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Social structure and space use of Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)in Southern Russian Far East based on GPS telemetry data

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第4期10卷 365-375页

作者： Jose A.HERNANDEZ-BLANCO Sergei V.NAIDENkO Maria D.CHISTOPOLOVA Victor S.LUkAREVSkIY Alexey kOSTYRYA Alexandr RYBIN Pavel A.SOROkIN Mikhail N.LITVINOV andrey k.kotlyar Dale G.MIQUELLE Viatcheslav V.ROZHNOV A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of ScienceMoscowRussia V.L.komarov Ussuriskii State Nature Reserve Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of ScienceUssuriskRussia Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of ScienceVladivostokRussia Wildlife Conservation Society VladivostokRussia

To better understand the spatial structure of Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)at the southern edge of their range we fitted 14 tigers(6♀♀and 8♂♂)with 15 GPS-Argos collars between 2008 and 2011 in 2 study sites:the Ussuriskii Reserve of southern Sikhote-Alin and the Land of the Leopard National Park in southwest Primorye,Russian Far *** kernel estimates of male home ranges were larger than those of female home ranges(Pkernel♀=401±205 km2;mean 95%fixed kernel♂=778±267 km2]).The home range size of females varied greatly,but on average was similar to estimates derived from earlier work further *** overlap of adjacent home ranges suggested that females retained exclusive *** core areas of females overlapped only slightly,and remained stable over multiple *** home ranges of adult males were smaller than those of males to the north,and in contrast to previous studies,high overlap among males indicated the absence of ***,real core areas of males did not overlap,suggesting some spatial *** comparison to other tiger populations and other areas of the Russian Far East,the sex ratio in our 2 study areas was highly skewed towards *** believe this skewed sex ratio resulted in the dissolution of territoriality of males due to an inability to defend individual females,with males resorting to scramble competition for *** monitoring of these sites to determine whether shifts in the sex ratio might result in a return to male territoriality would provide confirmation of our tentative hypothesis.

关键词： Amur tiger GPS-Argos telemetry home range overlap Panthera tigris altaica space use social structure sex ratio

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Characterization of Ultra Fine Solids(BS) in Athabasca Bitumen

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2004年第7期23卷 751-754页

作者：李再峰 Judy kUNG 涂云 Luba S.kotlyar keng H.Chung College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyShandong 266042China National Research Council of Canada Institute for Chemical Process andEnvironmental TechnologyMontreal Road CampusOttawaOntarioCanada K1A 0R6 Syncrude Canada Ltd.Edmonton Research Centre9421-17th Avenue EdmontonAlberta Canada T6N 1H4

The ultra fine (<200 nm) inorganic solids (BS) were separated from bitumen which was washed by toluene and centrifugated at 2000 rpm. The result of PAS FTIR and image of TEM showed that the structure of BS particles w... 详细信息

The ultra fine (kaolinite clay. On the surface of BS, both toluene insoluble organic matter and structural OH group are detected at the same time. The surface characteristics imparted a bi-wettable nature to the BS. As a result, the BS is able to stabilize fine water emulsion in the bitumen phase. The organic matter associated with BS is a possible factor of the fouling on catalyst and equipment.

关键词： ultra fine solids characterization bitumen

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油砂沥青改质产品中甲苯不溶物的表征

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石油学报（石油加工） 2004年第1期20卷 68-74页

作者：许志明王宗贤 kotlyar L S CHUNG k H 石油大学重质油加工国家重点实验室北京102200 加拿大国家研究院化工过程与环境技术研究所加拿大合成油公司埃德蒙顿研究中心

油砂沥青及其衍生产品中含有悬浮的甲苯不溶物如粘土和碳质固体颗粒,会导致后续加工过程中的结垢、催化剂失活和床层堵塞。笔者从油砂沥青衍生产品中分离出甲苯不溶物并进行了分析表征。研究发现,油砂沥青渣油中的甲苯不溶物主要是超细... 详细信息

油砂沥青及其衍生产品中含有悬浮的甲苯不溶物如粘土和碳质固体颗粒,会导致后续加工过程中的结垢、催化剂失活和床层堵塞。笔者从油砂沥青衍生产品中分离出甲苯不溶物并进行了分析表征。研究发现,油砂沥青渣油中的甲苯不溶物主要是超细的硅铝酸盐粘土颗粒,结合了部分干酪根成分;焦化渣油和焦化瓦斯油储罐中沉积的甲苯不溶物类似焦炭;焦化瓦斯油中的甲苯不溶物主要是碳质有机物颗粒,但氮、氧含量相对丰富,并含少量矿物质和粘土颗粒,含氮的杂环化合物如吡咯类物质的存在可能是导致焦化瓦斯油中甲苯不溶物生成的主要因素。

关键词：油砂沥青改质甲苯不溶物表征硅铝酸盐粘土颗粒焦炭碳质有机物颗粒微观结构红外光谱分析

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片层硅酸盐用于热固性PU/PLS复合可能性探讨

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光谱学与光谱分析 2005年第10期25卷 1606-1609页

作者：李再峰马仝马细柳 Luba kotlyar 徐春明青岛科技大学化学与分子工程学院山东青岛266042 ICPET National Research Council Montreal RoadOttawaOntarioCanada K1 A 0 R6 石油大学重质油国家重点实验室北京102249

高岭土(kaolinite)和蒙脱土(Montromollite)等粘土,被广泛用作添加剂来改善聚合物的耐热性能.文章用各种先进技术对高岭土与蒙脱土的形态、组成和结构进行表征比较.电子透射电镜及电子探针(TEM/EDX)结果显示高岭土较蒙脱土有较大的粒径... 详细信息

高岭土(kaolinite)和蒙脱土(Montromollite)等粘土,被广泛用作添加剂来改善聚合物的耐热性能.文章用各种先进技术对高岭土与蒙脱土的形态、组成和结构进行表征比较.电子透射电镜及电子探针(TEM/EDX)结果显示高岭土较蒙脱土有较大的粒径和较小的硅铝比,TEM还显示出这些粘土是由片层粒子堆积而成.热重分析(TGA)的结果表明蒙脱土由于失去吸附水从60℃升温至90℃失重明显(约7%),而高岭土在此温度下几乎不失水.高岭土脱除结构羟基官能团脱水失重的温度大约在510℃,低于蒙脱土的670℃.室温下光声傅里叶变换(PAS-FTIR)红外光谱显示蒙脱土在羟基吸收区有较强的吸附水的吸收,1 650 cm-1处孤立的弱吸收谱带可给予左证.变温红外和TGA的结果显示,片层硅酸盐表面的结构羟基从100～500℃非常稳定,它可以和异氰酸酯基团(NCO)封端的预聚物反应形成热固性PU/PLS复合聚合物.

关键词：粘土表征 PU/PLS复合物

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Separation of Toluene Insoluble Matter from Syncrude Coker Heavy Gas Oil

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2003年第6期11卷 747-750页

作者：许志明王宗贤 L.S.kotlyar k.H.Chung State key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China National Research Council of Canada Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental TechnologyOttawaCanadaKIA 0R6 Syncrude Canada Ltd. Edmonton Research CentreEdmontonCanadaT6N 1H4

Toluene insoluble matter (TIM) in coker heavy gas oil (CHGO) from oil sands bitumen is harmful to the downstream hydrotreating, and it may be difficult to be removed by conventional filtration. In order to determine its origin, the TIM must first be separated from CHGO for characterization. Two techniques are described to accomplish this goal. In the ultra-centrifugation approach used in this work, CHGO is blended with a miscible liquid and centrifuged under 366000 G (gravity) force. Through this procedure toluene and hexane diluents yielded TIM contents of 24μg·g-1 and 88μg·g-1 respectively. In an alternative simplified procedure, the initial ultra-centrifugation step is omitted. Several different solvents are evaluated for use as diluents but, in each case, toluene is still used in the subsequent washing steps. TIM contents determined by this method range from 23 to about 200μg·g-1. The amount of TIM separated by means of this method depends primarily on the initial diluent used. Other conditions, such as diluent-oil ratio, water-oil ratio, mixing time, temperature and water pH value, are also studied.

关键词： separation toluene insoluble matter coker heavy gas oil

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Separation and Characterization of Nitrogen-Rich Components in Coker Gas Oils from Athabasca Bitumen

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Petroleum Science 2004年第3期1卷 72-77页

作者：许志明赵锁奇 J.R.Woods L.S.kotlyar k.HChung 石油大学重质油国家重点实验室中国北京昌平102200 加拿大国家研究院化工过程与环境技术研究所加拿大合成油公司埃德蒙顿研究中心

It is well known that gas oils from oilsands bitumen are difficult to hydrotreat. In order to develop the most appropriate flow sheet and operating conditions, a thorough knowledge of the molecular structure and behaviour of bitumen and its gas oil products is needed. In this work, the gas oil samples are fractionated in an attempt to isolate and identify the problematic molecular species for hydrotreating. It is found that the major nitrogen sources in coker gas oils are associated with relatively small pentane insoluble species and an even smaller, highly polar, hexane insoluble species. Structural information obtained for these fractions indicates that they are formed during the cracking of resin molecules. Nitrogen speciation shows that the pyrroles are the primary nitrogen type, with pyridines also being an important species. Both nitrogen species are undesirable in the hydrotreating process. Pyrroles in particular are subject to polymerisation, producing gums and sediments that foul filters and other equipment while pyridines can directly deactivate the hydrotreating catalyst.

关键词： Coker gas oil pentane insoluble hexane insoluble separation characterization

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Origin of Unliberated Bitumen in Athabasca Oil Sands

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Petroleum Science 2005年第1期2卷 9-14页

作者： TuYun J.B.O＇Carroll B.D.Sparks L.S.kotlyar S.Ng k.H.Chung G.Cuddy StatekeyLaboratoryofHeavyOilProcessing UniversityofPetroleumBeijing102249China NationalResearchCouncilofCanada InstituteforChemicalProcessandEnvironmentalTechnologyMontrealRoadCampusOttawaOntarioCanadaKIA0R6 SyncrudeCanadaLtd. EdmontonResearchCentre9421-17thAvenueEdmontonAlbertaCanadaT6N1H4）

Oil sands contain a so-called organic rich solids component (ORS), i.e., solids whose surfaces are strongly associated with toluene insoluble organic matter (TIOM). Typically, humic material is the major component of TIOM. It provides sites for adsorption and chemical fixation of bitumen. This bound bitumen is “unliberated”, and considerable mechanical or chemical energy may be required to release it. In order to establish a correlation between bitumen recovery and ORS content, a few selected oil sands were processed in a Batch Extraction Unit (BEU). Analysis of the middlings and coarse tailings streams from these tests indicated a relatively constant bitumen to ORS ratio of 2.8±0.7. This value allows the liberated-unliberated bitumen balance (LUBB) to be calculated for any given oil sands. The amounts of bitumen recovered as primary froth during the BEU experiments are close to the estimated liberated bitumen contents in each case tested. This observation indicates that the liberated-unliberated bitumen calculation is an important quantitative parameter for prediction of bitumen recovery under specific recovery conditions. Preliminary results indicate that the ORS content of an oil sands may be estimated from the carbon content of bitumen free oil sands solids.

关键词： Oil sands bitumen recovery organic rich solids unliberated bitumen

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