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Environment-dependent attack rates of cryptic and aposematic butterflies

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 663-669页

作者： Brett M. SEYMOURE andrew RAYMUNDO Kevin J. MCGRAw w. OwEN MCMILLAN Ronald L, RUTOwSKI Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama

Many organisms have evolved adaptive coloration that reduces their risk of predation. Cryptic colo- ration reduces the likelihood of detection/recognition by potential predators, while warning or aposematic coloration advertises unprofitability and thereby reduces the likelihood of attack. Although some studies show that aposematic coloration functions better at decreasing attack rate than crypsis, recent work has suggested and demonstrated that crypsis and aposematism are both successful strategies for avoiding predation. Furthermore, the visual environment （e.g., ambient lighting, background） affects the ability for predators to detect prey. we investigated these 2 related hypoth- eses using 2 well-known visually aposematic species of Heliconius butterflies, which occupy differ- ent habitats （open-canopy vs. closed-canopy）, and one palatable, cryptic, generalist species Junonia coenia. we tested if the differently colored butterflies differ in attack rates by placing plasti- cine models of each of the 3 species in 2 different tropical habitats where the butterflies naturally occur： disturbed, open-canopy habitat and forested, closed-canopy habitat. The cryptic model had fewer attacks than one of the aposematic models. Predation rates differed between the 2 habitats, with the open habitat having much higher predation. However, we did not find an interaction between species and habitat type, which is perplexing due to the different aposematic phenotypes naturally occurring in different habitats. Our findings suggest that during the Panamanian dry sea- son avian predation on perched butterflies is not a leading cause in habitat segregation between the 2 aposematic species and demonstrate that cryptically colored animals at rest may be better than aposematic prey at avoiding avian attacks in certain environments.

关键词： avian attacks camouflage Heliconius Junonia light environment plasticine models predation warning coloration.

Characterizing Uncertainty in City-wide Disaster Recovery through Geospatial Multi-Lifeline Restoration Modeling of Earthquake Impact in the District of North Vancouver

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第6期11卷 807-820页

作者： andrew Deelstra David Bristow Department of Civil Engineering University of VictoriaVictoriaBC V8P 5C2Canada

Restoring lifeline services to an urban neighborhood impacted by a large disaster is critical to the recovery of the city as a *** cities are comprised of many dependent lifeline systems,the pattern of the restoration of each lifeline system can have an impact on one or more *** to the often uncertain and complex interactions between dense lifeline systems and their individual operations at the urban scale,it is typically unclear how different patterns of restoration will impact the overall recovery of lifeline system functioning.A difficulty in addressing this problem is the siloed nature of the knowledge and operations of different types of ***,a city-wide,multi-lifeline restoration model and simulation are provided to address this *** approach uses the Graph Model for Operational Resilience,a data-driven discrete event simulator that can model the spatial and functional cascade of hazard effects and the pattern of restoration over time.A novel case study model of the District of North Vancouver is constructed and simulated for a reference magnitude 7.3 *** model comprises municipal water and wastewater,power distribution,and transport *** model includes 1725 entities from within these sectors,connected through 6456 dependency *** of the model shows that water distribution and wastewater treatment systems recover more quickly and with less uncertainty than electric power and road *** this uncertainty will provide the opportunity to improve data collection,modeling,and collaboration with stakeholders in the future.

关键词： City-wide earthquake recovery Disaster loss and impact assessment Multi-infrastructure restoration Risk modeling and simulation Vulnerability and resilience analysis

The N-formyl peptide receptors: contemporary roles in neuronal function and dysfunction

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1191-1198页

作者： Peter J.G. Cussell Margarita Gomez Escalada Nathaniel G.N. Milton andrew w.J. Paterson Centre for Biomedical Science Research School of Clinical and Applied Sciences Leeds Beckett University

N-formyl peptide receptors(FPRs)were first identified upon phagocytic leukocytes,but more than four decades of research has unearthed a plethora of non-myeloid roles for this receptor *** are expressed within neuronal tissues and markedly in the central nervous system,where FPR interactions with endogenous ligands have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease,as well as neurological cancers such as *** the homeostatic function of FPRs in the nervous system is currently undefined,a variety of novel physiological roles for this receptor family in the neuronal context have been posited in both human and animal *** developments in recent years have implicated FPRs in the process of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation which,upon greater characterisation,could represent a novel pharmacological target for neuronal regeneration therapies that may be used in the treatment of brain/spinal cord injury,stroke and *** review aims to summarize the recent progress made to determine the physiological role of FPRs in a neuronal setting,and to put forward a case for FPRs as a novel pharmacological target for conditions of the nervous system,and for their potential to open the door to novel neuronal regeneration therapies.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease formyl peptide receptor neural regeneration neuroblastoma neurodegeneration neuroinflammation neuronal differentiation stroke

Investigating the raveling test for full-depth reclamation

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 222-226页

作者： Robert HILL andrew BRAHAM Department of Civil Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

Full-Depth Reclamation （FDR） is a sustainable method of building pavement structure compared to more traditional rehabilitation methods. Traffic is generally returned to an FDR project before a surface course is applied, as water in the FDR needs time to evaporate from the structure. This should not be done too quickly or raveling occurs. Currently, there is no test to quantify the timing of return to traffic. In this study, the ＂Raveling test of cold mixed bituminous emulsion samples＂（ASTM D7196） was used to compare asphalt emulsion and asphalt foam FDR. Asphalt emulsion samples were cured at ambient and 40℃ temperatures, while asphalt foam samples were cured at ambient temperatures. Raveling test data was collected from 0 to 48 hours of curing, however, samples were often not able to withstand fifteen minutes of testing. Therefore, the ＂time lasted＂（the time the raveling head loses contact with the surface of the sample） was recorded. In general, the asphalt emulsion samples that were cured in the oven at 40℃ had a longer time lasted and showed higher potential for determination of return to traffic. In addition, the asphalt emulsion samples had a longer time lasted than the asphalt foam samples at ambient temperatures.

关键词： raveling full depth reclamation

A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.w.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

The transplant imaginary

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The transplant imaginary

Bio-Imitation of Mexican Migration Routes to the USA with Slime Mould on 3D Terrains

作者： (author.)sharp Lesley Alexandra

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2013年第2期10卷 242-250页

作者： andrew Adamatzky Genaro J Martinez Department of Computer Sciences University of the West of England Bristol BS16 1QY UK Escuela Superior de Computo Instituto Politecnico Nacional Mexico

Plasmodium ofPhysarum polycephalum （P. polycephalum） is a large single cell visible by an unaided eye. It shows sophisticated behavioural traits in foraging for nutrients and developing an optimal transport network of protoplasmic tubes spanning sources of nutrients. when placed in an environment with distributed sources of nutrients the cell computes＇ an optimal graph spanning the nutrients by growing a network of protoplasmic tubes. P. polycephalum imitates development ofman-made transport networks of a country when configuration of nutrients represents major urban areas, we employed this feature of the slime mould to imitate mexican migration to USA. The Mexican migration to USA is the world＇s larger migration system. we bio-physically imitated the migration using slime mould P. poIycephalum. In laboratory experiments with 3D Nylon terrains of USA we imitated development of migratory routes from Mexico-USA border to ten urban areas with high concentration of Mexican migrants. From results of laboratory experiments we extracted topologies of migratory routes, and highlighted a role of elevations in shaping the human movement networks.

关键词： biomimetics bio-inspired computing migration routes slime mould

Sediment Pollution Assessment of Abandoned Residential Developments Using Remote Sensing and GIS

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Pedosphere 2013年第1期23卷 39-47页

作者： J.D.wERTS E.A.MIKHAILOVA C.J.POST J.L.sharp Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Clemson University 261 Lehotsky HallClemson SC 29634 (USA) Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University 234 Barre HallClemson SC 29634 (USA)

The current economic crisis has left numerous residential developments in the southeastern United States in various stages of construction. Many of them are currently graded and essentially abandoned, creating a major source of sediment runoff to waterways. Residential development locations with significant bare soil areas were identified through classification of Landsat 5 TM satellite imagery and subsequently verified from high-resolution county aerial photographs. The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) was used in a geographic information system (GIS) as a tool for prioritizing identified locations on the basis of potential soil loss assuming the worst case scenario of a completely unmaintained site. Initial GIS identification indicated 301 sites with a total bare soil area of 2 378 ha over three counties in Upstate South Carolina. A random sample of 153 sites was visited over 17 days and assessed using a mobile GIS, global positioning system (GPS), and digital camera for field validation. Results indicated that 78% (119) of the sites were classified correctly (residential construction sites in varying stages of completion); 88% of identified areas were less than 25% built compared to the previous year; 48% were categorized as moderate to severe problems. Abandoned and unfinished developments in Upstate South Carolina may represent a major source of sediment pollution to streams. well-maintained erosion control devices may be useful in preventing offsite sedimentation.

关键词： classification construction erosion RUSLE soil loss

A deep convolutional neural network for real-time full profile analysis of big powder diffraction data

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 671-679页

作者： Hongyang Dong Keith T.Butler Dorota Matras Stephen w.T.Price Yaroslav Odarchenko Rahul Khatry andrew Thompson Vesna Middelkoop Simon D.M.Jacques andrew M.Beale Antonis Vamvakeros Department of Chemistry University College London20 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AJUnited Kingdom SciML Scientific Computer DivisionSTFCRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell OX110QXUnited Kingdom Finden Limited Merchant House5 East St Helens StreetAbingdon OX145EGUnited Kingdom National Physical Laboratory Hampton RoadTeddington TW110LWUnited Kingdom Flemish Institute for Technological Research VITO NVBoeretang 200Mol 2400Belgium Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX110FA OxfordshireUnited Kingdom Present address:Diamond Light Source Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOxfordshire OX110DEUnited Kingdom Present address:The Faraday Institution Quad OneHarwell Science and Innovation CampusOX110RA OxfordshireUnited Kingdom

we present Parameter Quantification Network(PQ-Net),a regression deep convolutional neural network providing quantitative analysis of powder X-ray diffraction patterns from multi-phase *** network is tested against simulated and experimental datasets of increasing complexity with the last one being an X-ray diffraction computed tomography dataset of a multi-phase Ni-Pd/CeO_(2)-ZrO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) catalytic material system consisting of ca.20,000 diffraction *** is shown that the network predicts accurate scale factor,lattice parameter and crystallite size maps for all phases,which are comparable to those obtained through full profile analysis using the Rietveld method,also providing a reliable uncertainty measure on the *** main advantage of PQNet is its ability to yield these results orders of magnitude faster showing its potential as a tool for real-time diffraction data analysis during in situ/operando experiments.

关键词： network powder analysis