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Behavioral strategies to prevent and mitigate COVID-19 infection

Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020年第3期2卷 115-125页

作者： Noah t.Hutchinson andrew Steelman Jeffrey A.Woods Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignILUSA Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignILUSA Neuroscience Program University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignILUSA Carle R.Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignILUSA Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignILUSA

the single stranded RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a massive addition to the already leading global cause of mortality,viral respiratory tract *** by and associated with early and deleteriously enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by respiratory epithelial cells,severe COVID-19 illness has the potential to inflict acute respiratory distress syndrome and even *** to the fast spreading nature of COVID-19 and the current lack of a vaccine or specific pharmaceutical treatments,understanding of viral pathogenesis,behavioral prophylaxis,and mitigation tactics are of great public health *** review article outlines the immune response to viral pathogens,and due to the novelty of COVID-19 and the large body of evidence suggesting the respiratory and immune benefits from regular moderate intensity exercise,provides observational and mechanistic evidence from research on other viral infections that suggests strategically planned exercise regimens may help reduce susceptibility to infection,while also mitigating severe immune responses to infection commonly associated with poor COVID-19 *** propose that regular moderate intensity exercise should be considered as part of a combinatorial approach including widespread hygiene initiatives,properly planned and well-executed social distancing policies,and use of efficacious facial coverings like N95 *** discerning COVID-19 pathogenesis mechanisms,transfer dynamics,and individual responses to pharmaceutical and adjunct treatments are needed to reduce viral transmission and bring an end to the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： Exercise COVID-19 Prophylaxis Pathogenesis Cytokine

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traumatic soft tissue defects:a perspective review on reconstruction and communication priorities from the orthopaedic trauma surgeon as a partner in care

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 284-294页

作者： Joseph t.Patterson Haley Nakata Jacob Becerra andrew Duong Department of Orthopedic Surgery Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA

Communication and coordination between orthopedic and plastic surgeons improve outcomes in severe extremity ***“orthoplastics”approach to limb salvage incorporates priorities and skillsets from both *** of infection,coordinated skeletal and soft tissue reconstruction,and communication during recovery and rehabilitation are key *** purpose of this review is to describe the orthopedic trauma surgeon’s perspectives on lower extremity reconstruction,including initial management,techniques and timing for provisional and definitive skeletal reconstruction,and considerations for rehabilitation and orthotic use to optimize functional outcomes.

关键词： Orthopedic trauma limb salvage extremity trauma orthoplastic soft tissue reconstruction orthotics rehabilitation

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Bleb needling outcomes for failed trabeculectomy blebs in Asian eyes: a 2-year follow up

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第4期8卷 748-753页

作者： andrew S.H.tsai Pui Yi Boey Hla M Htoon tina t Wong Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre 11 Third Hospital Avenue

·AIM: to describe the outcomes of bleb needling in primary glaucoma in an Asian tertiary eye centre over a2 y period. to compare the success rates between primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG) and primary open angle glaucoma(POAG). Lastly, to identify factors associated with success of bleb needling.·MEtHODS: this was a retrospective review of 227 patients who underwent bleb needling between June2009 and June 2011 in Singapore National Eye *** 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) augmented bleb needling was performed either at the slit lamp or in the operating theatre. Repeat bleb needlings were performed as necessary. Complete success was defined as maintenance of intraocular pressure(IOP) ≥6 mm Hg and ≤21 mm Hg, in the absence of further surgery or use of antiglaucoma medication. Qualified success met the above criteria with or without use of antiglaucoma medications.· RESULtS: One hundred and seventy-five eyes completed the two-year follow up. Sixty-nine percent of participants had POAG and 31% had PACG. the mean interval between filtering surgery and bleb needling was299.9 ±616.4d for POAG and 167.1 ±272.2d for *** needling attempts were 1.9±1.4 and 2±1.6 for POAG and PACG respectively. In general, there was a statistically significant reduction of IOP ranging from21.9% to 26.8% from month 1 through to month 24. the complete success rates at month 6 were 70.0% for POAG and 65.7% for PACG. At month 12, this decreased to62.2% for POAG and PACG and at month 24, 57.9% for POAG and 63.0% for PACG respectively. the qualified success rates at month 6 for POAG and PACG were23.8% and 29.9% respectively, 32.2% and 29.2% at month12, and 34.7% and 29.6% at month 24. the success ratesbetween POAG and PACG were not significantly different(P >0.05 for complete and qualified success at months 6,12 and 24). An increased number of needlings and higher pre-needling IOP were associated with failure.·CONCLUSION: the 5-FU augmented bleb needling within one year of trabeculectomy in As

关键词： 5-fluorouracil bleb needling trabeculectomy Asian eyes

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Cytochrome P450 2E1 high activity polymorphism in alcohol abuse and end-organ disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第41期11卷 6445-6449页

作者： Mark t Cartmell Hans-Ulrich Schulz Derek A O'Reilly Bing'Mei Yang Volker Kielstein Simon P Dunlop Walter Halangk andrew G Demaine andrew N Kingsnorth Department of Surgery Derriford Hospital Plymouth United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Derriford Hospital Plymouth United Kingdom Department of Molecular Medicine Plymouth Postgraduate Medical School Plymouth United Kingdom Department of Surgery University of Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany Outpatient Clinic for Addiction Diseases Magdeburg Germany

AIM: to investigate a possible role for a recently identified polymorphism in the gene of cytochrome P450 2E1, the presence of which is associated with high activity of the enzyme. MEtHODS: two hundred and thirty-nine alcohol consumers, ICD 10.1/.2 (ALC), and 208 normal controls were studied. PCR amplification of the CYP2E1 gene region was performed to assess polymorphic variation. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the ***: twelve normal controls (5.8%) possessed the insertion. Five ALC (2.1%) had the insertion; of these 2 of 144 with,alcohol induced chronic pancreatitis, none of 28 with alcoholic liver disease and 3 of 67 without endorgan disease had the polymorphism. A significantly Lower frequency of subjects possessed the insertion than normal controls [P = 0.049 (genotype analysis P = 0.03)]. to further assess, if there was a relationship to alcohol problems per se or end-organ disease, we compared patients with alcohol induced end-organ disease vs alcoholic controls without end-organ disease vs normal controls which again showed a significant difference [P = 0.045 (genotype analysis,P = 0.011)], further sub-group analysis did not identify which group(s) accounted for these ***: We have shown the frequencies of this high-activity polymorphism in alcohol related patient groups for the first time. the frequency is significantly less in alcoholics than normal controls, as with high activity polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase. the biological significance, and whether the relevance is solely for alcoholism or is there a relationship to end-organ disease,would benefit from the assessment in the populations with a greater frequency of this polymorphism.

关键词： CYP2E1 Alcohol Chronic pancreatitis Liver disease Polymorphism

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Smart Soft Materials with Multiscale Architecture and Dynamic Surface topographies

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第11期3卷 1115-1126页

作者： Songshan Zeng andrew t.Smith Kuangyu Shen Luyi Sun Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical&Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut 06269United StatesPresent Address:Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering(MIMSE)Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research InstituteFaculty of Innovation EngineeringMacao University of Science and TechnologyTaipa999078MacaoChina Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical&Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut 06269United States

CONSPECtUS:Smart soft materials have one or more characteristics that can be significantly altered in convertible fashions by external stimuli,such as light,moisture,mechanical force,temperature,electric/magnetic fields,pH,and so *** materials can lead to widespread application in multifunctional smart ***,various smart soft materials have been developed under the inspiration of the intriguing multiscale structures,adaptive mechanisms,and dynamic responses of natural life,with an aim to further design advanced material systems with novel,intriguing,and unprecedented properties.

关键词： Smart properties. Dynamic

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Acute hemodynamic effects of enhanced external counterpulsation

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2010年第2期7卷 67-73页

作者： Bhavananda t.Reddy andrew D.Michaels Department of Medicine Division of CardiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUnited States

Introduction In the United States, there are about 17.6 million patients suffer from symptomatic coronary artery disease （CAD）, affecting 7.9% of adults ≥ 20 years of age.1 An estimated 10.2 million patients have angina, and 500,000 patients will develop new angina pectoris each year. 1 A subset of angina patients are categorized as refractory when symptoms continue despite optimal medical therapy and *** daily activities become impossible without experiencing chest pain in this patient population.2

关键词： Enhanced external counterpulsation diastolic augmentation hemodynamics angina heart failure.

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Primary parasitoids of red scale （Aonidiella aurantii） in Australia and a review of their introductions from Asia

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Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 150-168页

作者： Hang t. Dao G. andrew C. Beattie Robert Spooner-Hart Markus Riegler Paul Holford University of Western Sydney Penrith NSW 2751 Australia Plant Protection Research Institute Chem Tu Liem Hanoi Vietnam

We used morphological and molecular differences to confirm the identities of red scale （Aonidiella aurantii） and yellow scale （A. citrina）, and their primary parasitoids, in Australia. An extension to the distribution of yellow scale was confirmed. Six primary parasitoids of red scale were identified： Aphytis chrysomphali, A. lingnanensis, A. melinus, Comperiella bifasciata, Encarsia citrina, and E. perniciosi. With the exception of A. lingnanensis, these parasitoids, and a species of Aphelinus, were detected in association with red scale during studies in citrus orchards in coastal New South Wales between 2009 and 2012. two races ofA. melinus were recorded： one from the Indian Subcontinent, the other previously only recorded in China. the studies, and reviews of historical records, led us to conclude that 4 parasitoids, A. lingnanensis, C. bifasciata, and both species of Encarsia, were present in Australia before successful or unsuccessful formal introductions between 1902 and 1970. the A. melinus race previously recorded in China may also have been present before the Indian Subcontinent race was formally introduced in 1961. We suggest the possibility that the natural distribution of some of the parasitoids may include East and Southeast Asia, and parts of Australasia. We found no reports of native armored scales being recorded on species and hybrids of Citrus introduced to Australia, and no reports of introduced armored scales being recorded on native Rutaceae, including 6 species of Citrus. However, we subsequently recorded yellow scale on Geijera parviflora, a native rutaceous tree.

关键词： Aonidiella Aphytis citrus Comperiella Encarsia red scale

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Putting things in place for fertilization： discovering roles for importin proteins in cell fate and spermatogenesis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 537-544页

作者： Kate L Loveland andrew t Major Romaly Butler Julia C Young David A Jan Yoichi Miyamoto Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Monash UniversityClayton VlC Australia Hudson Institute of Medical Research Monash Medical Centre Clayton VlC Australia School of Clinical Sciences Monash University ClaytonVlC Laboratory of Nuclear transport Dynamics National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition Osaka Japan.

Importin proteins were originally characterized for their central role in protein transport through the nuclear pores, the only intracellular entry to the nucleus. this vital function must be tightly regulated to control access by transcription factors and other nuclear proteins to genomic DNA, to achieve appropriate modulation of cellular behaviors affecting cell fate. Importin-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport relies on their specific recognition of cargoes, with each importin binding to distinct and overlapping protein subsets. Knowledge of importin function has expanded substantially in regard to three key developmental systems： embryonic stem cells, muscle cells and the germ line. In the decade since the potential for regulated nucleocytoplasmic transport to contribute to spermatogenesis was proposed, we and others have shown that the importins that ferry transcription factors into the nucleus perform additional roles, which control cell fate. this review presents key findings from studies of mammalian spermatogenesis that reveal potential new pathways by which male fertility and infertility arise. these studies of germline genesis illuminate new ways in which importin proteins govern cellular differentiation, includ ng v a d rect ng proteins to d st nct ntrace ular compartments and by determining cellular stress responses.

关键词： cell fate cell stress importin karyopherin nucleocytoplasmic transport spermatid spermatocyte spermatogenesis

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Influence of food availability,plant productivity,and indigenous forest use on ranging behavior of the endangered samango monkey(Cercopithecus albogularis schwarzi),in the Soutpansberg Mountains,South Africa

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第5期15卷 385-400页

作者： Edwin J.PARKER Russell A.HIL andrew t.L.ALLAN Caroline HOWLEtt Nicola F.KOYAMA School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research CentreLouis TrichardtSouth Africa Department of Anthropology Durham UniversityDurhamUK Department of Zoology University of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa School of Anthropology and Conservation University of KentKentUK

Understanding the determinants of ranging patterns in species susceptible to habitat fragmentation is fundamental for assessing their long-term adaptability to an increasingly human-dominated *** aim of this study was to determine and compare the influence of ground-based food availability,remotely sensed plant productivity,and indigenous forest use on the ranging patterns of the endangered samango monkey(Cercopithecus albogularis schwarzi).We collected monthly ranging data on two habituated samango monkey groups,from February 2012 to December 2016,from our field site in the Soutpansberg Mountains,South *** used linear mixed models to explore how food availability,plant productivity,and indigenous forest use influenced monthly ranging patterns,while controlling for group size,number of sample days and day *** found that as more areas of high plant productivity(derived from remotely sensed EVI)were incorporated into the ranging area,both total and core monthly ranging areas *** addition,both total ranging area and mean monthly daily path length decreased as more indigenous forest was incorporated into the ranging ***,we found no effect of either ground-based food availability or remotely sensed plant productivity on ranging *** findings demonstrate the behavioral flexibility in samango monkey ranging,as samangos can utilize matrix habitat during periods of low productivity but are ultimately dependent on access to indigenous forest *** addition,we highlight the potential of using remotely sensed areas of high plant productivity to predict ranging patterns in a small ranging,forest-dwelling guenon,over ground-based estimates of food availability.

关键词： food availability forest use plant productivity ranging patterns remote sensing samango monkey

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Artificial intelligence and machine learning for hemorrhagic trauma care

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Military Medical Research 2023年第5期10卷 680-698页

作者： Henry t.Peng MMusaab Siddiqui Shawn G.Rhind Jing Zhang Luis teodoro da Luz andrew Beckett Defence Research and Development Canada Toronto Research CentreTorontoON M3K 2C9Canada Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre TorontoON M4N 3M5Canada St.Michael’s Hospital TorontoON M5B 1W8Canada Royal Canadian Medical Services Ottawa K1A 0K2Canada

Artificial intelligence(AI),a branch of machine learning(ML)has been increasingly employed in the research of trauma in various *** is the most common cause of trauma-related *** better elucidate the current role of AI and contribute to future development of ML in trauma care,we conducted a review focused on the use of ML in the diagnosis or treatment strategy of traumatic hemorrhage.A literature search was carried out on PubMed and Google *** and abstracts were screened and,if deemed appropriate,the full articles were *** included 89 studies in the *** studies could be grouped into five areas:(1)prediction of outcomes;(2)risk assessment and injury severity for triage;(3)prediction of transfusions;(4)detection of hemorrhage;and(5)prediction of *** analysis of ML in comparison with current standards for trauma care showed that most studies demonstrated the benefits of ML ***,most studies were retrospective,focused on prediction of mortality,and development of patient outcome scoring *** studies performed model assessment via test datasets obtained from different *** models for transfusions and coagulopathy have been developed,but none is in widespread ***-enabled ML-driven technology is becoming integral part of the whole course of trauma *** and application of ML algorithms using different datasets from initial training,testing and validation in prospective and randomized controlled trials are warranted for provision of decision support for individualized patient care as far forward as possible.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Hemorrhage Machine learning trauma Injury

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