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Examples and effects of avalanches on the surface of mountain lakes:Morskie Oko,a case study from Poland(Tatra Mountains)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第2期22卷 375-390页

作者： Adam CHOIŃSKI Wojciech DENEGA andrzej MACIAS Witold PINIARSKI Department of Hydrology and Water Management Faculty of Geographical and Geological SciencesAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznań61680Poland Independent Researcher Poland Landscape Ecology Research Unit Faculty of Geographical and Geological SciencesAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznań61680Poland

This study represents a pioneering effort to analyze the impact of avalanches descending into Morskie Oko from Marchwiczny Gully,the most active avalanche path around the *** focuses on catastrophic avalanches that descended from the analyzed gully,as reported in the literature from the 1900s until ***,only the data collected in recent years,our field studies,combined with modern LIDAR data and GIS-based modeling,allowed us to perform a detailed *** GIS-based approach effectively uses spatial data to address snow avalanche modeling *** the study area lies within Tatra National Park,no official services carry out systematic avalanche monitoring or *** impact of hazardous events,such as snow avalanches,on the most famous Polish mountain lake,Morskie Oko,has been poorly described in the literature and has yet to be ***,to analyze the selected avalanche parameters,we mainly used our ground and additional aerial photographs taken by local mountain services and related field *** analysis resulted in figurative estimates of the extent and volume of avalanche snow and its weight,both on the surface of the ice sheet and the part of the avalanche that did not reach the lake's shore and remained on the slope of Marchwiczny *** example,the values for the mighty avalanche on February 3,2023,are 23,500 m~3 and 4,700 tons on the ice surface and 20,000 m~3 and 4,000 tons on the *** was determined that avalanches that descend onto the studied lake's surface result in its *** process occurs because of sedimentation of slope material carried by avalanches,especially during the final phase of ice cover *** openings appear in the solid ice cover in spring,floating ice can migrate,driven by wind pressure,and deposit avalanche material in various parts of the lake ***,avalanches contributed to the gradual disappearance of the lake.

关键词： Snow avalanches Mountain lakes Sedimentation Morskie Oko Tatra Mountains Avalanche modeling

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An easy,convenient statistical method to analyze bark beetle populations

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第6期34卷 2027-2040页

作者： andrzej Borkowski Department of Environmental Biology Institute of BiologyJan Kochanowski UniversityUniwersytecka 7 Str25-406 KielcePoland

A non-invasive method to estimate the number of Trypodendron lineatum holes on dead standing pines(Pinus sylvestris L.)was developed using linear and nonlinear estimations.A clas sical linear regres sion model was first used to analyze the relationship between the number of holes caused by *** on selected stem units and the total number of holes on an entire dead stem of ***,to obtain a better fit of the regression function to the data for the stem unit selected in the first step,piecewise linear regression(PLR)was ***,in an area used to evaluate wood decomposition(method validation),the total and mean numbers of *** holes were estimated for single dead trees and for a sample(n=8 dead trees).Data were collected in 2009(data set D1),in 2010-2014(data set D2)and in 2020(data set D3)in forests containing *** located within Suchedniow-Oblegorek Landscape Park,Poland.A model was constructed with three linear *** evaluation of model accuracy showed that it was highly effective regardless of the density of *** holes and sample *** method enables the evaluation of the biological role of this species in the decomposition of dead standing wood of *** in strictly protected areas.

关键词： Trypodendron lineatum Pinus sylvestris Population Wood decomposition Forest management Piecewise linear regression

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Some parameters of coal methane system that cause very slow release of methane from virgin coal beds(CBM)

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第2期27卷 321-326页

作者： andrzej Olajossy Faculty of Mining and Ceoengineering ACH University of Science and TechnologyKrakow 30-059Poland

In some worldwide hard coal basins recovery of methane from virgin coal beds is difficult. In general,mentioned difficulties are related to geo-mechanical, petrographical and physical-chemical properties of coals in question, occurring for example in the Bowen Basin(Australia) or the Upper Silesian Coal Basin(Poland). Among numerous properties and parameters, the following are very essential: susceptibility of coal beds to deformation connected with coal stress state change and contemporary shrinkage of the coal matrix during methane desorption. Those adverse geo-mechanical and physical-chemical effects are accompanied by essential change of the porous coal structure, which under these disadvantageous conditions is very complex. This study aims to show difficulties, which occur in phase of recognition of the methane-reach coal deposit. Volume absorbed methane(not surface adsorbed) in sub-micropores having minimal size comparable with gas molecule diameter must possess energy allowing separation of the nodes and methane release to micropores.

关键词： Coal bed methane Porosity Slow desorption Diffusion Virgin bed

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Biologically-Inspired Water Propulsion System

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2013年第3期10卷 274-281页

作者： andrzej Sioma Department of Process Control AGH University of Science and Technology Krak6w Poland

Most propulsion systems of vehicles travelling in the aquatic environment are equipped with propellers. Observations of nature, however, show that the absolute majority of organisms travel through water using wave motion, paddling or using water jet power. Inspired by these observations of nature, an innovative propulsion system working in aquatic environment was developed. This paper presents the design of the water propulsion system. Particular attention was paid to the use of paddling techniques and water jet power. A group of organisms that use those mechanisms to travel through water was selected and analysed. The results of research were used in the design of a propulsion system modelled simultaneously on two methods of movement in the aquatic environment. A method for modelling a propulsion system using a combination of the two solutions and the result were described. A conceptual design and a prototype constructed based on the solution were presented. With respect to the solution developed, studies and analyses of selected parameters of the prototype were described.

关键词： nature-oriented design swimming of molluscs and water beetles jet propulsion bionic propulsion system

Technical problems and non destructive testing of rock bolt support systems in mines

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第1期10卷 124-135页

作者： andrzej Staniek Central Mining Institute Plac Gwarkow 140-166 KatowicePoland

The problem of proper assessment of the technical functionality of rock bolt support systems is still *** research centers have undertaken eforts to diagnose and monitor the technical state of such a support system used in mines and *** that aim the method of quality assessment of grouted rock bolts was invented and a relevant apparatus was *** method concerns non-destructive identifcation of discontinuity of a resin layer(grout)surrounding rock *** method is based on an impact excitation of a rock bolt and uses modal analysis *** that the installed rock bolt acts as an oscillator,diferent lengths and positions of grouting discontinuity alter its modal *** extraction of these modal parameters,of which a resonant frequency is seen as the most valued,enable the relevant identifcation of grout *** constructing a prototype version and validating the results for known cases of resin discontinuity in an experimental coal mine,the apparatus fulflling ATEX requirements was *** that version was also verifed both in laboratory conditions and in an experimental coal *** necessary for proper identifcation of discontinuity length,the reference data base was developed and elaborated consisting of a very large number of fnite element models(FE models),namely discontinuity *** models encountered diferent rock bolt lengths and diameters,diferent rock strata parameters and diferent positions and lengths of resin *** the method was used in a working coal mine to monitor a technical state of rock bolt support system mounted to reinforce long underground *** data base was utilized as reference for investigated rock bolts.

关键词： Rock Rock bolt Safety Modal analysis Mining

Toward integrated detection and graphene-based removal of contaminants in a lab-on-a-chip platform

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Nano Research 2017年第7期10卷 2296-2310页

作者： andrzej Chalupniak Arben Merkoci Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain ICREA Pg. Lluis Companys 23 08070 Barcelona Spain

A novel miniaturized microfluidic platform was developed for the simultaneous detection and removal of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）. The platform consists of a polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） microfluidic chip for an immunoreaction step, a PDMS chip with an integrated screen-printed electrode （SPCE） for detection, and a PDMS-reduced graphene oxide （rGO） chip for physical adsorption and subsequent removal of PBDE residues. The detection was based on competitive immunoassay-linked binding between PBDE and PBDE modified with horseradish peroxidase （HRP-PBDE） followed by the monitoring of enzymatic oxidation of o-aminophenol （o-AP） using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry （SW-ASV）. PBDE was detected with good sensitivity and a limit of detection similar to that obtained with a commercial colorimetric test （0.018 ppb）, but with the advantage of using lower reagent volumes and a reduced analysis time. The use of microfluidic chips also provides improved linearity and a better reproducibility in comparison to those obtained with batch-based measurements using screen-printed electrodes. In order to design a detection system suitable for toxic compounds such as PBDEs, a reduced graphene oxide-PDMS composite was developed and optimized to obtain increased adsorption （based on both the hydrophobicity and rr-v~ stacking between rGO and PBDE molecules） compared to those of non-modified PDMS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of electrochemical detection of flame retardants and a novel application of the rGO-PDMS composite in a biosensing system. This system can be easily applied to detect any analyte using the appropriate immunoassay and it supports operation in complex matrices such as seawater.

关键词： electrochemistry microfluidics graphene oxide flame retardants lab on a chip polydimethylsiloxane

Joining and surfacing of advanced materials

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2004年第Z1期14卷 25-35页

作者： andrzej Kolasa Wladyslaw Wlosinski Department of Joining Engineering Institute of Materials TechnologyWarsaw University of Technology Poland Department of Joining Engineering Institute of Materials TechnologyWarsaw University of Technology Poland

The application of advanced materials, i.e. advanced ceramics, glasses, intermetallic phases and various type of composites, not only depends on their manufacture processes including a great input of know-how, but also on their abilities for processing, among which the joining processes play an important role. The uses of advanced materials are changing rapidly, with a major emphasis on technical applications, especially the components of machines, apparatus and technical devices expected to withstand very heavy exploitation conditions. Furthermore,these materials are becoming more complex, in terms of being strengthened and toughened by transformation processes as well as by the addition of other ceramic or metallic materials including nanomaterials. The successful use of advanced materials requires the development of equally advanced joining materials, processes and technology. Some selected examples of results of joining advanced materials with the use of various procedures as well as surface modification of structural components with the use of advanced materials obtained in the Welding Engineering Department of Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, are presented.

关键词： advanced materials joining surfacing surface modification

Flavonoid-membrane interactions: possible consequences for biological effects of some polyphenolic compounds

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第1期27卷 27-40页

作者： andrzej B HENDRICH 50-368 Wroclaw Department of Biophysics Wroclaw Medical University Poland al.Chalubinskiego 10

Flavonoids are found ubiquitously in higher plants and constitute an importantcomponent of the majority of peoples’ daily *** biological activities offlavonoids cover a very broad spectrum,from anticancer and antibacterial activi-ties through to inhibition of bone *** the present paper,the interac-tions between flavonoids and lipid bilayers as well as biological membranes andtheir components are reviewed,with special emphasis on the structure-activityrelationships and mechanisms underlying the biological activity of flavonoids.

关键词： flavonoids lipid bilayers antioxidation anticancer activity multidrug resistance

Comparative analysis of endoscopic precut conventional and needle knife sphincterotomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第14期19卷 2227-2233页

作者： andrzej Jamry 2~(nd) Surgical Department District Hospital Radomska

AIM:To compare the efficacy,complications and postprocedural hyperamylasemia in endoscopic pre-cut conventional and needle knife ***:We performed a retrospective analysis of two pre-cut sphincterotomy(PS) techniques,pre-cut conventional sphincterotomy(PCS),and pre-cut needle knife(PNK).The study included 143 patients;the classic technique was used in 59 patients(41.3%),and the needle knife technique was used in 84 patients(58.7%).We analyzed the efficacy of bile duct access,the need for a two-step procedure,the rates of complications and hyperamylasemia 4 h after the procedure,"endoscopic bleeding" and the need for bleeding ***,to assess whether the anatomy of the Vater's papilla,indications for the procedure or the need for additional procedures could inform the choice of the PS method,we evaluated the additive hyperamylasemia risk 4 h after the procedure with respect to the above mentioned ***:The bile duct access efficacy with PNK and PCS was 100% and 96.6%,respectively,and the difference between the two groups was not significant(P = 0.06).However,the needle knife technique required two-step access significantly more often,in 48.8% vs8.5% of cases(P 80 U/L,41/84 vs 23/59(P = 0.32);hyperamylasemia 4 h after the procedure > 240 U/L,19/84 vs 11/59(P = 0.71);pancreatic pain,13/84 vs 7/59(P = 0.71);endoscopic bleeding,10/84 vs 8/59(P = 0.97);and the need for bleeding control,10/84 vs 7/59(P = 0.79).In the next part of the study,we analyzed the influence of the method chosen on the risk of hyperamylasemia with respect to an indication for

关键词： Sphincterotomy Endoscopic Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Complications Hyperamylasemia