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Kids gone wild–Alcohol use and patient characteristics in pediatric trauma during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

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Pediatric Investigation 2023年第4期7卷 225-232页

作者： Neesha S Patel Brett H Waibel Bennett J Berning WT Hillman Terzian Charity H Evans angela M Hanna Mark E Hamill Department of Surgery Division of AcuteCare SurgeryUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Department of Surgery Division of General and Thoracic Pediatric SugeryChildren’s Hospital and Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA

Importance:Reported coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic effects on pediatric trauma have been ***:We investigated the characteristics of pediatric trauma including alcohol use during the pandemic at our urban trauma ***:The trauma database of our adult level 1 trauma center was queried for all pediatric(age≤18 years)patients presenting between March 1,2020,and October 30,*** from 2017 to 2019 served as a *** analyzed included demographics,mechanisms,injury severity,hospitalization characteristics,and positive blood ***:Pandemic pediatric trauma volumes increased by 67.5%(330/year vs.197/year).Pandemic patients were younger(median age 13 vs.14 years,P=0.011),but similar in gender,ethnicity,severity,hospital length of stay,mortality,and rates of penetrating *** doubled(79/year vs.34/year)and shifted away from high falls>6 meters(0%vs.7.9%)to moderate falls 1–6 meters(58.2%vs.51.5%)(P=0.028).Transportation injury rates were similar however mechanisms shifted from motor vehicle crashes(−13.5%)towards recreational vehicles including motorcycles(+2.1%),all-terrain vehicles(+8.6%),and bicycles(+3.8%)(P=0.018).Pediatricpositive blood alcohol was significantly higher(11.2%vs.5.1%,P<0.001),especially for ages 14–18 years(21.7%vs.9.5%,P<0.001).Interpretation:Pediatric trauma volumes during the COVID-19 pandemic *** patients had more recreational vehicle injuries and higher rates of positive blood *** suggests an increased need for alcohol assessment and targeted interventions in the pediatric population during pandemics or periods of school closures.

关键词： Alcohol COVID-19 Pediatric trauma Pediatrics

Synthesis of Water-soluble, Polyester-based Dendrimer Prodrugs for Exploiting Therapeutic Properties of Two Triterpenoid Acids

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2018年第9期36卷 999-999,1000-1010页

作者： Silvana Alfei Gaby Brice Taptue Silvia Catena angela Bisio Dipartimento di Farmacia Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche e Alimentari Università di Genova

Dendrimers are macromolecules characterized by high controlled size, shape and architecture, presence of inner cavities able to accommodate small molecules and many peripheral functional groups to bind target entities. They are of eminent interest for biomedical applications, including gene transfection, tissue engineering, imaging, and drug delivery. The well-known pharmacological activities of ursolic and oleanolic acids are limited by their small water solubility, non-specific cell distribution, low bioavailability, poor pharmacokinetics, and their direct administration could result in the release of thrombi. To overcome such problems, in this paper we described their physical incorporation inside amino acids-modified polyester-based dendrimers which made them highly water-soluble. IR, NMR, zeta potential, mean size of particles, buffer capacity and drug release profiles of prepared materials were reported. The achieved water-soluble complexes harmonize a polycationic character and a buffer capacity which presuppose efficient cell penetration and increased residence time with a biodegradable cell respectful scaffold, thus appearing as a promising team of not toxic prodrugs for safe administration of ursolic and oleanolic acids.

关键词： Polyester-based amino acids-modified dendrimers Physical encapsulation Water-soluble dendriplexes Buffer capacity NMR investigations

Infectious keratitis in Vietnam:etiology,organisms,and management at Vietnam National Eye Hospital

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第1期15卷 128-134页

作者： Pham Ngoc Dong Do Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen Thi Nga Duong Mai Thi Lien angela C.Chen Anthony J.Aldave Vietnam National Eye Hospital Hanoi 10000Vietnam Nam Dinh Eye Hospital Nam Dinh 420000Vietnam Stein Eye Institute UCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90095USA

AIM:To report the etiologies,risk factors,treatments,and outcomes of infectious keratitis(IK)at a major Vietnamese eye ***:This is a retrospective review of all cases of IK at Vietnam National Eye Hospital(VNEH)in Hanoi,*** histories,demographics,clinical features,microbiological results,and treatment outcomes were ***:IK was diagnosed in 1974 eyes of 1952 patients,with ocular trauma being the greatest risk factor for IK(34.2%),frequently resulting from an agriculturerelated injur y(53.3%).The mean duration between symptom onset and presentation to VNEH was 19.3±14.4 d,and 98.7%of patients had been treated with topical antibiotic and/or antifungal agents prior to evaluation at *** on smear results of 1706 samples,the most common organisms identified were bacteria(n=1107,64.9%)and fungi(n=1092,64.0%),with identification of both bacteria and fungi in 614(36.0%)***-five of 374 bacterial cultures(14.7%)and 426 of 838 fungal cultures(50.8%)were positive,with the most commonly cultured pathogens being Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Streptococcus pneumonia,Fusarium spp.,and Aspergillus *** perforation and descemetocele developed in 391(19.8%)and 93(4.7%)eyes,*** treatment was successful in resolving IK in 50.4%eyes,while 337(17.1%)eyes underwent penetrating or anterior lamellar *** was performed in 7.1%of eyes,most commonly in the setting of fungal ***:Ocular trauma is a major risk factor for IK in Vietnam,which is diagnosed in almost 400 patients each year at *** this,and as approximately one quarter of the eyes that develop IK require corneal transplantation or evisceration,greater emphasis should be placed on the development of prevention and treatment programs for IK in Vietnam.

关键词： infectious keratitis bacterial keratitis fungal keratitis microsporidial keratitis Acanthamoeba keratitis herpes simplex virus keratitis Vietnam

Excitonic Eigenstates of Disordered Semiconductor Quantum Wires:Adaptive Wavelet Computation of Eigenvalues for the Electron-Hole Schrodinger Equation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第6期14卷 21-47页

作者： Christian Mollet angela Kunoth Torsten Meier Institut fur Mathematik Universitat PaderbornWarburger Str.100D-33098 PaderbornGermany Department Physik Universitat PaderbornWarburger Str.100D-33098 PaderbornGermany

A novel adaptive approach to compute the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of the two-particle(electron-hole)Schrodinger equation including Coulomb attraction is *** an example,we analyze the energetically lowest exciton state of a thin one-dimensional semiconductor quantum wire in the presence of disorder which arises from the non-smooth interface between the wire and surrounding *** eigenvalues of the corresponding Schrodinger equation,i.e.,the onedimensional exciton Wannier equation with disorder,correspond to the energies of excitons in the quantum *** wavefunctions,in turn,provide information on the optical properties of the *** reformulate the problem of two interacting particles that both can move in one dimension as a stationary eigenvalue problem with two spacial dimensions in an appropriate weak form whose bilinear form is arranged to be symmetric,continuous,and *** disorder of the wire is modelled by adding a potential in the Hamiltonian which is generated by normally distributed random *** numerical solution of this problem is based on adaptive *** scheme allows for a convergence proof of the resulting scheme together with complexity *** examples demonstrate the behavior of the smallest eigenvalue,the ground state energies of the exciton,together with the eigenstates depending on the strength and spatial correlation of disorder.

关键词： Semiconductor quantum wire disorder Schrodinger equation eigenvalue problem weak formulation bounded and coercive bilinear form adaptive wavelet method convergence complexity ground state energies exciton

CRISPR/Cas9-Targeted Knockout of Rice Susceptibility Genes OsDjA2 and OsERF104 Reveals Alternative Sources of Resistance to Pyricularia oryzae

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Rice science 2022年第6期29卷 535-544,I0023-I0030页

作者： Fabiano T.P.KTÁVORA Anne Cécile MEUNIER Aurore VERNET Murielle PORTEFAIX Joëlle MILAZZO Henri ADREIT Didier THARREAU Octávio LFRANCO angela MEHTA Department of Genetics and Biotechnology Federal University of Juiz de ForaJuiz de Fora-MG 36036330Brazil Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Brasília-DF 70770-917Brazil Genetic Improvement and Adaptation of Mediterranean and Tropical Plants Agricultural Research Center for International Development(CIRAD)Montpellier 34398 CEDEX 5France CIRAD-INRAe-Agro Institute University of MontpellierMontpellier 34000France Plant Health Institute of Montpellier CIRADMontpellier 34398France University of Montpellier National Institute of Agronomic ResearchResearch Institute for DevelopmentMontpellier SupAgroMontpellier 34398France Department of Genomics Science and Biotechnology Proteomics Analysis CenterCatholic University of BrasíliaBrasília-DF 71966-900Brazil S-Inova Biotech Catholic University of Dom BoscoCampo Grande-MS 79117-900Brazil

Rice genes OsDjA2 and OsERF104,encoding a chaperone protein and an APETELA2/ethylene-responsive factor,respectively,are strongly induced in a compatible interaction with blast fungus,and also have function in plant susceptibility validated through gene ***,we reported the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of OsDjA2 and OsERF104 genes resulting in considerable improvement of blast resistance.A total of 15 OsDjA2(62.5%)and 17 OsERF104(70.8%)T_(0)transformed lines were identified from 24 regenerated plants for each target and used in downstream *** of homozygous T1 mutant lines revealed not only a significant decrease in the number of blast lesions but also a reduction in the percentage of diseased leaf area,compared with the infected control *** results supported CRISPR/Cas9-mediated target mutation in rice susceptibility genes as a potential and alternative breeding strategy for building resistance to blast disease.

关键词： gene editing plant-pathogen interaction Magnaporthe pathosystem plant immunity blast resistance S-gene rice

Direct and Residual Microbicidal Efficacy of Various Antiseptics against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第4期13卷 596-608页

作者： Jose Ramon Martinez-Mendez Rafael Herruzo angela Ojeda La Paz University Hospital Paseo de la Castellana Madrid Spain Autonomous University of Madrid Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo Madrid Spain

Background: Infections in ICU’s patients are known to often originate from the colonization of wounds by the patient’s endogenous microbiota, and to eventually lead to secondary sepsis. Aim: to compare in vitro the direct and residual effects after different exposure times of 4% chlorhexidine, and of 0.1% and 0.04% polyhexanide (in gel and solution forms), on ATCC-microorganisms, and too, on bacterial strains obtained from ICU patients. Methods: We used wild multi-drug resistant strains recently obtained from the wounds of patients hospitalized at ICU and reference strains from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Chlorhexidine 4% was studied as a reference solution. The direct and residual effects of the 0.1% and 0.04% polyhexanide, in gel and solution forms, were analyzed using cotton germ carriers. To evaluate the direct effect, we exposed the strains to the antiseptic. To assess the residual effect, the germ-carriers were impregnated with antiseptic and were allowed to dry before we contaminated them. We inoculated the germ carriers in a culture medium with an inhibitor of antiseptic effect to count the number of surviving microorganisms. Findings: 0.1% Polyhexanide solution proved a direct and residual efficacy after 24 hours equivalent to 4% chlorhexidine. Is very important to highlight that this great efficacy did not change according to whether they were ATCC or multidrug-resistant strains. Conclusions: 0.1% polyhexanide demonstrated a great direct and residual efficacy (like 4% chlorhexidine), against multi-drug resistant strains isolated from ICU’s patients. Moreover, due to its few cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts can be an optimal antiseptic for burns, wounds or ulcers.

关键词： Antimicrobial Efficacy Antiseptic Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria Tissue Toxicity Wounds

Siderophore-Producing Rhizobacteria as a Promising Tool for Empowering Plants to Cope with Iron Limitation in Saline Soils:A Review

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Pedosphere 2019年第4期29卷 409-420页

作者： Maria J.FERREIRA Helena SILVA angela CUNHA Biology Department and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies(CESAM) University of Aveiro Campus de Santigo

Iron(Fe) bioavailability to plants is reduced in saline soils;however, the exact mechanisms underlying this effect are not yet completely understood. Siderophore-expressing rhizobacteria may represent a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers by simultaneously tackling salt-stress effects and Fe limitation in saline soils. In addition to draught, plants growing in arid soils face two other major challenges: high salinity and Fe deficiency. Salinity attenuates growth, affects plant physiology, and causes nutrient imbalance,which is, in fact, one of the major consequences of saline stress. Iron is a micronutrient essential for plant development, and it is required by several metalloenzymes involved in photosynthesis and respiration. Iron deficiency is associated with chlorosis and low crop productivity. The role of microbial siderophores in Fe supply to plants and the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) on the mitigation of saline stress in crop culture are well documented. However, the dual effect of siderophore-producing PGPR, both on salt stress and Fe limitation, is still poorly explored. This review provides a critical overview of the combined effects of Fe limitation and soil salinization as challenges to modern agriculture and intends to summarize some indirect evidence that argues in favour of siderophore-producing PGPR as biofertilization agents in salinized soils. Recent developments and future perspectives on the use of PGPR are discussed as clues to sustainable agricultural practices in the context of present and future climate change scenarios.

关键词： aridity bioavailability biofertilizer Fe deficiency high salinity plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) saline stress soil salinization

Add on the next level—the time point of the type I IFN response orchestrates the immune response

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第8期17卷 791-793页

作者： angela Wedekind David Fritzsch Andrea Kröger Research Group Molecular Microbiology Institute of Microbiology and Hospital HygieneOtto von Guericke University39120MagdeburgGermany Research Group Innate Immunity and Infection Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research38124BraunschweigGermany

The directed control of an effective cellular or adaptive immune response is the aim of vaccine strategies and tumor *** antibodies prevent the spread of pathogens,while efficient cellular immunotherapy is used to overcome T-cell exhaustion and unresponsiveness toward *** such settings,the type I interferon(IFN)system mediates pleiotropic effects of the immune system that can be either immunostimulating or *** a recent work,De Giovanni et *** a novel regulatory checkpoint by which type I IFN regulates CD4^(+)T-cell *** study dissects the time point of type I IFN induction as a central regulator of the adaptive immune response that determines the balance between humoral and cellular *** findings identify an intriguing and previously undescribed checkpoint that can potentially be manipulated for ***,the authors demonstrate that CD4^(+)T-cell polarization could be influenced by manipulating the IFN response during infection.

关键词： al. vaccine interferon

Assessing Factors for Occurrence of Road Accidents in Tanzania Using Panel Data Analysis: Road Safety Perspective

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第1期12卷 123-136页

作者： Ndume Vitalis angela-Aida Karugila Runyoro Majige Selemani Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology Dar es Salaam Tanzania National Institute of Transport Dar es Salaam Tanzania Bank of Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania

This study assessed critical factors for road traffic accidents and associated mitigation to reduce the accidents by the year 2030. The study was guided by research questions, what are the major causatives of road accidents and how to mitigate the problem. The study used secondary data collected from the repository database of traffic police at the division of Tanzania Road Safety Squad. Data were collected at the events of accident occurrences and reported annually by regions. Panel data analysis was used to allow for controlling variables which cannot be observed over time and across areas such as regions. Pooled Poisson model, fixed effect and random effect Poisson model was applied to assess factors for road traffic accidents. Fixed effect model was the best model with a reasonably good fit. Results indicated that all predictors are significant under fixed effect Poisson model with a p-value less than 0.05 but Passengers and Railway crossing road was found insignificant and dropped in the final model. Laws and regulatory frameworks should be formulated and enforced promptly for Tanzania may reach the target of 2nd decade of action for roads safety 2021-2030.

关键词： Road Accidents Panel Data Analysis Fatal Accidents Pedestrian Crossing Dangerous Driving Reckless Driving