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LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND LIFE-CYCLE COST AS COLLABORATIVE TOOLS IN RESIDENTIAL HEATING SYSTEM SELECTION

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Journal of Green Building 2010年第3期5卷 107-115页

作者： Scott Glick angela A.Guggemos Colorado State University Department of Construction Management1584 Campus DeliveryFort CollinsCO80523-1584

Typically the selection of a residential heating system focuses on first costs rather than the economic or environmental life cycle *** use of life cycle assessment and life cycle cost methodologies in the design phase provide additional criteria for consideration when selecting a residential heating system.A comparative case study of a gas forced air and radiant solar heating system was conducted for a 3,000 square foot house located in Fort Collins,Colorado,*** initial results of an analysis of the life cycle assessment and the life cycle cost data indicated the gas forced air system was superior,both environmentally and *** data analysis pinpointed solar radiant system components for replacement in an effort to reduce both life cycle environmental emissions and *** analysis resulted in a hybrid radiant system using a high-efficiency gas-fired boiler,a choice that lowered both the solar radiant system’s costs and *** new system had slightly lower environmental impacts than both the gas forced air system and solar radiant *** the hybrid system had less impact on the life cycle cost with the hybrid system substantially more expensive then the gas-forced air alternative.

关键词： life cycle cost LCC life cycle assessment LCA residential heating systems

Breast cancer liver metastasis:time to resection and criteria

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第5期11卷 749-751页

作者： Francesco Giovinazzo angela Bucaro Salvatore Agnes General Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino GemelliRomeItaly

A manuscript recently published by Grazi pools outcomes from data on patients undergoing surgical resection for breast cancer liver metastases(BCLMs).In the manuscript,Grazi shows no definitive proof of liver resections(LR)effectiveness for ***,the author suggests surgery may be possible in selected patients(1-3).Several retrospective case series have been published evaluating patients’survival following resection for BCLM,reporting results for 5-year overall and disease-free *** tries to make recommendations based on the data that show which patients have a good prognosis following liver ***,the conclusion that surgical treatment is an option with a survival advantage for selected patients is not evident in the current literature as the criteria for surgery are not well established.

关键词： resection surgery cancer

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Good guys with guns

Good guys with guns

Strategies for prevention and management of partial flap loss or fat necrosis in microvascular autologous breast reconstruction

作者： Stroud angela

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2023年第1期10卷 295-304页

作者： Gabriela D García Nores angela Cheng Department of Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA

Partial flap loss(skin involved)or fat necrosis following autologous breast reconstruction remains a dreaded postoperative complication despite significant advances in microsurgical *** strategies have been proposed in the preoperative and intraoperative period to prevent this complication ranging from preoperative imaging,intra-operative tissue perfusion assessment,appropriate perforator selection(location and number),maximizing inflow and outflow with additional anastomoses and/or pedicles,and minimizing ischemia *** management of partial flap loss(when there is skin involvement)and fat necrosis remains a challenge,with very little published data focusing on classification,timing,and *** intervention versus close observation may depend on multiple patient factors and the degree or volume of *** intervention options include hyperbaric oxygen therapy,fat aeration with a needle,liposuction,fat grafting,addition of another flap or implant,depending on the nature of the *** review summarizes the current evidence for each of these strategies to help the current surgeon understand their options in preventing and managing patients suffering from partial flap loss.

关键词： Partial flap loss fat necrosis prevention of fat necrosis

Designing the new generation of intelligent biocompatible carriers for protein and peptide delivery

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2018年第2期8卷 147-164页

作者： angela M.Wagner Margaret P.Gran Nicholas A.Peppas McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Institute for Biomaterials Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine The University of Texas at Austin Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin Division of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy The University of Texas at Austin

Therapeutic proteins and peptides have revolutionized treatment for a number of diseases, and the expected increase in macromolecule-based therapies brings a new set of challenges for the pharmaceutics field. Due to their poor stability, large molecular weight, and poor transport properties,therapeutic proteins and peptides are predominantly limited to parenteral administration. The short serum half-lives typically require frequent injections to maintain an effective dose, and patient compliance is a growing issue as therapeutic protein treatments become more widely available. A number of studies have underscored the relationship of subcutaneous injections with patient non-adherence, estimating that over half of insulin-dependent adults intentionally skip injections. The development of oral formulations has the potential to address some issues associated with non-adherence including the interference with daily activities, embarrassment, and injection pain. Oral delivery can also help to eliminate the adverse effects and scar tissue buildup associated with repeated injections. However, there are several major challenges associated with oral delivery of proteins and peptides, such as the instability in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract, low permeability, and a narrow absorption window in the intestine. This review provides a detailed overview of the oral delivery route and associated challenges. Recent advances in formulation and drugdelivery technologies to enhance bioavailability are discussed, including the co-administration of compounds to alter conditions in the GI tract, the modification of the macromolecule physicochemical properties, and the use of improved targeted and controlled release carriers.

关键词： Oral delivery Hydrogels Protein delivery Peptide delivery Carbohydrates Mucoadhesion

Hepatobiliary tuberculosis in the developing world

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第10期15卷 2305-2319页

作者： Ma Jenina angela Esguerra-Paculan Jonathan Soldera Acute Medicine University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Hepatobiliary tuberculosis is a challenging disease that poses diagnostic difficulties due to its resemblance to other *** diagnosis may lead to inadequate treatment,thus necessitating an urgent need for accurate diagnosis and appropriate *** To systematically review case reports on hepatobiliary tuberculosis,focusing on symptomatology,diagnostic procedures,management,and outcomes to provide patient safety and ensure an uneventful *** A systematic search was conducted on PubMed from 1992 to 2022,using keywords such as hepatobiliary,liver,tuberculosis cholangitis,cholangiopathy,and *** case reports or case series in English were included in the study,and research papers published as abstracts were *** search yielded a total of 132 cases,which were further narrowed down to 17 case studies,consisting of 24 cases of hepatobiliary *** The 10 most common symptoms observed in these cases were fever,abdominal pain,weight loss,jaundice,anorexia,generalized weakness,pruritus,chills,fatigue,and chest *** findings in these cases included hepatomegaly,hepatic nodules,elevated liver enzymes,and elevated *** tomography scan and ultrasound of the abdomen were the most useful diagnostic tools *** demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis confirmed the cases of hepatobiliary *** regimens commonly used included Rifampicin,Isoniazid,Pyrazinamide,and *** of the 24 cases,18 presented improvements while 4 had completely *** Hepatobiliary tuberculosis is a disease that requires accurate diagnosis and appropriate management to avoid complications.

关键词： Tuberculosis Hepatic/diagnosis Cholangitis Sclerosing/complications Ultrasonography Interventional/methods Biopsy Needle/utilization Treatment Outcome

Video quality based link adaptation for low latency video transmission over WLANs

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第5期7卷 847-856页

作者： FERR Pierre DOUFEXI angela CHUNG-HOW James NIX Andrew BULL David University of Bristol Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Centre for Communications Research Bristol BS8 1UB UK ProVision Communication Technologies Bristol BS4 4EU UK

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) such as IEEE 802.11a/g and Hiperlan/2 utilise numerous transmission modes, each providing different throughputs and reliability levels. Many link adaptation algorithms proposed in the literature either maximise the error-free data throughput based on channel conditions or are based on the number of failed transmissions. However, these algo- rithms do not take into account the content of the data stream and strongly rely on the use of Automatic Repeat Requests (ARQs). Low latency video applications such as real-time video transmission may require no retransmission, or only a limited number of retrans- missions. Moreover, completely error-free communication is not essential, especially if robust video compression techniques are applied. In such scenarios, improved decoded video quality can be obtained with a video stream transmitted at a higher bit rate using a higher link speed but with some degree of transmission error, rather than an error-free video stream at a lower bit rate using a lower link speed. In this work, we investigate a link adaptation scheme that improves the Quality of Service (QoS) for video transmission, based on the overall received video quality (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, PSNR), rather than by maximising the error-free throughput. We also study a practical link adaptation approach that uses PER thresholds at the PHY layer. An empirical study showed that thresholds for switching from one mode to another are much lower (almost error free) than those currently used by throughput based schemes. We show that traditional link adaptation strategies are not appropriate for real-time video transmission with no retransmis- sion. Simulation results using the H.264 video compression standard over IEEE 802.11a are presented.

关键词： Link adaptation Wireless LAN Video quality Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) Packet Error Rate (PER)

Contemporary meta-analysis of short-term probiotic consumption on gastrointestinal transit

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第21期22卷 5122-5131页

作者： Larry E Miller angela K Zimmermann Arthur C Ouwehand Miller Scientific Consulting Inc. Asheville NC 28803 United States DuPont Nutrition and Health FIN-02460 Kantvik Finland

AIM: To determine the efficacy of probiotic supplementation on intestinal transit time(ITT) in adults and to identify factors that influence these outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of probiotic supplementation that measured ITT in adults. Study quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. A random effects meta-analysis was performed with standardized mean difference(SMD) of ITT between probiotic and control groups as the primary outcome. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses examined the impact of moderator variables on SMD of ***: A total of 15 clinical trials with 17 treatment effects representing 675 subjects were included in this analysis. Probiotic supplementation was moderately efficacious in decreasing ITT compared to control, with an SMD of 0.38(95%CI: 0.23-0.53, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated statistically greater reductions in ITT with probiotics in subjects with vs without constipation(SMD: 0.57 vs 0.22, P < 0.01) and in studies with high vs low study quality(SMD: 0.45 vs 0.00, P = 0.01). Constipation(R^2 = 38%, P < 0.01), higher study quality(R^2 = 31%, P = 0.01), older age(R^2 = 27%, P = 0.02), higher percentage of female subjects(R^2 = 26%, P = 0.02), and fewer probiotic strains(R^2 = 20%, P < 0.05) were predictive of decreased ITT with probiotics in meta-regression. Medium to large treatment effects were identified with B. lactis HN019(SMD: 0.67, P < 0.001) and B. lactis DN-173 010(SMD: 0.54, P < 0.01) while other probiotic strains yielded negligible reductions in ITT relative to ***: Probiotic supplementation is moderately efficacious for reducing ITT in adults. Probiotics were most efficacious in constipated subjects, when evaluated in high-quality studies, and with certain probiotic strains.

关键词： Constipation Gastrointestinal Intestinal transit time Meta-analysis Probiotics

The Effect of Printing Parameters and Wood Surface Preparation on the Adhesion of Directly 3D-Printed PLA on Wood

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第7期10卷 1787-1796页

作者： Daša KrapežTomec angela Balzano JureŽigon MilanŠernek Mirko Kariž Department of Wood Science and Technology Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana1000Slovenia

As additive manufacturing technologies advance,new opportunities are opening up for their application in the furniture *** remains one of the leading raw materials in the furniture industry;therefore,possible options for combining it with 3D printing have been *** bonding of 3D-printed polymer parts with wood or 3D printing with wood-plastic composites is already known,but in our research we attempted to directly 3D print polylactic acid(PLA)on wood *** effect of printing parameters,as well as the surface preparation of wood on the shear strength of the bond between wood and on-printed material was *** images of cross-sections of samples were *** results show that with a lower initial layer thickness(0.1 mm),a higher printing temperature(220℃),and with the use of polyvinyl acetate(PVAc)primer on the wood surface before 3D printing,a higher bond strength(5.4 MPa)was achieved,but the values for the bond strength remain low compared to the conventional bonding of wood to wood with PVAc adhesive(around 10 MPa).Microscopy studies revealed barely visible penetration of PLA into the lumens of the wood ***,the PVAc adhesive used as primer penetrated more into the cell lumens and served as interface layer between deposited melted PLA and the wood,thus creating stronger joints.

关键词： FDM direct 3D printing adhesion printing parameters wood PLA PVAc