zn and cu, determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (IcP-OES), were significant for human health. Dried fruits maintain a high level of ascorbic acid, a characteristic added to content of mineral elements, particularly calcium content, providing an important nutritional value to R. rubiginosa rose hips.

关键词： Rosa rubiginosa Rose Hips Fruit chemical contents Ascorbic Acid Mineral Elements

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clinical implications of endogenous testosterone density on prostate cancer progression in patients with very favorable low and intermediate risk treated with radical prostatectomy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2023年第5期25卷 556-563页

作者： Antonio Benito Porcaro Alessandro Tafuri Andrea Panunzio clara cerrato Alberto Bianchi Sebastian Gallina Stefano Vidiri Damiano D'Aietti Emanuele Serafin Giovanni Mazzucato Alessandro Princiotta Davide Brusa Matteo Brunelli Vincenzo Pagliarulo Maria angela cerruto AlessandroAntonelli Department of Urology University of VeronaIntegrated University Hospital of VeronaVerona 37126Italy Department of Urology Vito Fazzi HospitalLecce 73100Italy Department of Pathology University of VeronaIntegrated University Hospital of VeronaVerona 37126Italy

We tested the association between endogenous testosterone density(ETD;the ratio between endogenous testosterone[ET]and prostate volume)and prostate cancer(Pca)aggressiveness in very favorable low-and intermediate-risk Pca patients who underwent radical prostatectomy(RP).Only patients with prostate-specific antigen(PSA)within 10 ng ml^(-1),clinical stage T1c,and International Society of Urological Pathology(IsUP)grade group 1 or 2 were *** ET levels up to 350 ng dl^(-1)were classified as *** quantitation density factors were evaluated as the ratio between percentage of biopsy-positive cores and prostate volume(biopsy-positive cores density,BPcD)and the ratio between percentage of cancer invasion at final pathology and prostate weight(tumor load density,TLD).Disease upgrading was coded as ISUP grade group>2,and progression as recurrence(biochemical and/or local and/or distant).Risk associations were evaluated by multivariable cox and logistic regression *** 320 patients,151(47.2%)had intermediate-risk ***(median:402.3 ng dl^(-1))resulted abnormal in 111(34.7%)cases(median ETD:9.8 ng dl^(-1)ml^(-1)).Upgrading and progression occurred in 109(34.1%)and 32(10.6%)cases,*** was predicted by ISUP grade group 2(hazard ratio[HR]:2.290;P=0.029)and upgrading(HR:3.098;P=0.003),which was associated with ISUP grade group 2(odds ratio[OR]:1.785;P=0.017)and TLD above the median(OR:2.261;P=0.001).After adjustment for PSAdensity and bodymass index(BMI),ETDabovethemedianwas positivelyassociatedwithBPcD(OR:3.404;Pcts with abnormal ET were more likely to have higher BPcD(OR:5.566;P=0.002),as well as TLD(OR:14.998;P=0.016).Independently by routinely evaluated factors,as ETD increased,BPcD and TLD increased,but increments were higher for abnormal ET *** very favorable cohorts,ETD may further stratify the risk of aggressive Pca.

关键词： endogenous testosterone density prostate cancer radical prostatectomy tumor progression

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First Trimester Screening for Preeclampsia:An Asian Perspective

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2021年第2期3卷 116-123页

作者： Sakita Moungmaithong Xueqin Wang angela S.T.Tai Qiaoli Feng Daljit Sahota Tak Yeung Leung Liona c.Poon Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077China

Preeclampsia(PE)is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality *** disorder has profound short-term and long-term impacts on both the affected woman’s and her child’s ***-onset PE requiring preterm delivery(preterm PE)is of particular importance because it is associated with a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes than term *** trimester screening model developed by the Fetal Medicine Foundation(FMF),which uses Bayes-theorem to combine maternal characteristics and medical history together with measurements of mean arterial pressure,uterine artery pulsatility index,and serum placental growth factor,has been proven to be effective and have superior screening performance to that of traditional risk factor-based approach for the prediction of *** of high risk pregnant women for preterm PE and giving aspirin prophylaxis before 16^(th)week of gestation would reduce the incidence of preterm *** Asia,although the prevalence of PE is slightly lower than the global estimation,early screening and prevention of this life-threatening condition is still *** FMF Bayestheorem based screening method has been validated in a large-scale prospective Asia-wide study and revealed that the first trimester triple test achieves the highest detection rate,compared with the traditional risk factor-based approaches,and that the screening performance is comparable to the published data from the FMF in East Asian ***,in order to achieve optimal screening performance,the key is to establish standardized methods for biomarker measurements and regular biomarker quality assessment,as each biomarker is susceptible to inaccurate measurement,thus affecting performance of ***,it is of great importance to emphasize that the optimal preventive effect of aspirin on preterm PE is clearly associated with good compliance to *** conclusion,global implementation of an effective first trimest

关键词： Pre-eclampsia Asian population Aspirin prophylaxis Fetal medicine foundation(FMF) Screening

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Impact of new treatment options for hepatitis c virus infection in liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第38期21卷 10760-10775页

作者： Elda Righi angela Londero Alessia carnelutti Umberto Baccarani Matteo Bassetti Infectious Diseases Division Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital Liver Transplant Unit Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital

Liver transplant candidates and recipients with hepatitis c virus(HcV)-related liver disease greatly benefit from an effective antiviral therapy. The achievement of a sustained virological response before transplantation can prevent the recurrence of post-transplant HcV disease that occurs universally and correlates with enhanced progression to graft cirrhosis. Previous standard-of-care regimens(e.g.,pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin with or without first generation protease inhibitors,boceprevir and telaprevir) displayed suboptimal results and poor tolerance in liver transplant recipients. A new class of potent direct-acting antiviral agents(DAA) characterized by all-oral regimens with minimal side effects has been approved and included in the recent guidelines for the treatment of liver transplant recipients with recurrent HcV disease. Association of sofosbuvir with ribavirin and/or ledipasvir is recommended in liver transplant recipients and patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Other regimens include simeprevir,daclatasvir,and combination of other DAA. Possible interactions should be monitored,especially in coinfected human immunodeficiency virus/HcV patients receiving antiretrovirals.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Direct antiviral agents Liver tr

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混合寡占竞争下的国有企业民营化与产业政策选择

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西安交通大学学报（社会科学版） 2018年第2期38卷 21-29页

作者：赵驰王凤生东南大学经济管理学院江苏南京210096 中南财经政法大学文澜学院湖北武汉430073

在混合寡占竞争模型的框架下提出三种政策协调方案,即通过征收进口关税、给予国内企业产量补贴或两者同时实施来配合国有企业民营化改革,进而探讨政策工具的优化策略选择对社会福利的影响。研究结果表明:在三种政策下,市场均衡价格均不... 详细信息

在混合寡占竞争模型的框架下提出三种政策协调方案,即通过征收进口关税、给予国内企业产量补贴或两者同时实施来配合国有企业民营化改革,进而探讨政策工具的优化策略选择对社会福利的影响。研究结果表明:在三种政策下,市场均衡价格均不等于国有企业的边际成本;从改善社会福利的角度,部分民营化始终是最优选择;通过福利分析,政府搭配民营化政策给予国内企业产量补贴虽然能够实现最高的消费者剩余,但在社会福利的排序中处于劣势。本文为部分民营化策略的实施以及产业、贸易政策的优化提供了理论依据,指出政府仅仅考虑对国内企业进行产量补贴可能并不是最优策略选择。

关键词：混合寡头部分民营化产业政策最优关税产量补贴

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Silicon Nanocrystals on the Surface of Standard Si Wafers: A Micro-Raman Investigation

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Journal of Materials Science and chemical Engineering 2018年第7期6卷 104-116页

作者： Mohammed S. G. Mohammed Enzo cazzanelli angela Fasanella Marco castriota Donostia International Physics center (DIPc) Donostia-San Sebastian Spain centro de Física de Materiales (cSIc/UPV-EHU) Donostia-San Sebastian Spain Physics Department University of Calabria Cubo 31C Rende (Cosenza) Italy Notredame s.r.l. c/o Physics Department University of Calabria Rende Italy cNR Istituto di Nanotecnologia NANOTEC SS di Cosenza Via P. Bucci Cubo 31/C Rende (CS) Italy

The presence of silicon nanocrystals on the surface of standard wafer samples of Si, conserved under “usual” laboratory conditions, has been investigated by micro-Raman analysis, performed for increasing intensity of laser irradiation. The poor thermal connection of such small crystals to the Si wafer bulk allows for the appearance of two well distinct Raman bands in the spectra, with a different evolution for increasing irradiance levels: the first, expected, due to bulk silicon response, the other one assignable to the silicon nanocrystals. A careful analysis of peak position and linewidth has been carried out, both for the Raman contribution from the nanocrystals, reaching high temperatures under irradiation (up to 1400 K), and for the one from the “bulk” Si, which remains practically at room temperature. The analysis of the spectra and the comparison with previous studies on nc-Si suggest that such nanocrystals do not have a very small size, so that the observed changes of spectral parameters are mainly due to laser heating, rather than quantum confinement effects. In any case, we performed also an independent size deter-mination by AFM mapping, confirming a size distribution well peaked be-tween 50 and 100 nm. As a corollary from this analysis, we get the indication that apparent linewidths and positions, at low laser irradiation levels, can be slightly changed in the presence of nc-Si on the surface. It is due to the differ-ent thermal responses of bulk and nanocrystalline components, inducing un-resolved separate components;this hypothesis suggests reanalysing some previous experimental data, in particular for many Raman spectra of Si col-lected at “room temperature”.

关键词： Silicon Nanocrystals Laser Heating Raman Linewidth AFM Measurement

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Development and Validation of Two Methods to Quantify Volatile Acids (c2-c6) by Gc/FID: Headspace (Automatic and Manual) and Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE)

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American Journal of Analytical chemistry 2014年第7期5卷 406-414页

作者： Maria angela Tallarico Adorno Julia S. Hirasawa Maria Bernadete Amancio Varesche Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation School of Engineering of S&atilde o carlos University of S&atilde o Paulo S&atilde o carlos Brazil

The concentration of the volatile fatty acids (VFA) is an important indicator of the status of an-aerobic processes, but most of the existing methods require sample pretreatment and are labor-intensive. It was developed and validated a rapid Gas chromatographic (Gc) method to quantify seven VFA (acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric and caproic), acetone, methanol, ethanol and n-butanol by headspace (automatic and manual) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with diethyl ether (only VFA). The determination was made in a Shimadzu Gas chromatograph equipped with a Flame Ionization Detector (Gc/FID), a headspace auto-sampler and an HP-INNOWAX column. Isobutanol and crotonic acid were utilized as internal standards (IS). The validation parameters evaluated were: precision (coefficient of variation—c.V.% for the retention times, from 0.02 to 0.87), linearity (R2 = 0.9291 - 0.9997), limits of detection (from 3.97 to 36.45 mg·L﹣1) and instrumental precision (from 0.01 to 0.53), which provide evidence that the methods are adequate to determine these analytes in samples from anaerobic reactors and from the environment.

关键词： Short chain Organic Acids Gas chromatography Ethyl Ether Anaerobic Processes

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