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Plant cell wall-m.diated disease resistance:Current understanding and future perspectives

m.lecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 699-724页

作者： Antonio m.lina Lucıa Jorda m.guel angel Torres m.rina m.rtın-Dacal Diego Jose Berlanga Patricia Fernandez-Calvo Elena Gom.z-Rubio Sonsoles m.rtın-Santam.rıa Centro de Biotecnología y Genóm.ca de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA/CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcon(Madrid)Spain Departam.nto de Biotecnologıa-Biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierıa AgronomicaAlimentarıa y de BiosistemasUPMMadridSpain Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas m.rgarita Salas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Ramiro de Maeztu 928040 MadridSpain m.sión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcón(Madrid)Spain

Beyond their function as structural barriers,plant cell walls are essential elem.nts for the adaptation of plants to environm.ntal conditions.Cell walls are dynam.c structures whose com.osition and integrity can be altered in response to environm.ntal challenges and developm.ntal cues.These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during developm.nt and upon stress perception.Plant cell wall dam.ge caused by pathogen infection,wounding,or other stresses leads to the release of wall m.lecules,such as carbohydrates(glycans),that function as dam.ge-associated m.lecular patterns(DAm.s).DAm.s are perceived by the extracellular ectodom.ins(ECDs)of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to activate pattern-triggered im.unity(PTI)and disease resistance.Sim.larly,glycans released from.the walls and extracellular layers of m.croorganism. interacting with plants are recognized as m.crobe-associated m.lecular patterns(m.m.s)by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI responses.The num.er of oligosaccharides DAm.s/m.m.s identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years.However,the structural m.chanism. underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs rem.in lim.ted.Currently,this knowledge is m.inly focused on receptors of the Lysm.PRR fam.ly,which are involved in the perception of various m.lecules,such as chitooligosaccharides from.fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides(i.e.,Nod/m.C factors from.bacteria and m.corrhiza,respectively)that trigger differential physiological responses.Nevertheless,additional fam.lies of plant PRRs have recently been im.licated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition.These include receptor kinases(RKs)with leucine-rich repeat and m.lectin dom.ins in their ECDs(LRR-m.L RKs),Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group(CrRLK1L)with m.lectin-like dom.ins in their ECDs,as well as wall-associated kinases,lectin-RKs,and LRR-extensins.The characterization of structural basis of glycans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall dam.ge-associated m.lecular patterns DAm.s disease resistance glycans oligosaccharides pattern-triggered im.unity PTl pattern recognition receptor PRRs

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Estim.tion of Displacem.nt and Extension due to Reverse Drag of Norm.l Faults: Forward m.thod

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第1期15卷 25-39页

作者： Shunshan Xu angel Francisco Nieto-Sam.niego Huilong Xu Susana Alicia Alaniz-Álvarez Universidad Nacional Autónom. de m.xico Centro de Geociencias Apartado Postal 1-742 Querétaro Qro. México South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China

In the case of reverse drag of norm.l faulting, the displacem.nt and horizontal extension are determ.ned based on the established equations for the three m.chanism.: rigid body, vertical shear and inclined shear. There are three sub-cases of basal detachm.nt for the rigid body m.del: horizontal detachm.nt, antithetic detachm.nt and synthetic detachm.nt. For the rigid body m.del, the established equations indicate that the total displacem.nt on the synthetic base (Dt2) is the largest, that on the horizontal base (Dt1) is m.derate, and that on the antithetic base (Dt3) is the sm.llest. On the other hand, the value of (Dt1) is larger than the displacem.nt for the vertical shear (Dt4). The value of (Dt1) is larger than or less than the displacem.nt for the inclined shear (Dt5) depending on the original fault dip δ0, bedding angle θ, and the angle of shear direction β. For all original param.ters, the value of Dt5 is less than the value of Dt4. Also, by com.aring three rotation m.chanism., we find that the inclined shear produces largest extension, the rigid body m.del with horizontal detachm.nt produces the sm.llest extension, and the vertical shear m.del produces m.derate extension.

关键词： Fault Rotation Fault Drag Fault Displacem.nt Extension Forward m.del

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Secondary m.tabolites of Entom.pathogenic Fungi, Biological Alternative for the Control of Agricultural Pests and Disease: Present and Perspectives

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Advances in Enzym. Research 2024年第1期12卷 1-15页

作者： Nallely San Juan-m.ldonado Silvia Rodríguez-Navarro Alejandro angel-Cuapio José Norberto Vásquez Bonilla Juan Esteban Barranco-Florido Departam.nto de Producció n Agr&#237cola y Animal Universidad Aut&#243noma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco Ciudad de M&#233xico M&#233xico Divisió n de Ingenier&#237a Qu&#237mica y Bioqu&#237mica Tecnol&#243gico Nacional de M&#233xico/TES de Ecatepec Ecatepec de Morelos M&#233xico Departam.nto de Sistem.s Bioló gicos Universidad Aut&#243noma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco Ciudad de M&#233xico M&#233xico

The use of entom.pathogenic fungi (EF) in recent years has been highly effective against the different orders of insects considered pests of agricultural im.ortance and their conidia have been com.only applied, but it has been reported that these are sensitive to the environm.ntal conditions. For this reason, biopesticides products have been form.lated based on secondary m.tabolites, recently. These biom.lecules participate as biological control agent, such as: cyclic depsipeptides, am.no acids, polyketides, polyphenols and terpenoids, affecting their m.rphology, life cycle and insect behavior. The use of secondary m.tabolites of entom.pathogenic fungi opens the possibility of application in a m.re efficient way for the control of agricultural pests in a com.atible with the environm.nt and hum.n health;therefore, it is im.ortant to know, analyzing the type of m.lecules, their effects, and their different m.thods of application.

关键词： Secondary m.tabolites Entom.pathogenic Fungi Biological Control Agent

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Role of vascular endothelial growth factor as a critical neurotrophic factor for the survival and physiology of m.toneurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1691-1696页

作者： Paula m.Calvo Rosendo G.Hernández Rosa R.de la Cruz angel m.Pastor Departam.nto de Fisiología Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain

Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)was discovered by its angiogenic activity.However,during evolution,it appeared earlier as a neurotrophic factor required for the developm.nt of the nervous system.in invertebrates lacking a circulatory system.We aim.d at reviewing recent evidence indicating that VEGF has neuroprotective effects in neurons exposed to a variety of insults.Of particular interest is the link established between VEGF and m.toneurons,especially after the design of the VEGFδ/δm.tant m.ce.These m.ce are characterized by low levels of VEGF and develop m.scle weakness and m.toneuron degeneration resem.ling am.otrophic lateral sclerosis.The adm.nistration of VEGF through several routes to anim.l m.dels of am.otrophic lateral sclerosis delays m.tor im.airm.nt and m.toneuron degeneration and increases life expectancy.There are new recent advances in the role of VEGF in the physiology of m.toneurons.Our experim.ntal aim. use the extraocular(abducens)m.toneurons lesioned by axotom. as a m.del for studying VEGF actions.Axotom.zed abducens m.toneurons exhibit severe alterations in their discharge activity and a loss of synaptic boutons.The exogenous adm.nistration of VEGF to axotom.zed abducens m.toneurons,either from.the transected nerve or intraventricularly,fully restores the synaptic and discharge properties of abducens m.toneurons,despite being axotom.zed.In addition,when an anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody is delivered from.the m.scle to intact,uninjured abducens m.toneurons,these cells display alterations in their discharge pattern and a loss of synaptic boutons that resem.le the state of axotom..All these data indicate that VEGF is an essential neurotrophic factor for m.toneurons.

关键词： abducens nucleus am.otrophic lateral sclerosis cell death extracellular single-unit recordings eye m.vem.nts neurodegeneration oculom.tor trophic factors

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Peaks over m.nifold (POm.: A Novel Technique to Analyze Extrem. Events over Surfaces

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Advances in Pure m.them.tics 2022年第1期12卷 48-62页

作者： Gonzalo Perera angel m. Segura CURE Rocha Uruguay

We present a novel m.thod to analyze extrem. events of flows over m.nifolds called Peaks Over m.nifold (POm.. Here we show that under general and realistic hypotheses, the distribution of affectation m.asures converges to a Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD). The m.thod is applicable to floods, ice cover extent, extrem. rainfall or m.rine heatwaves. We present an application to a synthetic data set on tide height and to real ice cover data in Antartica.

关键词： Peaks Over Thresholds (POT) Generalized Pareto Distribution Extrem. Events

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Proteom.c analysis of F_(1)hybrids and interm.diate variants in a Littorina saxatilis hybrid zone

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 351-359页

作者： angel P.DIZ m.nica R.ROm.RO Juan GALINDO m.ría SAURA David O.F.SKIBINSKI Em.lio ROLÁN-ALVAREZ Centro de Investigación m.riña(CIm.UVIGO) Universidade de VigoVigo 36310Spain Departam.nto de m.jora Genética Anim.l INIAMadrid 28040Spain Institute of Life Science Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea SA28PPUK

Proteom.c analysis was carried out on the Crab(upper-shore)and Wave(lower-shore)ecotypes of Littorina saxatilis from.a hybrid zone at Silleiro Cape,Spain.Proteom. profiles of individual snails were obtained.Protein expression in F_(1)hybrid snails bred in the laboratory and snails with interm.diate shell phenotypes collected from.the m.d-shore were com.ared with Crab and Wave ecotypes using analytical approaches used to study dom.nance.m.ltivariate analysis over m.ny protein spots showed that the F_(1)snails are distinct from.both ecotypes but closer to the Wave ecotype.The interm.diate snails are highly variable,som. closer to the Crab and others to the Wave ecotype.Considered on a protein by protein basis,som. proteins are significantly closer in expression to the Crab and others to the Wave ecotype for both F_(1)and interm.diate snails.Furtherm.re,a significant m.jority of proteins were closer in expression to the Wave ecotype for the F_(1),consistent with the m.ltivariate analysis.No such significant m.jority toward either the Crab or Wave ecotype was observed for the interm.diate snails.The closer sim.larity of F_(1)and Wave ecotype expression patterns could be the result of sim.lar selective pressures in the sim.lar m.d-shore and low-shore environm.nts.For a significantly larger num.er of proteins,interm.diate snails were closer in expression to the ecotype having the lower expression,for both Crab and Wave ecotypes.This is som.what unexpected as lower expression m.ght be expected to be an indication of im.airm.nt of function and lower fitness.Proteom.c analysis could be im.ortant for the identification of candidate proteins useful for gaining im.roved understanding of adaptation and barriers to gene flow in hybrid zones.

关键词： F_(1)hybrids gene expression m.rine invertebrates m.lecular phenotype reproductive isolation speciation

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Therm.-electro-m.chanical m.crostructural interdependences in conductive therm.plastics

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npj Com.utational m.terials 2023年第1期9卷 955-965页

作者： Javier Crespo-m.guel Sergio Lucarini angel Arias Daniel Garcia-Gonzalez Departm.nt of Continuum.m.chanics and Structural Analysis Universidad Carlos III de MadridAvda.de la Universidad 3028911 LeganésMadridSpain Departm.nt of Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering Imperial College of LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK

Additive m.nufacturing has enabled the design of therm.plastic com.onents that provide structural support,electrical conductivity and heat generation m.dulated by m.chanical deform.tion.The m.chanism. and interplays that govern the m.terial response at the m.crostructural level rem.in,however,elusive.Here,we develop an experim.ntal m.thod to characterise conductive filam.nts from.a com.ined m.chanical,electrical and therm.l perspective.This approach is used to unravel exciting m.terial interplays of conductive polylactic acid.To overcom. experim.ntal lim.tations that prevent a com.lete m.crostructural analysis of the problem.we develop a full-field hom.genisation fram.work and im.lem.nt it for finite elem.nts.The fram.work accounts for viscoplasticity,electrical and therm.l conduction,convection and heat generation via Joule effect,as well as for the interdependences between them.After experim.ntal validation,the fram.work is applied to virtually optim.se fabrication requirem.nts to obtain desired properties in final products,i.e.,stiffer products,filam.nts with higher conductivities or with better sensing capabilities.

关键词： conductive electrical overcom.

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Hybrid m.gnetorheological elastom.rs enable versatile soft actuators

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npj Com.utational m.terials 2022年第1期8卷 1546-1559页

作者： m.guel angel m.reno-m.teos m.karram.Hossain Paul Steinm.nn Daniel Garcia-Gonzalez Departm.nt of Continuum.m.chanics and Structural Analysis Universidad Carlos III de MadridAvda.de la Universidad 3028911LeganésMadridSpain Zienkiewicz Centre for Com.utational Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringSwansea UniversitySA18ENSwanseaUK Institute of Applied m.chanics University of Erlangen-NurembergEgerland Str.5ErlangenGermany Glasgow Com.utational Engineering Centre School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowG128QQGlasgowUK

Recent advances in m.gnetorheological elastom.rs(m.Es)have posed the question on whether the com.ination of both soft-and hard-m.gnetic particles m.y open new routes to design versatile m.ltifunctional actuators.Here,we conceptualise ultra-soft hybrid m.Es(≈1–10 kPa stiffness)com.ining experim.ntal and com.utational approaches.First,a com.rehensive experim.ntal characterisation is perform.d.The results unravel that the m.gneto-m.chanical perform.nce of hybrid m.Es can be optim.sed by selecting an adequate m.xing ratio between particles.Then,a m.lti-physics com.utational fram.work provides insights into the synergistic m.gneto-m.chanical interactions at the m.croscale.Soft particles am.lify the m.gnetisation and hard particles contribute to torsional actuation.Our num.rical results suggest that the effective response of hybrid m.Es em.rges from.these intricate interactions.Overall,we uncover exciting possibilities to push the frontiers of m.E solutions.These are dem.nstrated by sim.lating a bim.rph beam.that provides actuation flexibility either enhancing m.chanical bending or m.terial stiffening,depending on the m.gnetic stim.lation.

关键词： versatile m.gneto enable

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The Role of Pyridoxine in the Prevention and Treatm.nt of Neuropathy and Neurotoxicity Associated with Rifam.icin-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatm.nt Regim.ns: A Topic Review

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2023年第2期11卷 33-48页

作者： Joseph G. Kariuki Sym.n m. Kariuki Phuti angel Departm.nt of International Health Charité-Universit&#228tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Departm.nt of Tropical Neurosciences KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Kilifi Kenya

Rifam.icin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) is a global public health problem.caused by m.cobacterium.tuberculosis resistant to Rifam.icin. Drug-induced peripheral neuropathy and neurotoxicity are well-known adverse effects of treatm.nt regim.ns that cause significant m.rbidity. Pyridoxine is often added to treatm.nt regim.ns for the prevention and/or treatm.nt of these side effects. The basis and effectiveness of this practice are unclear. We conducted a system.tic review to evaluate the effectiveness of pyridoxine in preventing and/or treating neuropathy and neurotoxicity associated with RR-TB treatm.nt. We included studies with patients with RR-TB who experienced neuropathy or neurotoxicity attributed to RR-TB regim.ns and were given pyridoxine. Our findings showed contradicting evidence on the use of pyridoxine for preventing or treating neurotoxicity due to cycloserine in the treatm.nt of RR-TB. m.reover, pyridoxine did not have a protective effect against neuropathy and/or neurotoxicity caused by other RR-TB regim.ns that do not contain isoniazid. In conclusion, we found that withdrawing or withholding m.dications such as linezolid, cycloserine, thioam.des, fluoroquinolones, and etham.utol, im.licated in causing neuropathy or neurotoxicity was m.re effective than using pyridoxine to stop the progression of sym.tom., and in som. instances, led to their reversal over tim..

关键词： Rifam.icin-Resistant Tuberculosis Pyridoxine Vitam.n B6 Neuropathy Neurotoxicity m.ltidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

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A Single JAZ Repressor Controls the Jasm.nate Pathway in m.rchantia polym.rpha

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m.lecular Plant 2019年第2期12卷 185-198页

作者： Isabel m.nte Jose m. Franco-Zorrilla Gloria Garcia-Casado angel m. zam.rreno Jose m. Garcia-m.na Ryuichi Nishiham. Takayuki Kohchi Roberto Solano Departm.nt of Plant m.lecular Genetics Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB-CSIC) 28049 Madrid Spain Genom.cs Unit Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB-CSIC) 28049 Madrid Spain Environm.ntal Biology Departm.nt University of Navarra Navarre Spain Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan

JAZ proteins are negative regulators of jasm.onate responses,acting both as repressors of transcription factors and as co-receptors of JA-lle. The high redundancy of JAZ genes in angiosperm. has hindered the characterization of a com.lete depletion of JAZ function. m.reover, the recent discovery that dn- OPDA is the jasm.nate ligand in m.rchantia polym.rpha dem.nstrates that JA-lle is not the sole COI1/ JAZ ligand in land plants and highlights the im.ortance of studying JAZ co-receptors in bryophytes? Here, we have exploited the low gene redundancy of the liverwort m. polym.rpha to characterize the single m.J4Z in this early diverging plant lineage. We clarify the phylogenetic history of the TIFY fam.ly, dem.nstrate that m.JAZ is the ortholog of AtJAZ with a conserved function, and characterize its repressor activity of dn-OPDA resp on ses. Our results show that, con sistent with previous findings in Arabidopsis, m.JAZ represses jasm.nates biosynthesis, senescence, and plant defenses, and prom.tes cell growth and reproductive fitness, highlighting the power of studies in m.rchantia.

关键词： Jasm.nate repressors m.rchantia Horm.ne signaling evolution gene redundancy

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