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Non-inclusion of certified herbal medicines in the National Health Insurance Scheme affects patient utilization of the integrated herbal medicine services in Ghana

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Traditional Medicine Research 2022年第4期7卷 75-80页

作者： Anthony Nketia Emmanuel Nakua andrews William Tetteh Kwesi P.Thomford Kwame O.Boadu Ama K.Thomford Department of Health Promotion Education and Disability StudiesSchool of Public HealthKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine University of Cape CoastKumasiGhana Department of Maternal and Child Health Kumasi South HospitalKumasiGhana Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cape CoastKumasiGhana

Background:In 2011,Ghana piloted the integration of herbal medicine services into mainstream health care delivery in selected government hospitals across the *** date,however,no single certified herbal drug is generally covered by the national health insurance *** study evaluated the implications of out-of-pocket payment for prescriptions on the patronage of herbal medicine units in 3 selected government hospitals within Kumasi ***:A cross-sectional study on 413 participants was performed using a semi-structured ***:The majority of study respondents were female(54%),and the median age was 35 *** participants(83.1%)were aware that herbal medicine was integrated in the mainstream health care system of the *** the costs of certified herbal drugs,51.5%of respondents considered them very expensive;72.1%of the respondents believed that the costs of certified herbal drugs adversely affected the utilization of herbal units at government hospitals,which produced a positive correlation(r=0.5498).A total of 99.5%of the respondents recommended the inclusion of certified herbal drugs on the national health insurance drug ***:This study revealed that the costs of certified herbal medicines negatively affect utilization of herbal units at government *** improve the utilization of herbal units,certified herbal drugs dispensed at these units must thus be included in the national health insurance drug list.

关键词： omplementary and alternative medicines herbal medicine primary healthcare universal health coverage

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An ecosystem-based approach to marine risk assessment

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第1期3卷 2-17页

作者： Kirstin Holsman Jameal Samhouri Geoffrey Cook Elliott Hazen Erik Olsen Maria Dillard Stephen Kasperski Sarah Gaichas Christopher R.Kelble Mike Fogarty Kelly andrews Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service7600 Sand Point Way N.E.SeattleWashington 98115 USA Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service2725 Montlake Boulevard EastSeattleWashington 98112 USA Department of Biology University of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida 32816 USA Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service99 Pacific Street Suite 255AMontereyCalifornia 93940 USA Northeast Fisheries Science Center 166 Water StreetWoods HoleMassachusetts 02543 USA Institute of Marine Research P.O.Box 1870 NordnesN-5817BergenNorway NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science 331 Fort Johnson RoadCharlestonSouth Carolina 29412 USA NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory 4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiamiFlorida 33149 USA

Risk assessments quantify the probability of undesirable events along with their *** are used to prioritize management interventions and assess tradeoffs,serving as an essential component of ecosystem-based management(EBM).A central objective of most risk assessments for conservation and management is to characterize uncertainty and impacts associated with one or more pressures of *** assessments have been used in marine resource management to help evaluate the risk of environmental,ecological,and anthropogenic pressures on species or habitats including for data-poor fisheries management(e.g.,toxicity,probability of extinction,habitat alteration impacts).Traditionally,marine risk assessments focused on singular pressure-response relationships,but recent advancements have included use of risk assessments in an EBM context,providing a method for evaluating the cumulative impacts of multiple pressures on multiple ecosystem ***,we describe a conceptual framework for ecosystem risk assessment(ERA),highlighting its role in operationalizing EBM,with specific attention to ocean management *** framework builds on the ecotoxicological and conservation literature on risk assessment and includes recent advances that focus on risks posed by fishing to marine *** review how examples of ERAs from the United States fit into this framework,explore the variety of analytical approaches that have been used to conduct ERAs,and assess the challenges and data gaps that *** review discusses future prospects for ERAs as EBM decision-support tools,their expanded role in integrated ecosystem assessments,and the development of next-generation risk assessments for coupled natural-human systems.

关键词： coupled natural-human systems ecosystem risk assessment ecosystem-based management risk assessment socio-ecological system

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Efficacy of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) after Multiple Subpial Transections (MST) for Extra-Temporal Seizure Foci

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Surgical Science 2013年第5期4卷 273-276页

作者： Arun Angelo Patil Arun Anthony Richard andrews Division of Neurosurgery University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha USA

Background: The effect of Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy following major resective surgeries has been reported. However, the effect of VNS therapy following multiple-subpial-transections (MST) has not been reported. The objective of this paper is to examine the beneficial effect of VNS therapy following MST. Methods: There are 22 patients aged 10 - 55 years. Male/female distribution is 11/11 and follow-up is 24 - 148 months (median of 120 months). Seizure foci were bilateral in 9 patients, multi-lobar (unilateral) in 12 patients and single-lobar in 1 patient. MST was performed over broad areas in and around the seizure foci. VNS implantation was done when the response to MST procedure was poor (1 patients), or there was recurrence of seizures (21 patients). Interval between MST and VNS implanttation varied from one month to three years (median of 2 years). Results: Thirteen patients (59%) are seizure free (Engel’ Class I), 8 (36.5%) have greater than 90% reduction in seizure frequency (Class II), and 1 (4.5%) has between 50% - 90% reduction in seizure frequency (Class III). Conclusion: The results show that VNS therapy produced meaningful improvement in seizure outcome in all patients with extra-temporal seizures that had inadequate response to MST.

关键词： Vagus Nerve Stimulation Multiple Subpial Transaction Intractable Epilepsy

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老年人移动构成的时空--老龄化地理学中非表征理论的引入

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地理科学进展 2015年第12期34卷 1512-1534页

作者： Gavin J.andrews Amanda M.GRENIER 麦克马斯特大学健康、老龄化与社会系吉尔布亚老龄化研究中心

本文主要介绍了非表征理论及其在老龄化地理学研究中的运用。该理论的引入将使老龄化地理学成为一个重新焕发活力的研究领域。该领域涉及老年人生活中广泛而多样的空间移动与体验,涵盖移动的参与者、时效性和感知等维度,从而更好地表达... 详细信息

本文主要介绍了非表征理论及其在老龄化地理学研究中的运用。该理论的引入将使老龄化地理学成为一个重新焕发活力的研究领域。该领域涉及老年人生活中广泛而多样的空间移动与体验,涵盖移动的参与者、时效性和感知等维度,从而更好地表达和反映空间移动的本质特征。

关键词：非表征理论老龄化地理学地理老年学

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西方文化研究的演变对我国体育文化研究的启示

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上海体育学院学报 2014年第1期38卷 47-51页

作者：马德浩季浏 David L. andrews 华东师范大学体育与健康学院上海200241 马里兰大学运动系美国20742

在国家提出文化大发展的战略规划后,复兴体育文化研究的呼声日趋高涨。复兴的前提是找到合适的切入点和研究范式,并结合中国国情进行创造性的解读与建构。基于此,对西方文化研究的发展历程进行谱系性追溯,并对其研究特点及未来走向进行... 详细信息

在国家提出文化大发展的战略规划后,复兴体育文化研究的呼声日趋高涨。复兴的前提是找到合适的切入点和研究范式,并结合中国国情进行创造性的解读与建构。基于此,对西方文化研究的发展历程进行谱系性追溯,并对其研究特点及未来走向进行展望。认为:我国体育文化研究在理论借鉴上应做到"西体中用";在视域选择上应倡导多元化;在方法选择上应强调多样性;在思路把握上应注重交互性。

关键词：西方文化研究中国体育文化演变

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Infrared spectra and DFT calculations on methylidene and methylidyne hydride complexes

Infrared spectra and DFT calculations on methylidene and met...

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第九届全国化学动力学会议

作者： Lester andrews Han-Gook Cho Department of Chemistry University of Virginia P.O.Box 400319CharlottesvilleVA 22904-4319 U.S.A. Department of Chemistry University of Virginia P.O.Box 400319CharlottesvilleVA 22904-4319 U.S.A.

＜正＞Reaction of laser-ablated Zr with CH4 （13CH4, CD4, and CH2D2） in excess neon during condensation at 5 K forms CH2=ZrH2, the simplest carbene metal hydride complex, which is identified by infrared absorptions at 1581.0, 1546.2, 757.0, and 634.5 cm-1. Density functional theory electronic structure calculations using a large basis set with

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A Comparison of Patient Outcomes Following Prosthetic Knee Replacement Using a Variety of Knee Prosthesis: A Ten-Year Study

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第9期4卷 249-256页

作者： Bassel El-Osta Ali Ghoz Alice Dawson Mark andrews St. George’s Hospital London UK Scarborough General Hospital Scarborough UK

There are several prosthetic knee designs currently in use. There are however very few studies comparing long-term functional outcomes between patients using different models of knee pros-thesis in elective knee replacement. In this study, we used the validated Oxford Knee Score (OKS) to retrospectively compare the outcomes of a total of 1635 patients who had an elective total knee replacement in a large District General Hospital, using fifteen different models of knee prosthesis, over a ten-year period. The average scores reported by all patient groups showed significant improvement by three months post-operatively (pre-operative mean score 15.8, post-operative mean score 39.4, p < 0.05), and remained similar for all models of prosthesis used over the total ten-year period. Based on the OKS as an assessment tool, we report no significant difference in long-term functional outcomes for this group of patients following an elective knee replacement, regardless of the type of prosthesis used.

关键词： Patients Outcome Knee Prosthesis Total Knee Replacement Variable Knee Prosthesis OKS on Prosthesis

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Economic Cost of Pedestrian Injuries in Stockholm City

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Health 2014年第19期6卷 2736-2742页

作者： Sandra Pahrne Johanna Y. andrews Chavez Koustuv Dalal Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Tufts University Boston USA Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion School of Health and Medical Sciences &Ouml rebro University &Ouml rebro Sweden Department of Public Health Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Sk&ouml vde Sk&ouml vde Sweden

Objective: To conduct a cost analysis of pedestrian injuries at zebra crossings (marked lines only) in Stockholm city during 2008, and propose an intervention for reducing these incidents. Cost savings for the intervention are calculated and presented. Method: A Cost of Illness (COI) method was used to calculate the cost for pedestrian injuries at zebra crossings. Cost of Illness included direct and indirect costs and excluded intangible costs due to lack of data. Data and statistics from STRADA, PAR and calculations from MSB were used to perform the COI. Results: During 2008, 73 pedestrians were injured at zebra crossings in Stockholm city, amounting an estimated social cost of 10.8 million Swedish Krona (SEK) (severe injuries 9.2 million SEK, minor injuries 1.6 million SEK). The costs for reducing pedestrian injuries and related social burden via the proposed intervention (zebra crossings constructed alongside asphalt speed bumps with adjacent lights on both sides of the crossing) were estimated to be 250,000 SEK at roads without intersections, and 1.6 million SEK at roads with an intersection. Conclusion: Pedestrian injuries place a large financial burden on society each year. It is recommended to add speed bumps and adjacent lights to zebra crossings where most pedestrian injuries occur. The intervention would reduce pedestrian injuries and also decrease the cost for the society due to these injuries. Cost savings for the intervention depend on the kind of injury avoided and what kind of road the intervention is built on.

关键词： Pedestrian Injuries Zebra Crossing Speed Bump Lights Cost Savings Sweden

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Use of Social Cognitive Theory to Assess Salient Clinical Research in Chronic Disease Self-Management for Older Adults: An Integrative Review

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Open Journal of Nursing 2016年第3期6卷 213-228页

作者： Kimberly Sell Elaine Amella Martina Mueller Jeannette andrews Joy Wachs Medical University of South Carolina Charleston USA University of South Carolina Columbia USA East Tennessee State University Johnson City USA

The purpose of this integrative review is to evaluate research pertaining to self-management programs for older adults with chronic diseases using Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) for behavior change. The focus is application of the SCT domains to self-management programs. The exploration of the current chronic disease self-management research provides an understanding of the Social Cognitive Theory concepts studied in interventional self-management research. The integrative review explicated two areas related to the theory in need of further research. First, social support has not been thoroughly explored as a mechanism for enhancing self-management interventions. Second, moral disengagement was not identified as a focus within chronic disease research raising the question about the impact of moral disengagement on long-term adherence and behavior change.

关键词： Social Cognitive Theory Self-Management Chronic Disease and Older Adults Integrative Review Social Determinants of Health

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髌内侧关节囊的热挛缩对髌骨外侧位移的影响

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中华骨科杂志 2009年第8期29卷 796-800页

作者： Naiquan Zheng Brent R Davis James R andrews University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC USA Amerlean Sports Medicine Institute Birmingham AL USA

异常的解剖结构可以导敛骸骨复发性脱位、例如滑车的发育不良、髌骨上移、软组织小半衡或者四头肌伸肌机制的异常。坚固的关节囊和髌骨周围组织将髌骨维持任滑车凹槽的中心。如果关节囊和髌骨周刊组织失去甲衡，在膝关节屈曲和伸展时髌... 详细信息

异常的解剖结构可以导敛骸骨复发性脱位、例如滑车的发育不良、髌骨上移、软组织小半衡或者四头肌伸肌机制的异常。坚固的关节囊和髌骨周围组织将髌骨维持任滑车凹槽的中心。如果关节囊和髌骨周刊组织失去甲衡，在膝关节屈曲和伸展时髌骨会滑向一侧或者移至滑牛的边缘。近期的尸体研究报告膝关节屈曲20°时髅骨向内移动4mm进入滑车，在膝关节屈曲90°时，

关键词：髌骨外侧关节囊髌内侧膝关节屈曲位移挛缩复发性脱位解剖结构

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