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Effects of environmental variability on superspreading transmission events in stochastic epidemic models

Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 560-583页

作者： Nika Shakiba Christina J.Edholm Blessing O.Emerenini Anarina l.Murillo angela Peace Omar Saucedo Xueying Wang linda J.S.Allen School of Biomedical Engineering University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Department of Mathematics Scripps CollegeClaremontCAUSA Department of Mathematics Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA Department of Pediatrics and Center for Statistical Sciences Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Department of Mathematics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Washington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA School of Mathematical Sciences Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNYUSA

Superspreaders(individuals with a high propensity for disease spread)have played a pivotal role in recent emerging and re-emerging *** disease outbreak studies,host heterogeneity based on demographic(***,sex,vaccination status)and environmental(***,urban/rural residence,clinics)factors are critical for the spread of infectious diseases,such as Ebola and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MERS).Transmission rates can vary as demographic and environmental factors are altered naturally or due to modified behaviors in response to the implementation of public health *** this work,we develop stochastic models to explore the effects of demographic and environmental variability on human-to-human disease transmission rates among superspreaders in the case of Ebola and *** show that the addition of environmental variability results in reduced probability of outbreak occurrence,however the severity of outbreaks that do occur *** observations have implications for public health strategies that aim to control environmental variables.

关键词： Superspreader MERS Ebola Environmental variability Stochastic models

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Impact of chronic exposure to bevacizumab on EpCAM-based detection of circulating tumor cells

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2015年第5期27卷 491-496页

作者： Chiara Nicolazzo Isabella Massimi lavinia V.lotti Simone Vespa Cristina Raimondi Fabio Maria Pulcinelli angela Gradilone Paola Gazzaniga Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare Sapienza Università di Roma Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Sapienza Università di Roma

Background： Circulating tumor cells （CTCs） are often undetected through the immunomagnetic epithelial cell adhesion molecule （EpCAM）-based CellSearch~ System in breast and colorectal cancer （CRC） patients treated with bevacizumab （BEV）, where low CTC numbers have been reported even in patients with evidence of progression of disease. To date, the reasons for this discrepancy have not been clarified. This study was carried out to investigate the molecular and phenotypic changes in CRC cells after chronic exposure to BEV in vitro. Methods： The human CRC cell line WiDr was exposed to a clinically relevant dose of BEV for 3 months in vitro. The expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers and EpCAM isoforms was determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence. To evaluate the impact of EpCAM variant isoforms expression on CTC enumeration by CellSearch, untreated and treated colon cancer cells were spiked into 7.5 ml of blood from a healthy donor and enumerated by CellSearch. Results： Chronic exposure of CRC cell line to BEV induced decreased expression of EpCAM 40 kDa isoform and increased expression EpCAM 42 kDa isoform, together with a decreased expression of cytokeratins （CK）, while no evidence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition （EMT） in treated cells was observed. The recovery rate of cells through CellSearch was gradually reduced in course of treatment with BEV, being 84% , 70% and 40% at l, 2 and 3 months, respectively. Conclusions： We hypothesize that BEV may prevent CellSearch from capturing CTCs through altering EpCAM isoforms.

关键词： Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) isoform bevacizumab(BEV) colorectal cancer (CRC)

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Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and tissue resident memory cells in colorectal cancer based on microsatellite instability and BRAF status

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2021年第4期12卷 238-248页

作者： James Wei Tatt Toh angela l Ferguson Kevin J Spring Hema Mahajan Umaimainthan Palendira Division of Surgery and Anaesthesia Department of Colorectal SurgeryWestmead HospitalWestmead Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneyIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchWestmead 2145NSWAustralia Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthHuman Viral&Cancer ImmunologyCentenary InstituteCharles Perkin CentreThe University of SydneySydney 2000NSWAustralia Medical Oncology Group Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool HospitalLiverpool Clinical SchoolUniversity of Western SydneySouth Western Clinical School UNSWLiverpool 2170NSWAustralia Department of Anatomical Pathology ICPMRWestmead HospitalWestmead 2145NSWAustralia Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydney 2000NSWAustralia

BACKGROUND Recent studies in non-colorectal malignancy have associated T resident memory(T_(RM)) cells with improved patient survival. It is unknown if T_(RM) plays a role in colorectal cancer(CRC).AIM To examine the potential role of T_(RM) cells in providing immunogenicity in CRC stratified by microsatellite instability(MSI) and BRAF *** Patients with known MSI and BRAF mutation status were eligible for inclusion in this study. CRC tumour sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin were microscopically reviewed and the images scanned prior to assessment for location of invading edge and core of tumour. Sequential sections were prepared for quantitative multiplex immunohistochemistry(IHC) staining. Opal Multiplex IHC staining was performed with appropriate positive and negative controls and imaged using a standard fluorescent microscope fitted with a spectral scanning camera(Mantra) in conjunction with Mantra snap software. Images were unmixed and annotated in in Form 2.2.0. Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad Prism Version 7 and Stata Version *** Seventy-two patients with known MSI and BRAF status were included in the study. All patients were assessed for MSI by IHC and high resolution capillary electrophoresis testing and 44 of these patients successfully underwent quantitative multiplex IHC staining. Overall, there was a statistically significant increase in CD8+ T_(RM) cells in the MSI(BRAF mutant and wild type) group over the microsatellite stable(MSS) group. There was a statistically significant difference in CD8+ T_(RM) between high level MSI(MSI-H):BRAF mutant [22.57, 95% confidence interval(CI): 14.31-30.84] vs MSS [8.031(95%CI: 4.698-11.36)], P = 0.0076 and MSI-H:BRAF wild type [16.18(95%CI: 10.44-21.93)] vs MSS [8.031(95%CI: 4.698-11.36)], P = 0.0279. There was no statistically significant difference in CD8 T cells(both CD8+CD103-and CD8+CD103+T_(RM)) between MSI-H: BRAF mutant and wild type *** This study has

关键词： Tissue resident memory cells Resident memory T cells Colorectal cancer Microsatellite instability BRAF DNA mismatch repair Immunotherapy Prognosis

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Effect of moisture on physical parameters of timber from Turkey oak (Quercus cerris l.) coppice in Central Italy

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Forestry Studies in China 2011年第4期13卷 276-284页

作者： angela lO MONACO luigi TODARO Mara SARlATTO Raffaello SPINA luca CAlIENNO Rodolfo PICCHIO Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture Forests Nature and Energy University of Tuscia Department of Crop Systems Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Basilicata Agricultural Research Council

This study aims to investigate wood density at different levels of moisture, basic density and shrinkage of timber from Turkey oak （Quercus cerris l.） coppice forests growing in Central Italy. We also studied the variability in density in the trees within and among sites. Density shows no significant statistical differences in the tested population. A higher variability in the shrinkage than in the density was found. Wood moisture is referred to as dry mass and fresh mass, which is related to many performance characteristics of wood, i.e., energy production. Trends in moisture and water content were studied because these physical parameters play an important role in the specific area of firewood which requires an accurate estimation of mass, volume and energy content. This work is a contribution to improve xylo-energy estimates of small and medium forestry issues.

关键词： wood density coppice moisture content Quercus cerris l. shrinkage

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Stumpage value in the short wood system for the conversion into high forest of a oak coppice

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Forestry Studies in China 2011年第4期13卷 252-262页

作者： Rodolfo PICCHIO Raffaello SPINA Mauro MAESANO Francesco CARBONE angela lO MONACO Enrico MARCHI Department of Agriculture Forests Nature and Energy (DAFNE) University of Tuscia Via San Camillo de Lellis Viterbo 01100 Italy EcoGeoFor lab Department of Science and Technology for the Environment and Territory (STAT) University of Molise Contrada Fonte Lappone Isernia 86090 Italy Department of Ecology and Sustainable Economic Development University of Tuscia Via San Camillo de Lellis Viterbo 01100 Italy Department of Agricultural and Forest Economics Engineering Sciences and Technologies University of Florence Via San Bonaventura 13 Florence 50145 Italy

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the costs of different logging systems, in particular considering three different bunching-extraction methods. Moreover the stumpage value of each plot was calculated, and a comparison analysis of the results is presented. The work was carried out in Central Italy, in an aged Quercus cerris l. coppice in hill zones, with a 45% average slope. Short wood system harvesting was applied. Felling and processing were performed by chainsaw, while extraction with three different methods： plot No. 1 with mules, plot No. 2 with a tractor with winch, plot No. 3 with polyethylene chute line. Transport of firewood from the forest track to the landing was made by a tractor loaded as a mule. In the plot No. 1 the costs per unit mass （30.76 ∈·t33% ^-1） were higher despite having the lower cost per hour （39.99∈·th^- 1）. The reason was the lower productivity （1.3 t33%·h^-1）. The plot No. 2 had the highest cost per hour （66.79 ∈·h^-1）. However, productivity was the highest （2.7 t33%·h^- 1）. This aspect was notable from the financial point of view （24.74 ∈·t33%^-1）. Plot No. 3 was the less expensive （23.92 ∈·t33%^-1）. Comparing the three methods, a reduction of the costs through more appropriate extraction systems may increase the stumpage value from 8.3 to 9.65 ∈·t33%^- 1.

关键词： extraction financial analysis stumpage value coppice

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Amphibians and Reptiles of luzon Island,V:The Herpetofauna of Angat Dam Watershed,Bulacan Province,luzon Island,Philippines

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Asian Herpetological Research 2011年第4期2卷 177-198页

作者： David S.MClEOD Cameron D.SIlER Arvin C.DIESMOS Mae l.DIESMOS Vhon S.GARCIA angela O.ARKONCEO Kelvin l.BAlAQUIT Charlene C.UY Mariden M.VIllASERAN Earle C.YARRA Rafe M.BROWN Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Kansas LawrenceKS 66045-7561USA Herpetology Section Zoology DivisionPhilippine National MuseumRizal ParkBurgos St.Ermita 1000ManilaPhilippines University of Santo Tomas Espana BoulevardSampaloc 1015ManilaPhilippines

We report amphibian and reptile distribution records based on recent biodiversity surveys conducted at the Angat Watershed Reservation, Bulacan Province, luzon Island, Philippines. This watershed constitutes the principal water source for Manila, the Philippines＇ largest metropolitan area. As virtually nothing is known of the herpetological diversity of the immediate area and the surrounding Bulacan Province, all species recorded as part of our surveys constitute major geographical records and/or significant range extensions. Our data result in a total of 63 new records of amphibian （19 frogs） and reptile （22 lizards, 2 turtles, and 20 snakes） species for this protected area （and immediate vicinity） that serves as a watershed for the major metropolitan area of Manila and surrounding cities. Together with the few previous literature records, our new records bring the total number of amphibian and reptile species for Bulacan Province to 68. We discuss several strategies for future survey work （focusing on habitat type, seasonal variation, and elevational variability） that we anticipate will result in increased knowledge of diversity within the Angat Watershed Reserve. The impressive level of herpetological diversity within such a small area, so close to Metro Manila, emphasizes that the diversity and distribution patterns of amphibians and reptiles from luzon are still poorly known and in need of further study.

关键词： amphibians Anagat Dam diversity Philippines reptiles

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Alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary glands evoked by subacute chlorpyrifos administration in Wistar rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第8期2卷 645-650页

作者： angela J Umosen Suleiman F Ambali Joseph O Ayo Bisala Mohammed Chidiebere Uchendu Department of Veterinary Pharmacology Ahmadu Bello University Department of Veterinary Physiology Ahmadu Bello University Department of Veterinary Pathology Ahmadu Bello University

Objective:To evaluate the alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland induced by subacute chlopyrifos（CPF） exposure in ***:Forty adult male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 10 animals were used for the *** I received soya oil（2 ml/kg） while group II was administered with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg）.Group III was administered CPF only(8.5 mg/kg l/10th of the lD50) while group Ⅳ was pretreated with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg） and then exposed to CPF（8.5 mg/kg）,10 min *** regimens were administered by gavage once daily for a period of 28 *** the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed and the testicular tissues and pituitary glands were evaluated for the malonaldehyde（MDA） concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT）.Results:CPF increased MDA concentrations and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT in the testes and pituitary *** pretreatment reduced the testicular and pituitary MDA concentrations and improves the SOD and CAT ***:the study showed that subacute CPF-induced oxidative stress in the testes and pituitary glands were alleviated by melatonin due to its antioxidant property.

关键词： Chlorpyrifos Oxidative stress Testes Pituitary glands Alleviation Melatonin

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Use of Panoramic Radiographs to Detect Signs of Osteoporosis in Edentulous

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Health 2015年第12期7卷 1671-1677页

作者： lílian Tedeschi Ramalli angela Jordao Camargo Solange Aparecida Caldeira Monteiro Plauto Christopher Aranha Watanabe Department of Stomatology Public Oral Health and Forensic DentistryRibeirao Preto Dental SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSPBrazil Department of Stomatology School of DentistryUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil

Objective: The objective is to analyze the importance of panoramic and carpal radiographs for evaluation of edentulous individuals in different ages, demonstrating the contribution of different dental radiographic techniques in detecting patients with signs of osteoporosis. Methods: The study was developed using panoramic and carpal digital radiographs of 30 edentulous women (age ranged 50 - 90 years). The panoramic radiographs were performed to measure the thickness of the mental index—MI and gonial index—GI, and evaluation of the morphology of the mandibular cortical shape (Klemetti classification). The carpal radiographs were performed to measure the cortical thickness of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metacarpals (metacarpal index). Statistics analyzed the relationship of these indices with the patient’s age and the contribution of dental radiographs in detecting patients at risk for osteoporosis. Results: The average age of subjects was 68.43 years. In the analysis of cortical thickness of the panoramic radiographs, the mean values of mental index (MI) and gonial index (GI) for the age group 50 to 59 years were considered normal values (≥3.1 mm and ≥1.2 mm , respectively). To analyze the morphology of the cortex, the C3 group corresponded to the majority of cases (43.33%). The higher the age range, more morphological changes were observed (sum of the characteristics of groups C2 and C3). For the hand-wrist radiographs, the highest values of the metacarpal index (BMI) were found in the youngest age group (50 - 59 years). Conclusions: There was positive correlation between age and indices of quantitative assessment (IM, IG, BMI) and qualitative (analysis Klemetti) on panoramic and carpal radiographs. Age is a risk factor for the onset of osteoporosis.

关键词： Panoramic Radiography Elderly Osteoporosis Mandible Metacarpus

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Contribution of attachment insecurity to health-related quality of life in depressed patients

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2013年第2期3卷 41-49页

作者： Alexander M Ponizovsky angela Drannikov Mental Health Services Ministry of Health Talbieh Mental Health Center

AIM: To examine the individual contributions of insecure attachment styles and depression symptom severity to health-related quality of life(HRQo l) in patients diagnosed with adjustment disorder(AJD) with depressed mood. METHODS: Participants were 67 patients diagnosed with International Classification of Diseases, Tenth edition AJD with depressed mood, who completed standardised self-report questionnaires measuring study variables. Mean scores and SDs were computed for the outcome and predictor measures. Pearson correlations among the measures were computed. The study hypotheses were tested using analysis of variance(ANOVA) and multiple regression analyses. All analyses were performed using the SPSS-17 software package(SPSS Inc., Chicago, Il, United States).RESUlTS: ANOVA showed a significant main effect of the insecure attachment styles on depression symptom severity and life satisfaction scores. The results suggestthat depressive symptoms were more severe(F = 4.13, df = 2.67, P life satisfaction was poorer(F = 5.69, df = 2.67, P lently and avoidantly attached patients compared with their securely attached counterparts, whereas the two insecure groups did not significantly differ by these variables. The anxious/ambivalent attachment style and depression symptom severity significantly contributed to HRQo l, accounting for 21.4% and 29.7% of the total variance, respectively [R2 = 0.79; Adjusted R2 = 0.77; F(5, 67) = 33.68, P lling for gender, marital and employment status ***: The results show that the anxious/ambivalent attachment style together with depression symptom severity substantially and independently predict the HRQo l outcome in AJD with depressed mood.

关键词： Attachment insecurity Adult attachment style Health-related quality of life Depression Adjustment disorder

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l-Homoarginine Accumulation in Grass Pea (<i>lathyrus sativus</i>l.) Dry Seeds. A Preliminary Survey

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 207-213页

作者： angela Rose Piergiovanni Anna Damascelli 不详

Grass pea (lathyrus sativus l.) has great agronomic potential as grain and forage legume, and presently is con-sidered as a model crop for sustainable agriculture. However, the development into an important food legume has been hin- dered by the presence of the neurotoxic amino acid β-N-Oxalyl-α, β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP). Recent studies reported that homoarginine (Har) can counteract this toxic action. This research was undertaken to shed light on the variation of Har amount within grass pea. The influence of the environment and of the year-to-year variation of cli- matic conditions was also investigated. Seven Italian grass pea ecotypes were evaluated for two subsequent growing seasons in two locations of southern Italy. In contrast with previous studies collected data evidenced a significant variation of Har amount among the tested ecotypes. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between Har and ODAP level was observed. The effect of year-to-year variation of temperature and rainfall quantity is also discussed.

关键词： Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Ecotype Genetic Variation lathyrus Sativus Non-Protein Amino Acids Rainfall Amount

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