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Towards higher-dimensional structured light

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第8期11卷 1650-1666页

作者： Chao He Yijie Shen andrew Forbes Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX13PJUK Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK School of Physics University of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 3Johannesburg2050South Africa

Structured light refers to the arbitrarily tailoring of optical fields in all their degrees of freedom(DoFs),from spatial to *** orbital angular momentum(OAM)is perhaps the most topical example,and celebrating 30 years since its connection to the spatial structure of light,control over other DoFs is slowly gaining traction,promising access to higher-dimensional forms of structured ***,harnessing these new DoFs in quantum and classical states remains challenging,with the toolkit still in its *** this perspective,we discuss methods,challenges,and opportunities for the creation,detection,and control of multiple DoFs for higher-dimensional structured *** present a roadmap for future development trends,from fundamental research to applications,concentrating on the potential for larger-capacity,higher-security information processing and communication,and beyond.

关键词： light dimensional slowly

Experimental Study for Effect of Multi-Site Spark Ignition on Dedicated Hybrid Engine Performance under High Dilution Condition

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期 254-267页

作者： YAN Bowen WATERS Benjamin HAINES andrew MCGHEE Mike HU Tiegang DENG Wei PU Yongxian MA Tianyu Powertrain Engineering R&D Center Chongqing Changan Automobile Co.Ltd. Changan UK R&D Centre Limited

In this study,a triple spark ignition scheme was first designed on a three-cylinder 1.5-L dedicated hybrid engine（DHE）.On this basis,the effect of different ignition modes on engine combustion and emission characteristics was studied,especially under high dilution *** results tested at 2000 r/min and 0.8 MPa BMEP（brake mean effective pressure） show that with highly increased in-cylinder flow intensity,using only passive prechamber（PPC） has a lower lean limit than that with single central spark plug（CSP）,thereby leading to slightly higher minimum fuel consumption and nitrogen oxides（NOx） *** side spark plugs（SSP）based on PPC can result in improved capability of lean limit extension and engine performance than ***,the improvement level is lower than that with triple spark plugs（TSP）.As the excess air ratio λincreases,the advantage of PPC and PPC with SSP in improving the combustion phasing compared with CSP gradually ***,the increasing tendency of their ignition delay and combustion duration is more *** added SSP based on PPC can effectively shorten the ignition delay of leaner mixture,but the combustion duration can be only slightly *** a result,under extremely lean condition,the advantage of PPC and PPC with SSP in terms of combustion characteristics over CSP becomes much *** contrast,the TSP ignition can achieve much shorter ignition delay and combustion duration simultaneously under this *** to the highest available dilution level,the TSP ignition achieves the lowest raw ***,it can also reduce the raw carbon monoxide（CO） and hydrocarbons（HC） emissions compared to CSP due to a more thorough combustion of the end gas *** on the excellent performance of TSP,the highest engine brake thermal efficiency（BTE） was further *** results show that with normal RON 92 fuel,the engine finally achieved 43.69% and 45.02% BTE under stochiometric mode with exhaust

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New therapies for relapsed castration-resistant prostate cancer based on peptide analogs of hypothalamic hormones

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第6期17卷 925-928页

作者： andrew V Schally Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South FloridaVeterans Affairs Foundation for Research andEducation Miami FL 33125 USA Department of Pathology University of Miami Miller School ofMedicine Miami FL 33136 USA Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology Universityof Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL33136 USA Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology University of Miami Miller School ofMedicine Miami FL 33136 USA Department of Medicine Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine MiamiFL 33136 USA Department of Urology HerbertWertheim College of Medicine Florida InternationalUniversity Miami FL 33174 USA.

Itis a pleasure to contribute our presentation at the International Prostate Forum of the Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association （AUA） to this special issue of the Asian Journal of Andrology. We are gratified that the method developed in our laboratories1 based on agonistic analogs of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone （LHRH）, also called gonadotropin which was discovered releasing hormone, and characterized by one of us （AVS） in the 1970S, has been used since the early 1980s for the treatment of hormone-dependent prostate cancer.

关键词： therapies castration hormones

Review on supercapacitors:Technologies and performance evaluation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第8期30卷 276-291,I0006页

作者： Jingyuan Zhao andrew F.Burke Institute of Transportation Studies University of California-Davis95616 DavisUSA Computer Science and Technology Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences518118 ShenzhenChina

The development of electrochemical capacitors(***)have attracted a lot of attention in recent years because of the increasing demand for efficient,high-power energy *** capacitors(ECs)are particularly attractive for transportation and renewable energy generation applications,taking advantage of their superior power capability and outstanding cycle *** the past decade,various advanced electrode materials and cell design are being studied to improve the energy density of *** Li-ion capacitors and pseudo-capacitors that utilize fast surface redox reactions of metal oxide and doped polymers are the prime candidates being *** paper is concerned with the metrics being used to describe the performance of ECs and how the metrics are evaluated by testing devices and how the data from the testing are best *** is on relating testing of advanced ECs using materials more complex than activated carbons to testing electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)using carbon in both electrodes.A second focus of the paper is projecting the potential of the advanced materials and ionic liquid electrolytes for the development of complete EC cells having an energy density more than a factor of ten greater the energy density of the EDLC devices currently on the *** potential was evaluated by calculating the performance(energy and power)of a series of ECs that utilize the advanced materials that have been studied by electrochemists over the past 10-15 *** capacitance and resistance of the advanced ECs were calculated utilizing specific capacitance(F/g or F/cm^(3))and porosity data for the electrode materials and ionic conductivity of the *** was concluded that hybrid ECs can be developed with energy densities of at least 50 Wh/kg,70 Wh/L with efficient power greater than 3 k W/*** research on micro-porous carbons with specific capacitance of 200 F/g and greater is *** achieve th

关键词： Electrochemical capacitors Metrics Evaluation Cell design Applications

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Incorporating red blanket protocol within code crimson:Streamlining definitive trauma care amid the chaos

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 14-19页

作者： Sohil Pothiawala Savitha Bhagvan andrew MacCormick Emergency Medicine Woodlands HealthSingapore 737628Singapore Trauma and Emergency Services Auckland City HospitalAuckland 1023New Zealand Department of General Surgery Middlemore HospitalAuckland 2025New Zealand

The care of a patient involved in major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage is time-critical to achieve definitive haemorrhage control,and it requires coordinated multidisciplinary *** initial resuscitation of a patient in the emergency department(ED),Code Crimson activation facilitates rapid decisionmaking by multi-disciplinary specialists for definitive haemorrhage control in operating theatre(OT)and/or interventional radiology(IR)*** this decision has been made,there may still be various factors that lead to delay in transporting the patient from ED to OT/*** Blanket protocol identifies and addresses these factors and processes which cause delay,and aims to facilitate rapid and safe transport of the haemodynamically unstable patient from ED to OT,while minimizing delay in resuscitation during the *** two processes,Code Crimson and Red Blanket,complement each *** would be ideal to merge the two processes into a single protocol rather than having two separate *** these quality improvement strategies and coor-dinated processes within the trauma framework of the hospitals/healthcare systems will help in further improving the multi-disciplinary care for the complex trauma patients requiring rapid and definitive haemorrhage control.

关键词： Red blanket protocol Code crimson Haemorrhage Trauma

At-will chromatic dispersion by prescribing light trajectories with cascaded metasurfaces

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1108-1116页

作者： andrew McClung Mahdad Mansouree Amir Arbabi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst151 Holdsworth WayAmherstMA 01003USA

Chromatic dispersion spatially separates white light into colours,producing rainbows and similar *** to imaging but essential to spectroscopy,chromatic dispersion is the result of material properties in refractive optics and is considered an inherent characteristic of diffractive devices such as gratings and flat ***,we present a fundamental relation connecting an optical system’s dispersion to the trajectories light takes through it and show that arbitrary control over dispersion may be achieved by prescribing specific trajectories,even in diffractive *** cascaded metasurfaces(2D arrays of sub-micron scatterers)to direct light along predetermined trajectories,we present an achromatic twisted metalens and experimentally demonstrate beam deflectors with arbitrary *** new insight and design approach usher in a new class of optical systems with wide-ranging applications.

关键词： dispersion light trajectories

The ethical cost of doing nothing

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National Science Review 2020年第7期7卷 1260-1262页

作者： andrew J.Parker University of Oxford Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Genetics

Concern has been raised about the ethics and risks of performing genetic interventions in macaque monkeys to study models of human neuropsychiatric conditions. Here I point out that,when the outcome of some situations is truly uncertain, human decision makers tend to evaluate these situations inconsistently. The consequences of this inconsistency are sometimes profound, as they lead policy makers and reviewers to ignore or discount the ethical costs of doing nothing. I conclude that there are fundamental problems with the ‘precautionary

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Fruit fly courtship： The female perspective

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Current Zoology 2015年第6期61卷 1008-1014页

作者： Reuven DUKAS andrew SCOTT Animal Behaviour Group Department of Psychology Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada

Research on fruit fly courtship has mostly focused on males＇ behavioral repertoire whereas females have been as- sumed to respond by either rejecting or accepting males. In many fruit fly species including Drosophila melanogaster, however, mating typically follows an extended period of courtship, which provides ample opportunities for females to inform males about their likelihood of mating. Our experiments indeed revealed that sexually immature females in both D. melanogasterand D. si- mulans showed responses to conspecific males that were distinct from those of sexually mature females. Furthermore, females＇ responses to conspecifie males were different from their responses to heterospecific males. Our data indicate that females＇ beha- vioral repertoire early in courtship can inform males about their probability of mating if they persist in courting. We hypothesize （i） that males can rely on behavioral feedback from females for optimally allocating their courtship efforts towards distinct female classes, （ii） that males may learn to modulate their courtship behavior based on specific feedback from females, and （iii） that fe- males may learn to alter their behavior towards distinct types of males in order to elicit the desired male response. Overall, we suggest that, although little explored, female behavior determines the dynamics of courtship and mating and can thus influence sexual selection and incipient speciation .

关键词： Courtship Female behavior Fruit flies Learning Mate choice Speciation

Testing decreasing variabililty of cockroach forewings through time using four Recent species： Blattella germanica, Polyphaga aegyptiaca, Shelfordella lateralis and Blaberus craniifer, with implications for the study of fossil cockroach forewings

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Insect Science 2012年第2期19卷 129-142页

作者： andrew J. Ross Department of Natural Sciences National Museums Scotland Edinburgh UK

Vrsansky, （2000） considered there is decreasing variability in the forewings of cockroaches through time, based on a study of fossil and Recent species. This study tests his theory, based on a study of four Recent species of cockroaches： Blattella germanica （Blattellidae）, Polyphaga aegyptiaca （Polyphagidae）, Shelfordella lateralis （Blattidae） and Blaberus craniifer （Blaberidae）. The new results, based on the coefficient of variation （CV） of the number of veins, indicate that Recent species can be more variable than fossil species and therefore do not support the theory. The results also show that at least 30 complete wings of the same species are required for a reliable CV value that is compa- rable between species.

关键词： Blaberidae Blattellidae Blattidae cockroach Polyphagidae variation